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Peduncle Necking in Rosa hybrida Induces Stress-Related Transcription Factors, Upregulates Galactose Metabolism, and Downregulates Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Genes
Roses are highly valued as cut flowers worldwide but have limited vase life. Peduncle bending “bent neck” or “necking” is a major cause of reduced vase life, especially in some cultivars. Necking is thought to be caused by either an air embolism or accumulation of microorganisms at or within the stem end, blocking the xylem vessels and preventing water uptake. However, the underlying mechanisms of necking are poorly understood. Here, RNAseq analysis was applied to compare gene expression across three stages of peduncle necking (straight, <90°, and >90°), in the necking-susceptible Rosa hybrida cultivar H30. Most gene expression change was later in bending and there was, overall, more downregulation than upregulation of gene expression during necking. Photosynthetic, starch, and lignin biosynthesis genes were all downregulated, while genes associated with galactose metabolism, producing raffinose and trehalose that are both related to osmoprotection, were upregulated. Genes associated with starch breakdown, autophagy, and senescence were also upregulated, as were most of the NAC and WRKY transcription factors, involved in stress and senescence regulation. Microscopy showed a cellular collapse in the peduncle. These data support a possible mechanism, whereby a reduction in water transport leads to a cellular collapse in the peduncle, accompanied by upregulation of senescence and drought responses.
Journal Article
The everlasting people : G.K. Chesterton and the First Nations
\"How might the life and work of Christian writer G. K. Chesterton shed light on our understanding of North American Indigenous art and history? In these discerning reflections, art historian Matthew Milliner appeals to Chesterton's life and work in order to understand and appreciate both Indigenous art and the complex, often tragic history of First Nations peoples\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Senescence in dahlia flowers is regulated by a complex interplay between flower age and floret position
Mechanisms regulating flower senescence are not fully understood in any species and are particularly complex in composite flowers. Dahlia ( Dahlia pinnata Cav.) florets develop sequentially, hence each composite flower head includes florets of different developmental stages as the whole flower head ages. Moreover, the wide range of available cultivars enables assessment of intraspecific variation. Transcriptomes were compared amongst inner (younger) and outer (older) florets of two flower head ages to assess the effect of floret vs. flower head ageing. More gene expression, including ethylene and cytokinin pathway expression changed between inner and outer florets of older flower heads than between inner florets of younger and older flower heads. Additionally, based on Arabidopsis network analysis, different patterns of co-expressed ethylene response genes were elicited. This suggests that changes occur in young inner florets as the whole flower head ages that are different to ageing florets within a flower head. In some species floral senescence is orchestrated by the plant growth regulator ethylene. However, there is both inter and intra-species variation in its importance. There is a lack of conclusive data regarding ethylene sensitivity in dahlia. Speed of senescence progression, effects of ethylene signalling perturbation, and patterns of ethylene biosynthesis gene expression differed across three dahlia cultivars (‘Sylvia’, ‘Karma Prospero’ and ‘Onesta’) suggesting differences in the role of ethylene in their floral senescence, while effects of exogenous cytokinin were less cultivar-specific.
Journal Article
A Haitian-Cuban Supercentenarian
Abstract
This article analyzes the repetitive stories that Cuban journalists, community members, and others have told about Emilio Duanes Duvarcer, the Haitian who migrated to Cuba in his youth and allegedly lived to be 120 years old. Although underemphasized by international journalists, Duanes's Haitian birth and history of migration were crucial to his claim of longevity, since they were responsible for the archival and cultural conditions that made his claim plausible and impossible to (dis)prove. However, the appeal of his story required transforming him into a Cuban through journalistic repetitions and statements, symbolically linking him to canonical moments in Cuban history. By analyzing repeated stories, their variations, and their slippages, this article provides insights into the racism that continues to affect Blacks and immigrant descendants in Cuba-not to mention efforts to challenge these stereotypes. It ends with reflections about which stories and identities are highlighted in Cuba's burgeoning digital media landscape and which are overcrowded by traditional repetitions of Cuban revolutionary nationalism.
Journal Article
A Haitian-Cuban Supercentenarian
This article analyzes the repetitive stories that Cuban journalists, community members, and others have told about Emilio Duanes Duvarcer, the Haitian who migrated to Cuba in his youth and allegedly lived to be 120 years old. Although underemphasized by international journalists, Duanes’s Haitian birth and history of migration were crucial to his claim of longevity, since they were responsible for the archival and cultural conditions that made his claim plausible and impossible to (dis)prove. However, the appeal of his story required transforming him into a Cuban through journalistic repetitions and statements, symbolically linking him to canonical moments in Cuban history. By analyzing repeated stories, their variations, and their slippages, this article provides insights into the racism that continues to affect Blacks and immigrant descendants in Cuba—not to mention efforts to challenge these stereotypes. It ends with reflections about which stories and identities are highlighted in Cuba’s burgeoning digital media landscape and which are overcrowded by traditional repetitions of Cuban revolutionary nationalism.
Journal Article
Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Reverses Multiple Drug Resistant Cancer in a Canine Model of Multiple Drug Resistant Lymphoma
Like humans, canine lymphomas are treated by chemotherapy cocktails and frequently develop multiple drug resistance (MDR). Their shortened clinical timelines and tumor accessibility make canines excellent models to study MDR mechanisms. Insulin-sensitizers have been shown to reduce the incidence of cancer in humans prescribed them, and we previously demonstrated that they also reverse and delay MDR development in vitro. Here, we treated canines with MDR lymphoma with metformin to assess clinical and tumoral responses, including changes in MDR biomarkers, and used mRNA microarrays to determine differential gene expression. Metformin reduced MDR protein markers in all canines in the study. Microarrays performed on mRNAs gathered through longitudinal tumor sampling identified a 290 gene set that was enriched in Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) substrates and additional mRNAs associated with slowed mitotic progression in MDR samples compared to skin controls. mRNAs from a canine that went into remission showed that APC substrate mRNAs were decreased, indicating that the APC was activated during remission. In vitro validation using canine lymphoma cells selected for resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs confirmed that APC activation restored MDR chemosensitivity, and that APC activity was reduced in MDR cells. This supports the idea that rapidly pushing MDR cells that harbor high loads of chromosome instability through mitosis, by activating the APC, contributes to improved survival and disease-free duration.
Journal Article
Striving to be the fittest: quantitative P2/N95 respirator fit test results among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic
To provide fit rates for specific P2/N95 respirators and compare these results by age, sex, clean-shaven status, and fit tester experience.
Exploratory audit involving secondary analysis of existing quantitative fit testing data.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare services across Australia implemented respiratory protection protocols. This study details healthcare workers' (HCWs) fit testing results from a large Victorian public health service.
Fit-tested employees of a large tertiary public health network.
Fit rates for ten individual P2/N95 respirators were calculated, and the effect of age, sex, clean-shaven status, and fit tester experience was examined via logistic regression.
4593 employees were included, with 97.98% successfully fitting at least one respirator. Males were found to have significantly increased odds of achieving fit success compared to females (OR 11.61 95%CI 1.60-84.10). Fit rates dropped by 4% with each 1-year age increase (OR 0.96 95%CI 0.94-0.98). Clean-shaven individuals were also more likely to achieve a fit compared to non-clean-shaved individuals (OR 79.23 95%CI 10.21-614.62). More experienced fit testers also yielded significantly higher fit rates (OR 3.95, 95%CI 2.34-6.67).
98% of staff achieved a successful fitting of at least one respirator, with three-panel flat fold models (Industree Trident, 3M Aura 9320A+, and 3M Aura 1870+) performing the most consistently. An individual's ability to achieve a successful fit was associated with; male sex, younger age, clean-shaven status, and fit tester experience.
Journal Article
Haitians’ Labor and Leisure on Cuban Sugar Plantations: The Limits of Company Control
This article challenges the common notion that Cuban sugar companies controlled the labor and social relations of Haitian immigrant laborers fully and without challenge during the first half of the 20th century. It begins by showing the way that Cuban newspapers and sugar company administrators projected an image of Haitians as a homogenous group of powerless, culturally isolated cane cutters who were separated from other groups through an idealized labor hierarchy. Then it details Haitians’ laboring lives on Cuban sugar plantations to demonstrate three things. First, that Haitians participated in other aspects of sugar production, including skilled positions within centrales. Second, that cane cutters themselves were divided by their skill levels and (in)formal hierarchies. Third, that Haitians worked alongside individuals of other nationalities in both sugar fields and the mills where cane was processed. The essay ends by analyzing Haitians’ attempts to carve out autonomy in their work and leisure hours by exerting control over their labor and creating various types of commercial and social networks with individuals of other nationalities on plantations.
Journal Article