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The results obtained with the total exposure of 1.04 ton × yr collected by DAMA/LIBRA-phase1 deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the I.N.F.N. during 7 annual cycles are summarized. The DAMA/LIBRA-phase1 and the former DAMA/NaI data (cumulative exposure 1.33 ton × yr, corresponding to 14 annual cycles) give evidence at 9.3 σ C.L. for the presence of Dark Matter (DM) particles in the galactic halo, on the basis of the exploited model independent DM annual modulation signature by using highly radiopure NaI(Tl) target. The modulation amplitude of the single-hit events in the (2–6) keV energy interval is 0.0112±0.0012 cpd/kg/keV; the measured phase is 144±7 days and the measured period is 0.998±0.002 yr; values are in a good well in agreement with those expected for DM particles. No systematic or side reactions able to mimic the exploited DM signature have been found or suggested by anyone over more than a decade. Some of the perspectives of the presently running DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 are outlined.

The magnetic-field conditions in astrophysical relativistic jets can be probed by multiwavelength polarimetry, which has been recently extended to X-rays. For example, one can track how the magnetic field changes in the flow of the radiating particles by observing rotations of the electric vector position angle Ψ. Here we report the discovery of a ΨX rotation in the X-ray band in the blazar Markarian 421 at an average flux state. Across the 5 days of Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observations on 4–6 and 7–9 June 2022, ΨX rotated in total by ≥360°. Over the two respective date ranges, we find constant, within uncertainties, rotation rates (80 ± 9° per day and 91 ± 8° per day) and polarization degrees (ΠX = 10% ± 1%). Simulations of a random walk of the polarization vector indicate that it is unlikely that such rotation(s) are produced by a stochastic process. The X-ray-emitting site does not completely overlap the radio, infrared and optical emission sites, as no similar rotation of Ψ was observed in quasi-simultaneous data at longer wavelengths. We propose that the observed rotation was caused by a helical magnetic structure in the jet, illuminated in the X-rays by a localized shock propagating along this helix. The optically emitting region probably lies in a sheath surrounding an inner spine where the X-ray radiation is released.In June 2022, the IXPE satellite observed a shock passing through the jet of active galaxy Markarian 421. The rotation of the X-ray-polarized radiation over a 5-day period revealed that the jet contains a helical magnetic field.

The GINGER project is based on ring lasers and is under construction at the underground Gran Sasso laboratories, as part of the underground geophysical observatory of Gran Sasso (UGGS). Large frame ring lasers are top sensitivity instruments to measure angular rotation rate, in particular when attached to the Earth crust they can measure with very high precision the Earth angular velocity. This kind of measurements when the precision is of the order of 1 part in 10 9 , are certainly relevant for geophysics and geodesy, for instance to measure the fast variation of the length of Day (LoD), but are also relevant for fundamental physics, since are affected by de Sitter and Lense-Thirring effects and can be used to investigate Lorentz’s violations. Ring lasers ensure long-term continuous operation with record sensitivity. The limit of 1 part in 10 9 of the Earth’s rotation rate has already been demonstrated, and recent sensitivity study has shown that the ring laser shot noise limit is at least a factor 10 better than expected. GINGER and its status report will be described.

The study of local deformations is a hot topic in geodesy. Local rotations of the crust around the vertical axis can be caused by deformations. In the Gran Sasso area, the ring laser gyroscope GINGERINO and the GNSS array are operative. One year of data of GINGERINO is compared with the ones from the GNSS stations, homogeneously selected around the position of GINGERINO, aiming at looking for rotational signals with period of days common to both systems. At that purpose the rotational component of the area circumscribed by the GNSS stations has been evaluated and compared with the GINGERINO data. The coherences between the signals show structures that even exceed 60% coherence over the 6–60 days period; this unprecedented analysis is validated by two different methods that evaluate the local rotation using the GNSS stations. The analysis reveals that the shared rotational signal’s amplitude in both instruments is approximately 10 −13  rad/s, an order of magnitude lower than the amplitudes of the signals examined. The comparison of the ring laser data with GNSS antennas provides evidence of the validity of the ring laser data for very low frequency investigation, essential for fundamental physics test.

With the specialization of VLSI ASICs for front-end signal processing electronics, the customization of the control back-end electronics (BEE) has become critical to fully deploy the ASIC performance. In the context of space operations, with typical constraints on power and reliability, the design and qualification of such integrated systems present significant challenges. In this paper, we review the design and performance of the BEE systems after two years of operations in low Earth orbit (LEO); these systems read out the custom ASICs inside the gas pixel detectors, which are located at the heart of the imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer (IXPE), a NASA-ASI small explorer mission designed to measure X-ray polarization in the 2–8 keV energy range.

Objetivo: Analisar a relação da prática de atividade física e do estado nutricional com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico, transversal, amostra por conveniência, amostra de 367 mulheres idosas (60 anos ou mais) das cidades de Presidente Prudente-SP e Uberaba-MG, entre outubro/2010 e agosto/2012. Para identificação das DCNT, utilizou-se um questionário baseado no Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ), o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), para avaliar o nível de atividade física e as variáveis antropométricas para o estado nutricional. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para verificar a associação entre o nível de atividade física, segundo estado nutricional e presença de doenças cardiometabólicas, e regressão logística binária para testar a magnitude dessas associações. Resultados: Houve fator de proteção contra a hipertensão para as mulheres consideradas eutróficas ativas (p=0,024) e eutróficas sedentárias (p=0,032) quando comparadas ao grupo de risco (sedentárias e com sobrepeso/obesidade), porém o mesmo não foi observado nas com excesso de peso e consideradas ativas fisicamente (p=0,734). Houve associação positiva entre as idosas eutróficas sedentárias (p=0,047) em relação ao risco para colesterol. Quando observado, o diabetes não obteve associação em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: A atividade física não foi considerada como fator de proteção para hipercolesterolemia, diabetes e hipertensão, possivelmente por causa da causalidade reversa, pois, a partir do diagnóstico da doença, essas mulheres, antes sedentárias, iniciaram a prática de atividade física, contribuindo para esses resultados.

Objective: To analyze the association of regular physical activity and nutritional status with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in elderly women. Methods: This is an observational and analytical cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of 367 elderly women (60 and over) from the cities of Presidente Prudente, SP and Uberaba, MG, between October/2010 and August/2012. NCDs were identified using a questionnaire based on the Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity and anthropometric variables were used to assess the nutritional status. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test to verify associations between physical activity level, according to nutritional status, and the presence of cardiometabolic diseases, and binary logistic regression to test the magnitude of these associations. Results: There was a protective factor against hypertension in active eutrophic women (p=0.024) and sedentary eutrophic women (p=0.032) when compared to the risk group (sedentary and overweight/obese women); however, this was not observed in physically active women with excess weight (p=0.734). There was a positive association between sedentary eutrophic elderly women (p=0.047) and the risk of cholesterol. None of the groups were associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Physical activity was not considered a protective factor for hypercholesterolemia, diabetes or hypertension, possibly due to reverse causality given that sedentary women started the physical activity after the diagnosis of the disease, which contributed to these results. Objetivo:Analisar a relação da prática de atividade física e do estado nutricional com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico, transversal, amostra por conveniência, amostra de 367 mulheres idosas (60 anos ou mais) das cidades de Presidente Prudente-SP e Uberaba-MG, entre outubro/2010 e agosto/2012. Para identificação das DCNT, utilizou-se um questionário baseado no Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ), o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), para avaliar o nível de atividade física e as variáveis antropométricas para o estado nutricional. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para verificar a associação entre o nível de atividade física, segundo estado nutricional e presença de doenças cardiometabólicas, e regressão logística binária para testar a magnitude dessas associações. Resultados:Houve fator de proteção contra a hipertensão para as mulheres consideradas eutróficas ativas (p=0,024) e eutróficas sedentárias (p=0,032) quando comparadas ao grupo de risco (sedentárias e com sobrepeso/obesidade), porém o mesmo não foi observado nas com excesso de peso e consideradas ativas fisicamente (p=0,734). Houve associação positiva entre as idosas eutróficas sedentárias (p=0,047) em relação ao risco para colesterol. Quando observado, o diabetes não obteve associação em nenhum dos grupos.Conclusão:A atividade física não foi considerada como fator de proteção para hipercolesterolemia, diabetes e hipertensão, possivelmente por causa da causalidade reversa, pois, a partir do diagnóstico da doença, essas mulheres, antes sedentárias, iniciaram a prática de atividade física, contribuindo para esses resultados. Objetivo:Analizar la relación de la práctica de actividad física y el estado nutricional con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en mujeres mayores. Métodos:Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal de muestreo por conveniencia y muestra de 367 mujeres mayores (60 años o más) de las ciudades de Presidente Prudente-SP y Uberaba-MG, entre octubre/2010 y agosto/2012. Se utilizó un cuestionario basado en el Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ) para la identificación de las ECNT, el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) para evaluar el nivel de actividad física y las variables antropométricas para evaluar el estado nutricional. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para verificar la asociación del nivel de actividad física según el estado nutricional y la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabolicas y la regresión logística binaria para testar la magnitud de estas asociaciones. Resultados: Se encontró un factor de protección contra la hipertensión para las mujeres consideradas eutróficas activas (p=0,024) y eutróficas sedentarias (p=0,032) al comparar con el grupo de riesgo (sedentarias y con sobrepeso/obesidad), sin embargo lo mismo no se ha observado en aquellas con exceso de peso consideradas físicamente activas (p=0,734). Hubo asociación positiva entre las mujeres mayores eutróficas sedentarias (p=0,047) y el riesgo de colesterol. No hubo asociación de la diabetes en ningún de los grupos.Conclusión:La actividad física no ha sido considerada como factor de protección para la hipercolesterolemia, la diabetes y la hipertensión, posiblemente debido la causalidad reversa, pues a partir del diagnóstico de la enfermedad estas mujeres, que antes eran sedentarias, empezaron la práctica de actividad física, contribuyendo con estos resultados.

Objective: To analyze the association of regular physical activity and nutritional status with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in elderly women. Methods: Observational and analytical cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of 367 elderly women (60 and over) from the cities of Presidente Prudente, SP and Uberaba, MG, between October/2010 and August/2012. NCDs were identified using a questionnaire based on the Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity and anthropometric variables were used to assess the nutritional status. Statistical analysis included the chi-squared test to check for association between physical activity level, according to nutritional status, and the presence of cardiometabolic diseases, and binary logistic regression to test the magnitude of these associations. Results: There was a protective factor against hypertension in active eutrophic women (p=0.024) and sedentary eutrophic women (p=0.032) when compared to the risk group (sedentary and overweight/obesity women); however, this was not observed in physically active overweight women (p=0.734). There was a positive association between sedentary eutrophic elderly women (p=0.047) and the risk for cholesterol. None of the groups were associated with diabetes. Conclusion:Physical activity was not considered a protective factor for hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hypertension, possibly because of reverse causality given that sedentary women started physical activity after the diagnosis of the disease, which contributed to these results. Objetivo: Analisar a relação da prática de atividade física e do estado nutricional com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico, transversal, amostra por conveniência, amostra de 367 mulheres idosas (60 anos ou mais) das cidades de Presidente Prudente-SP e Uberaba-MG, entre outubro/2010 e agosto/2012. Para identificação das DCNT, utilizou-se um questionário baseado no Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ), o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), para avaliar o nível de atividade física e as variáveis antropométricas para o estado nutricional. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para verificar a associação entre o nível de atividade física, segundo estado nutricional e presença de doenças cardiometabólicas, e regressão logística binária para testar a magnitude dessas associações. Resultados: Houve fator de proteção contra a hipertensão para as mulheres consideradas eutróficas ativas (p=0,024) e eutróficas sedentárias (p=0,032) quando comparadas ao grupo de risco (sedentárias e com sobrepeso/obesidade), porém o mesmo não foi observado nas com excesso de peso e consideradas ativas fisicamente (p=0,734). Houve associação positiva entre as idosas eutróficas sedentárias (p=0,047) em relação ao risco para colesterol. Quando observado, o diabetes não obteve associação em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: A atividade física não foi considerada como fator de proteção para hipercolesterolemia, diabetes e hipertensão, possivelmente por causa da causalidade reversa, pois, a partir do diagnóstico da doença, essas mulheres, antes sedentárias, iniciaram a prática de atividade física, contribuindo para esses resultados. Objetivo: Analizar la relación de la práctica de actividad física y el estado nutricional con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en mujeres mayores. Métodos:Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal de muestreo por conveniencia y muestra de 367 mujeres mayores (60 años o más) de las ciudades de Presidente Prudente-SP y Uberaba-MG, entre octubre/2010 y agosto/2012. Se utilizó un cuestionario basado en el Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ) para la identificación de las ECNT, el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) para evaluar el nivel de actividad física y las variables antropométricas para evaluar el estado nutricional. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para verificar la asociación del nivel de actividad física según el estado nutricional y la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabolicas y la regresión logística binaria para testar la magnitud de estas asociaciones. Resultados: Se encontró un factor de protección contra la hipertensión para las mujeres consideradas eutróficas activas (p=0,024) y eutróficas sedentarias (p=0,032) al comparar con el grupo de riesgo (sedentarias y con sobrepeso/obesidad), sin embargo lo mismo no se ha observado en aquellas con exceso de peso consideradas físicamente activas (p=0,734). Hubo asociación positiva entre las mujeres mayores eutróficas sedentarias (p=0,047) y el riesgo de colesterol. No hubo asociación de la diabetes en ningún de los grupos. Conclusión: La actividad física no ha sido considerada como factor de protección para la hipercolesterolemia, la diabetes y la hipertensión, posiblemente debido la causalidad reversa, pues a partir del diagnóstico de la enfermedad estas mujeres, que antes eran sedentarias, empezaron la práctica de actividad física, contribuyendo con estos resultados.

Objective: To analyze the association of regular physical activity and nutritional status with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in elderly women. Methods: Observational and analytical cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of 367 elderly women (60 and over) from the cities of Presidente Prudente, SP and Uberaba, MG, between October/2010 and August/2012. NCDs were identified using a questionnaire based on the Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity and anthropometric variables were used to assess the nutritional status. Statistical analysis included the chi-squared test to check for association between physical activity level, according to nutritional status, and the presence of cardiometabolic diseases, and binary logistic regression to test the magnitude of these associations. Results: There was a protective factor against hypertension in active eutrophic women (p=0.024) and sedentary eutrophic women (p=0.032) when compared to the risk group (sedentary and overweight/obesity women); however, this was not observed in physically active overweight women (p=0.734). There was a positive association between sedentary eutrophic elderly women (p=0.047) and the risk for cholesterol. None of the groups were associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Physical activity was not considered a protective factor for hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hypertension, possibly because of reverse causality given that sedentary women started physical activity after the diagnosis of the disease, which contributed to these results.

The study of local deformations is a hot topic in geodesy. Local rotations of the crust around the vertical axis can be caused by deformations. In the Gran Sasso area the ring laser gyroscope GINGERINO and the GNSS array are operative. One year of data of GINGERINO is compared with the ones from the GNSS stations, homogeneously selected around the position of GINGERINO, aiming at looking for rotational signals with period of days common to both systems. At that purpose the rotational component of the area circumscribed by the GNSS stations has been evaluated and compared with the GINGERINO data. The coherences between the signals show structures that even exceed 60\\(\\%\\) coherence over the 6-60 days period; this unprecedented analysis is validated by two different methods that evaluate the local rotation using the GNSS stations. The analysis reveals that the shared rotational signal's amplitude in both instruments is approximately \\(10^{-13} rad/s\\), an order of magnitude lower than the amplitudes of the signals examined using the coherence method. The comparison of the ring laser data with GNSS antennas provides evidence of the validity of the ring laser data for very low frequency investigation, essential for fundamental physics test.