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What can a focus on intimacies and affinities between radical immigrants in Ireland and their Irish counterparts tell us about the transnational scope of the global Irish revolution? This article answers this question through the lives of Rose MacKenna, an Irish playwright and socialist, and her husband Sidney Arnold, a Latvian literary translator. The activist career of this obscure Irish-Latvian couple took them from revolutionary Dublin in the wake of the Easter Rising to Petrograd in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. This article argues that MacKenna and Arnold, by virtue of their obscurity and marginality, rather than in spite of it, can suggest the sources and methodologies required to uncover the transnational world of Ireland's radical intelligentsia.

A new 'life' of Jesus written by one of the outstanding scholars of his generation, it offers a complete resource on the 'Historical Jesus' debate. With an overview of the various positions taken on who the historical Jesus was, Casey provides a helpful and accessible tool for understanding how the historical Jesus has been received and understood, with attention paid to the contortions in evidence in the last century to prove that Jesus was not Jewish.

The opening chapter surveys the history of scholarship regarding the problematic use of the phrase 'son of man' in the New Testament. It also explains why this problem could not be solved until recently. Casey then presents the relevant Aramaic evidence. He offers a careful discussion of the use of the Aramaic term 'son of man' in the light of over 30 examples of the use of this term by speakers who are referring to themselves. Chapters 4-9 discuss authentic examples of this idiom in the teaching of Jesus, with Aramaic reconstructions of each saying. All but one of these sayings is found in Mark or 'Q'. There is then a full discussion of secondary sayings in the Synoptic Gospels. The first ones dependent on Daniel 7.13 belong to the earliest Gospel, which also contains the results of translating genuine sayings of Jesus from Aramaic into Greek. There is a discussion of the transition process between authentic Aramaic sayings of Jesus and Greek 'son of man' sayings in the synoptic Gospels. This argument builds on work in the field of translation studies, and the work of ancient translators, especially of the Septuagint. Casey argues that Gospel translators deliberately translated both literally and creatively to produce a new Christological title. It is this tradition that is evident in the Fourth Gospel: its 'son of man' sayings fit perfectly into Johannine theology. The final chapter draws together a complete solution to this difficult problem.ÂÂ.

This 1999 book was the first to use all the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls to reconstruct original Aramaic sources from parts of Mark's Gospel. The scrolls enabled the author to revolutionize the methodology of such work, and to reconstruct whole passages which he interpreted in their original cultural context. The passages from which sources are reconstructed are Mark 9.11-13; 2.23-3.6; 10.35-45; and 14.12-26. A detailed discussion of each passage is offered, demonstrating that these sources are completely accurate accounts from the ministry of Jesus, from early sabbath disputes to his final Passover. An account of the translation process is given, showing how problems in Mark's text arose from the difficulty of translating some Aramaic expressions into Greek, including the notoriously difficult 'son of man'. A very early date for these sources is proposed, implying a date of c. 40 CE for Mark's Gospel.

This is the first book to examine the Aramaic dimension of Q since the Aramaic Dead Sea scrolls made such work more feasible. Maurice Casey gives a detailed examination of key passages in Matthew and Luke's gospels, demonstrating that they used two different Greek translations of an Aramaic source, which can be reconstructed. He overturns the conventional model of Q as a single Greek document, and shows that Jesus said everything in the original Aramaic source. Further analysis of other gospel passages shows the evangelists editing a Greek translation of an Aramaic source. On one, it can be shown that Mark utilises a different Aramaic source. A complex model of Q is thus proposed. Casey argues that Aramaic sources behind part of Q are of extremely early date, and should contribute significantly to the quest for the historical Jesus.

This thesis is a transnational political history of Irish women who proceeded from the suffrage campaign into the networks of interwar radical internationalism, grounded in the personal relationships and spatial contexts which shaped their careers. The project provides a detailed analysis of Irish women’s engagement with internationalist movements such as international communism and antifascism. Adopting an inclusive definition of Irishness, activists born in Ireland are included in the study alongside those with Irish ancestry who identified with Irish political causes later in their careers. Figures prominent in the analysis include Charlotte Despard (1844-1939), Katherine Gillett Gatty (1870-1952), May O’Callaghan (1881-1973) and Hanna Sheehy Skeffington (1877-1946). The thesis offers a history of the Irish left that expands its focus beyond the island of Ireland, encompassing activism in locations such as East London during the First World War, Moscow in the late 1920s and continental European antifascist networks. In doing so, it offers insights into a broad spectrum of Irish radicals and their international counterparts. The thesis demonstrates how a focus in the historiography of the Irish radical left on prominent socialist republican figures and organisations has marginalised women and obscured revealing case studies. Challenging a tendency in British and Irish women’s history to consider women’s internationalism as synonymous with liberal internationalism, my approach explores how radical communist-inspired internationalism influenced many activist women during this period. Responding to recent methodological insights in histories of international communism, particularly a turn towards transnational and biographical approaches, my project demonstrates how looking beyond formal Communist Party members can highlight hitherto obscure activists involved in Irish leftist groups and in the Comintern. Exploring a diverse set of Irish radical women alongside their comrades, this thesis ultimately argues that their profoundly transnational post-suffrage careers were sustained by connections to the initiatives and comradeships fostered by radical internationalism.

Casey reviews Gay and Lesbian Activism in the Republic of Ireland, 1973-93 by Patrick McDonagh.

At the heart of the difficulty that traditional exegetes have with Mark 9: 11-13 is the \"Son of man\" saying at Mark 9: 12. In defence of a thesis of his own published previously, Casey argues a particular linguistic point over the existence of, or rather lack of, an Aramaic equivalent for the Greek ^Dd^De^Di, and clarifies the appropriate methodology for assessing and using Aramaic linguistic evidence.