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Making the most of Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models to support collection development in health sciences libraries
This project investigated the potential of generative AI models in aiding health sciences librarians with collection development. Researchers at Chapman University’s Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science campus evaluated four generative AI models—ChatGPT 4.0, Google Gemini, Perplexity, and Microsoft Copilot—over six months starting in March 2024. Two prompts were used: one to generate recent eBook titles in specific health sciences fields and another to identify subject gaps in the existing collection. The first prompt revealed inconsistencies across models, with Copilot and Perplexity providing sources but also inaccuracies. The second prompt yielded more useful results, with all models offering helpful analysis and accurate Library of Congress call numbers. The findings suggest that Large Language Models (LLMs) are not yet reliable as primary tools for collection development due to inaccuracies and hallucinations. However, they can serve as supplementary tools for analyzing subject coverage and identifying gaps in health sciences collections.
Journal Article
Environmental Fate of Double-Stranded RNA in Agricultural Soils
A laboratory soil degradation study was conducted to determine the biodegradation potential of a DvSnf7 dsRNA transcript derived from a Monsanto genetically modified (GM) maize product that confers resistance to corn rootworm (CRW; Diabrotica spp.). This study provides new information to improve the environmental assessment of dsRNAs that become pesticidal through an RNAi process. Three agricultural soils differing in their physicochemical characteristics were obtained from the U.S., Illinois (IL; silt loam), Missouri (MO; loamy sand) and North Dakota (ND; clay loam), and exposed to the target dsRNA by incorporating insect-protected maize biomass and purified (in vitro-transcribed) DvSnf7 RNA into soil. The GM and control (non-GM maize) materials were added to each soil and incubated at ca. 22 °C for 48 hours (h). Samples were collected at 12 time intervals during the incubation period, extracted, and analyzed using QuantiGene molecular analysis and insect bioassay methods. The DT50 (half-life) values for DvSnf7 RNA in IL, MO, and ND soils were 19, 28, and 15 h based on QuantiGene, and 18, 29, and 14 h based on insect bioassay, respectively. Furthermore, the DT90 (time to 90% degradation) values for DvSnf7 RNA in all three soils were <35 h. These results indicate that DvSnf7 RNA was degraded and biological activity was undetectable within approximately 2 days after application to soil, regardless of texture, pH, clay content and other soil differences. Furthermore, soil-incorporated DvSnf7 RNA was non-detectable in soil after 48 h, as measured by QuantiGene, at levels ranging more than two orders of magnitude (0.3, 1.5, 7.5 and 37.5 µg RNA/g soil). Results from this study indicate that the DvSnf7 dsRNA is unlikely to persist or accumulate in the environment. Furthermore, the rapid degradation of DvSnf7 dsRNA provides a basis to define relevant exposure scenarios for future RNA-based agricultural products.
Journal Article
Nickelodeon pandemonium! 1, Channeling fun
Collects eleven stories featuring the stars of Nickelodeon, including Sanjay and Craig, Pig, Boat, Banana, and Cricket, and Fee and Foo.
Book
Māori practitioner knowledge indicates a shift in forest fruit biomass and phenology over 75 years
Rapid alterations in plant and animal phenology driven by global climate change and rising temperatures can have far-reaching consequences for cultural and ecological systems. We documented changes, and mechanisms behind the changes, in fruit biomass and phenology in mixed podocarp-hardwood forests in the central North Island of New Zealand since the 1950s using the traditional knowledge (herein referred to as mātauranga) of Indigenous Māori (Tūhoe Tuawhenua and Ngāti Whare) forest practitioners. We also explored the likely cascading consequences of alterations in fruiting systems for forest frugivores, below-ground subsystems, local livelihoods, and language. Practitioners reported that the frequency of fruiting, crop size, and individual fruit size and quality declined significantly over the last 75 years, with the timing of fruit ripening often delayed by three months. A general warming trend, combined with less frequent and later frosts, and increased weather variability such as strong wind events, were identified as mechanisms that have impacted fruiting. Alterations in fruit biomass and phenology have also adversely impacted the body condition, breeding rates, and abundance of kererū | New Zealand pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) and feral pigs (Sus scrofa), two important food species for the community in the forest. Practitioner estimates of historic fruit inputs suggest that there were substantial nitrogen (N) returns to the below-ground subsystem from fruit that were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those reported from forest fruit fall elsewhere, and which are now severely reduced. The reduction in nutrient inputs and simple carbohydrates (e.g. sugars) in the fruit pulp to the soil is likely to have greatly impaired forest soil microbial activity, earthworm densities, and soil decomposition processes and rates, and ultimately the supply of soil nutrients for trees. Retention of mātauranga and nomenclature related to fruit are important for comprehension of past ecological states, and for future customary management goal setting and decision-making.
Journal Article
Nickelodeon pandemonium! 3, Receiving you loud and clear
\"Calling all Nickelodeon fans! Calling all Nickelodeon fans! All-new comics featuring Nickelodeon's craziest characters are here! Join the Breadwinners, Sanjay and Craig, Harvey Beaks, Pig, Goat, Banana, Cricket, and the residents of The Loud House as they cause all sorts of Pandemonium in true Nickelodeon style!\"-- Amazon.com.
Book
Issues Which Impact upon Marketing in the Small Firm
Defining the small firm is somewhat arbitrary as criteria used to classify entities as such include size, number of employees, sales volume, asset size, type of customer, capital requirements and market share. There is, however, general agreement that smallness and newness create specific difficulties for business. Furthermore, there is widespread acceptance of the notion that small firms typically possess certain characteristics, which serve to differentiate them from larger organisations. These characteristics include inherent weaknesses with respect to capitalisation and marketing awareness and practice. Small firms are perceived as vulnerable yet valuable entities, important both economically and socially. High failure rates of small firms are largely attributed to weaknesses in financial management and marketing. Many classical management concepts are unsuitable for application in a small firm context, with research suggesting non-implementation of theoretically based marketing practice is the rule rather than the exception in the small firm. This paper reviews issues pertaining to marketing practice in the small firm. It examines the absence of agreed definitions of \"the small firm\" and \"success\" or \"failure\" of such entities, offers definitions for these terms, acknowledges the importance of small firms to the economy, reviews small firm characteristics, acknowledges inherent weaknesses with regard to finance and marketing in small firms, reviews marketing practice in the context of small firm characteristics, and considers the roles of marketing educators and owner/managers in improving small firm's marketing practice.
Journal Article
American wild
American Wild: it can kill you, or exhilarate you. It's always there, a character in its own right in the great unfolding narrative of American writing. This issue of Granta is dedicated to stories of the wild, from MELINDA MOUSTAKIS on gutting fish in Alaska to CLAIRE VAYE WATKINS on a lost child in a dystopian California. Also: ANTHONY DOERR on a family of pioneers in Idaho, ADAM NICOLSON on tracking wolves in New Mexico and DAVID TREUER on cage fighting and his Ojibwe heritage.
BOOK
Professional risk and working with people : decision-making in health, social care and criminal justice
Professional Risk and Working with People provides advice on assessing and managing risks for all those employed to take risks with or on behalf of other people.
The authors explore issues of risk assessment and management that provides readers with a broad knowledge of risk practices that can be applied across a range of disciplines. They detail the benefits of risk as well as the potential harm and explain relevant legislation and concepts of negligence in clear and accessible language. Examples of risk policies, systems and effective judgement in managing complex risk decisions are also included.
In the current climate of blame and readiness to pursue legal action against professionals, this book will prove essential reading for all practitioners who come into contact with risk, including doctors and other health and care professionals, probation officers and social workers. Leaders of professional courses and their students will also find this an invaluable guide.
eBook