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result(s) for
"Carroll, Joseph"
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Detection of a pair density wave state in UTe2
Spin-triplet topological superconductors should exhibit many unprecedented electronic properties, including fractionalized electronic states relevant to quantum information processing. Although UTe
2
may embody such bulk topological superconductivity
1
–
11
, its superconductive order parameter Δ(
k
) remains unknown
12
. Many diverse forms for Δ(
k
) are physically possible
12
in such heavy fermion materials
13
. Moreover, intertwined
14
,
15
density waves of spin (SDW), charge (CDW) and pair (PDW) may interpose, with the latter exhibiting spatially modulating
14
,
15
superconductive order parameter Δ(
r
), electron-pair density
16
–
19
and pairing energy gap
17
,
20
–
23
. Hence, the newly discovered CDW state
24
in UTe
2
motivates the prospect that a PDW state may exist in this material
24
,
25
. To search for it, we visualize the pairing energy gap with μeV-scale energy resolution using superconductive scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) tips
26
–
31
. We detect three PDWs, each with peak-to-peak gap modulations of around 10 μeV and at incommensurate wavevectors
P
i
=1,2,3
that are indistinguishable from the wavevectors
Q
i
=1,2,3
of the prevenient
24
CDW. Concurrent visualization of the UTe
2
superconductive PDWs and the non-superconductive CDWs shows that every
P
i
:
Q
i
pair exhibits a relative spatial phase
δϕ
≈ π. From these observations, and given UTe
2
as a spin-triplet superconductor
12
, this PDW state should be a spin-triplet PDW
24
,
25
. Although such states do exist
32
in superfluid
3
He, for superconductors, they are unprecedented.
A spin-triplet pair density wave is discovered in the candidate topological superconductor UTe
2
using superconductive scanning tunnelling microscopy tips.
Journal Article
Reading Human Nature
As the founder and leading practitioner of \"literary Darwinism,\" Joseph Carroll remains at the forefront of a major movement in literary studies. Signaling key new developments in this approach, Reading Human Nature contains trenchant theoretical essays, innovative empirical research, sweeping surveys of intellectual history, and sophisticated interpretations of specific literary works, including The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wuthering Heights, The Mayor of Casterbridge, and Hamlet. Evolutionists in the social sciences have succeeded in delineating basic motives but have given far too little attention to the imagination. Carroll makes a compelling case that literary Darwinism is not just another \"school\" or movement in literary theory. It is the moving force in a fundamental paradigm change in the humanities—a revolution. Psychologists and anthropologists have provided massive evidence that human motives and emotions are rooted in human biology. Since motives and emotions enter into all the products of a human imagination, humanists now urgently need to assimilate a modern scientific understanding of \"human nature.\" Integrating evolutionary social science with literary humanism, Carroll offers a more complete and adequate understanding of human nature.
eBook
A two-dimensional discrete delay-differential system model of viremia
A deterministic model is proposed to describe the interaction between an immune system and an invading virus whose target cells circulate in the blood. The model is a system of two ordinary first order quadratic delay-differential equations with stipulated initial conditions, whose coefficients are eventually constant, so that the system becomes autonomous. The long-term behavior of the solution is investigated with some success. In particular, we find two simple functions of the parameters of the model, whose signs often, but not always, determine whether the virus persists above a nonzero threshold in the circulation or heads toward extinction.
Journal Article
Adaptive optics imaging of inherited retinal diseases
Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy allows for non-invasive retinal phenotyping on a microscopic scale, thereby helping to improve our understanding of retinal diseases. An increasing number of natural history studies and ongoing/planned interventional clinical trials exploit AO ophthalmoscopy both for participant selection, stratification and monitoring treatment safety and efficacy. In this review, we briefly discuss the evolution of AO ophthalmoscopy, recent developments and its application to a broad range of inherited retinal diseases, including Stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa and achromatopsia. Finally, we describe the impact of this in vivo microscopic imaging on our understanding of disease pathogenesis, clinical trial design and outcome metrics, while recognising the limitation of the small cohorts reported to date.
Journal Article
Literary Darwinism
First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Joseph Carroll is Professor of English at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. He has published books on Matthew Arnold and Wallace Stevens. In Evolution and Literary Theory (1995) and in his subsequent writing, he has spearheaded the movement to integrate literary study with Darwinian psychology.
eBook
Is there truly an oncologic indication for interval appendectomy?
The rate of recurrent appendicitis is low following nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis. However, recent data suggest an increased rate of neoplasms in these cases.
The study was a retrospective review of patients with acute appendicitis at 2 university-affiliated community hospitals over a 12-year period. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of appendiceal neoplasm following interval appendectomy.
Six thousand thirty-eight patients presented with acute appendicitis. Appendectomy was performed in 5,851 (97%) patients at the index admission. Of the 188 patients treated with initial nonoperative management, 89 (47%) underwent interval appendectomy. Appendiceal neoplasms were identified in 11 of the 89 (12%) patients. These included mucinous neoplasms (n = 6), carcinoid tumors (n = 4), and adenocarcinoma (n = 1). The rate of neoplasm in patients over age 40 was 16%.
There is a significant rate of neoplasms identified in patient over age 40 undergoing interval appendectomy. This should be considered following nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis.
Journal Article
Open source software for automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy using convolutional neural networks
Imaging with an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) enables direct visualization of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the living human retina. Quantitative analysis of AOSLO images typically requires manual grading, which is time consuming, and subjective; thus, automated algorithms are highly desirable. Previously developed automated methods are often reliant on ad hoc rules that may not be transferable between different imaging modalities or retinal locations. In this work, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) based method for cone detection that learns features of interest directly from training data. This cone-identifying algorithm was trained and validated on separate data sets of confocal and split detector AOSLO images with results showing performance that closely mimics the gold standard manual process. Further, without any need for algorithmic modifications for a specific AOSLO imaging system, our fully-automated multi-modality CNN-based cone detection method resulted in comparable results to previous automatic cone segmentation methods which utilized ad hoc rules for different applications. We have made free open-source software for the proposed method and the corresponding training and testing datasets available online.
Journal Article
LC‐ICP‐MS analysis of inositol phosphate isomers in soil offers improved sensitivity and fine‐scale mapping of inositol phosphate distribution
Organic forms of phosphorus (P) prevail in soils and their quantification is vital to better understand global biogeochemical cycles. P speciation in soil is commonly assessed by 31P NMR spectroscopy of sodium hydroxide‐EDTA (NaOH‐EDTA) extracts. A liquid chromatography‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LC‐ICP‐MS) method that employs NaOH‐EDTA is described. Comparison with 31P NMR shows that LC‐ICP‐MS is up to three orders of magnitude more sensitive. It allows measurement in samples as small as 1 mg. We reveal variation of inositol phosphate distribution in Swedish boreal forest soil and identify myo‐ and scyllo‐inositol hexakisphosphates and other isomers including scyllo‐inositol pentakisphosphate. Speciation of the major inositol phosphates was not altered by long‐term nitrogen fertilization.
Journal Article
Imaging retinal melanin: a review of current technologies
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential to the health of the retina and the proper functioning of the photoreceptors. The RPE is rich in melanosomes, which contain the pigment melanin. Changes in RPE pigmentation are seen with normal aging and in diseases such as albinism and age-related macular degeneration. However, most techniques used to this day to detect and quantify ocular melanin are performed ex vivo and are destructive to the tissue. There is a need for in vivo imaging of melanin both at the clinical and pre-clinical level to study how pigmentation changes can inform disease progression. In this manuscript, we review in vivo imaging techniques such as fundus photography, fundus reflectometry, near-infrared autofluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and functional optical coherence tomography that specifically detect melanin in the retina. These methods use different contrast mechanisms to detect melanin and provide images with different resolutions and field-of-views, making them complementary to each other.
Journal Article