Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
27
result(s) for
"Cartwright, Shannon"
Sort by:
Sitka Rose
A rhyming tale about a gal named Rose who sets out to find adventure in Alaska, where she rides a whale to Nome, digs out the Yukon River, and builds mountains out of the gold nuggets she mines.
Book
Effect of in-vitro heat stress challenge on the function of blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle ranked as high, average and low immune responders
Background
The warming climate is causing livestock to experience heat stress at an increasing frequency. Holstein cows are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their high metabolic rate. Heat stress negatively affects immune function, particularly with respect to the cell-mediated immune response, which leads to increased susceptibility to disease. Cattle identified as having enhanced immune response have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of in vitro heat challenge on blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle, that had previously been ranked for immune response, in terms of heat shock protein 70 concentration, nitric oxide production, and cell proliferation.
Results
Blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle classified as high immune responders, based on their estimated breeding values for antibody and cell-mediated responses, produced a significantly greater concentration of heat shock protein 70 under most heat stress treatments compared to average and low responders, and greater cell-proliferation across all treatments. Similarly, a trend was observed where high responders displayed greater nitric oxide production compared to average and low responders across heat treatments.
Conclusion
Overall, these results suggest that blood mononuclear cells from high immune responder dairy cows are more thermotolerant compared to average and low immune responders.
Journal Article
Effect of In-vitro Heat Stress Challenge on the function of Blood Mononuclear Cells from Dairy Cattle ranked as High, Average and Low Immune Responders
The warming climate is causing livestock to experience heat stress at an increasing frequency. Holstein cows are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their high metabolic rate. Heat stress negatively affects immune function, particularly with respect to the cell-mediated immune response, which leads to increased susceptibility to disease. Cattle identified as having enhanced immune response have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of in vitro heat challenge on blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle, that had previously been ranked for immune response, in terms of heat shock protein 70 concentration, nitric oxide production, and cell proliferation. Bovine blood mononuclear cells, from Holstein dairy cattle previously ranked for immune response based on their estimated breeding values, were subjected to three heat treatments: thermoneutral, heat stress 1 and heat stress 2. Cells of each treatment were evaluated for heat shock protein 70, cell proliferation and nitric oxide production. Blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle classified as high immune responders, based on their estimated breeding values for antibody and cell-mediated responses, produced a significantly greater concentration of heat shock protein 70 under most heat stress treatments compared to average and low responders, and greater cell-proliferation across all treatments. Similarly, a trend was observed where high responders displayed greater nitric oxide production compared to average and low responders across heat treatments. Overall, these results suggest that blood mononuclear cells from high immune responder dairy cows are more thermotolerant compared to average and low immune responders
Paper
Comparative population genomics of maize domestication and improvement
Jeff Ross-Ibarra and colleagues report a population genomic analysis of maize evolution. They analyze genome-wide evidence for selection during the initial domestication of wild maize and during the improvement of landraces to modern inbred breeds. Their findings suggest stronger selection during domestication compared to improvement.
Domestication and plant breeding are ongoing 10,000-year-old evolutionary experiments that have radically altered wild species to meet human needs. Maize has undergone a particularly striking transformation. Researchers have sought for decades to identify the genes underlying maize evolution
1
,
2
, but these efforts have been limited in scope. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of modern maize based on the genome-wide resequencing of 75 wild, landrace and improved maize lines
3
. We find evidence of recovery of diversity after domestication, likely introgression from wild relatives, and evidence for stronger selection during domestication than improvement. We identify a number of genes with stronger signals of selection than those previously shown to underlie major morphological changes
4
,
5
. Finally, through transcriptome-wide analysis of gene expression, we find evidence both consistent with removal of
cis
-acting variation during maize domestication and improvement and suggestive of modern breeding having increased dominance in expression while targeting highly expressed genes.
Journal Article