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Purpose Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, according to GLOBOCAN 2022. Lymph node metastasis is a well-recognized prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. While the relationship between ABO blood group, Rhesus (Rh) type, and lymphatic spread has been studied in other gastrointestinal tumors, limited research exists on colorectal cancer. This study primarily aimed to investigate the association between lymph node metastasis and ABO blood group, as well as the relationship between microsatellite instability (MSI) and ABO blood group. Methods . A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted, including all patients who underwent elective colorectal resections with curative intent for malignant colorectal tumors between March 2017 and March 2023. Eligible patients had documented ABO blood group and Rh type, along with pathology reports from surgical specimens. Results . The study included 270 patients, with a median age of 74.5 years-old. The cohort was predominantly female (50.4%). Lymph node metastasis was observed in 156 patients (57.7%). A binary logistic regression model identified factors associated with lymphatic spread: rectal tumor location (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.14–15.60), poorly differentiated tumors (OR: 6.84, 95% CI: 1.37–53.80), invasion depth T3 (OR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.72–16.90) and T4 (OR: 16.20, 95% CI: 4.78–65.60), and extramural vein invasion (OR: 7.17, 95% CI: 1.37–53.80). Notably, the AB blood group (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01–0.65) was associated with a lower likelihood of lymph node metastasis, suggesting a potential protective effect. A separate binary logistic regression analysis evaluating factors related to MSI found no statistically significant associations, including for ABO blood group and Rh antigen. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the AB blood group is associated with a reduced likelihood of lymph node metastasis compared to other blood groups. However, the existing literature on the relationship between blood group and lymph node metastasis is inconsistent. Further research is necessary to clarify the prognostic role of ABO blood group in colorectal cancer.

Dans la masse des problèmes de tous genres que soulèvent les déplacements de population, il en est un qui devrait avoir priorité, c'est celui de l'étude des effets purement démographiques qu'entraînent les migrations. Les changements dans la distribution spatiale d'une population ont nécessairement des conséquences démographiques: des mariages sont retardés, des couples sont souvent séparés, leur fécondité est réduite, des altérations se produisent dans les distributions des âges du fait que les flux de migrants diffèrent toujours en structure des populations de départ ou d'arrivée, etc... Ces problèmes sont cependant assez mal connus, soit parce qu'on se trouve en présence d'un phénomène complexe où de très nombreux facteurs entrent en jeu, soit parce que l'observation est difficile, étant nécessairement ex-post facto. D'où l'idée d'imaginer une situation simplifiée, ne conservant que certains facteurs, et d'examiner quelles sont les conséquences dans cette construction abstraite, mais parfaitement connue, du phénomène que l'on étudie. C'est la méthode des modèles, de plus en plus utilisée dans les sciences sociales, et dont il est fait ici une application. Ce travail a été réalisé au Centre latino-américain de démographie de Santiago du Chili par M. Léon Tabah, expert des Nations Unies et M. Alberto Cataldi, ex-boursier de ce Centre, actuellement expert des Nations Unies au Pérou. /// En la masa de problemas de todo tipo que promueven los desplazamientos de población, existe uno que debiera tener prioridad y que es el del estudio de los efectos puramente demográficos que ocasionan las migraciones. Los cambios en la distribución espacial de una población tienen necesariamente consecuencias demográficas: los casamientos se aplazan, los matrimonios son separados frecuentemente - y por tanto su fecundidad se ve reducida --, se producen alteraciones en su distribución por edades, por el hecho de que los flujos de migrantes difieren siempre en estructura de las poblaciones de partida o de llegada, etc. Sin embargo, estos problemas son bastante mal conocidos, sea porque nos encontremos en presencia de un fenómeno complejo en el que numerosísimos factores entran en juego, sea porque la observación es difícil, al ser necesariamente ex-post facto. De aquí la idea de imaginar una situación simplificada, no reteniendo mas que ciertos factores, y de observar cuáles son las consecuencias en esta construcción abstracta, pero perfectamente conocida, del fenómeno que se estudia. Es el método de los modelos, cada vez más utilizado en las ciencias sociales, y del que se hace aquí une aplicación. Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el Centro Latino-americano de Demografía de Santiago de Chile por el Sr. Leon Tabah, experto de las Naciones Unidas, y el Sr. Alberto Cataldi ex-becario de las Naciones Unidas en este Centro y actualmente experto de las Naciones Unidas en el Perú. /// Among the wide number of problems of all kinds raised by population migrations, one ought to be studied by priority: the study of merely demographic results of migrations. Changes in the spatial distribution of a population lead necessarily to demographic consequences: marriages have been delayed, couples are separated, their fertility is reduced, modifications occur in age distribution as the age structure of the migrants' flow always differs of the age structure of the population the migrants have left behind or where they are going to. Still, such problems are not very well known, either because a very large number of factors are to be taken into account in such a phenomenon, or because observation itself is made difficult, as necessarily, it is ex-post facto. Hence the idea of contriving a simplified situation where only a few factors are retained and of examining which are the consequences of the observed phenomenon in such a theoric but perfectly well known conception. The model method applied here is more and more widely used in sociological sciences. This work has been carried through at the Latino-American Demographic Center in Santiago, Chile, by Mr. Léon Tabah, United Nations Expert, and by Mr. Alberto Cataldi, who was given a grant for this Center by the United-Nations, and who is presently a United-Nations Expert in Peru.

Leon Tabah y Alberto Cataldi. — Efectos de una inmigracion en algunas poblaciones modelo. En la masa de problemas de todo tipo que promueven los desplazamientos de población, existe uno que debiera tener prioridad y que es el del estudio de los efectos puramente demográficos que ocasionan las migraciones. Los cambios en la distribution espacial de una población tienen necesariamente consecuencias demográficas : los casamientos se aplazan, los matrimonios son separados frecuentemente - y por tanto su fecundidad se ve reducida —, se producen alteraciones en su distribution por edades, por el hecho de que los flujos de migrantes difieren siempre en estructura de las poblaciones de partida о de Uegada, etc. Sin embargo, estos problemas son bastante mal conocidos, sea porque nos encontremos en presencia de un fenómeno complejo en el que numerosisimos factores entran en juego, sea porque la observation es dificil, al ser necesariamente ex-post facto. De aqui la idea de imaginar una situation simplificada, no reteniendo mas que ciertos factores, y de observar cuáles son las consecuencias en esta construction abstracta, pero perfectamente conocida, del fenómeno que se estudia. Es el método de los modelos, cadavez más utilizado en las ciencias sociales, y del que se hace aqui une aplicación. Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el Centro Latino-americano de Demografía de Santiago de Chile рог el Sr. Leon Tabah, experto de las Naciones Unidas, y el Sr. Alberto Cataldi ex-becario de las Naciones Unidas en este Centro y actualmente experto de las Naciones Unidas en el Peru. Dans la masse des problèmes de tous genres que soulèvent les déplacements de population, il en est un qui devrait avoir priorité, c'est celui de l'étude des effets purement démographiques qu'entraînent les migrations. Les changements dans la distribution spatiale d'une population ont nécessairement des conséquences démographiques : des mariages sont retardés, des couples sont souvent séparés, leur fécondité est réduite, des altérations se produisent dans les distributions des âges du fait que les flux de migrants diffèrent toujours en structure des populations de départ ou d'arrivée, etc. Ces problèmes sont cependant assez mal connus, soit parce qu'on se trouve en présence d'un phénomène complexe où de très nombreux facteurs entrent enjeu, soit parce que l'observation est difficile, étant nécessairement ex-post facto. D'où l'idée d'imaginer une situation simplifiée, ne conservant que certains facteurs, et d'examiner quelles sont les conséquences dans cette construction abstraite, mais parfaitement connue, du phénomène que l'on étudie. C'est la méthode des modèles, de plus en plus utilisée dans les sciences sociales, et dont il est fait ici une application. Ce travail a été réalisé au Centre latino-américain de démographie de Santiago du Chili par M. Léon Tabah, expert des Nations Unies et M. Alberto Cataldi, ex-boursier de ce Centre, actuellement expert des Nations Unies au Pérou. Tabah Léon and Cataldi Alberto. — Results of an Immigration into a Few Model Populations. Among the wide number of problems of all kinds raised by population migrations, one ought to be studied by priority : the study of merely demographic results of migrations. Changes in the spatial distribution of a population lead necessarily to demographic consequences : marriages have been delayed, couples are separated, their fertility is reduced, modifications occur in age distribution as the age structure of the migrants' flow always differs of the age structure of the population the migrants have left behind or where they are going to. Still, such problems are not very well known, either because a very large number of factors are to be taken into account in such a phenomenon, or because observation itself is made difficult, as necessarily, it is ex-post facto. Hence the idea of contriving a simplified situation where only a few factors are retained and of examining which are the consequences of the observed phenomenon in such a théorie but perfectly well known conception. The model method applied here is more and more widely used in sociological sciences. This work has been carried through at the Latino-American Demographic Center in Santiago, Chile, by Mr. Léon Tabah, United Nations Expert, and by Mr. Alberto Cataldi, who was given a grant for this Center by the United-Nations, and who is presently a United-Nations Expert in Peru. Tabah Léon, Cataldi Alberto. Effets d'une immigration dans quelques populations modèles. In: Population, 18ᵉ année, n°4, 1963. pp. 683-696.

Interest in targeted profiling of quercetin glycoconjugates occurring in edible foodstuffs continues to expand because of their recognized beneficial health effects. Quercetin derivatives encompass several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which there are several compounds with different glycosylations and acylations. Since reference standards and dedicated databases are not available, the mass spectrometric identification of quercetin glycoconjugates is challenging. A targeted liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied for screening quercetin glycoconjugates in edible peperoni di Senise peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), protected by the European Union with the mark PGI (i.e., Protected Geographical Indication), and cultivated in Basilicata (Southern Italy). Chromatographic separation was accomplished by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) using water/acetonitrile as the mobile phase and detection was performed on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer fitted with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in negative ion mode. A correlation between experimental RP chromatographic retention time and those predicted by partition coefficients (log P) along with MS/MS data and an in-house developed database (named QUEdb) provided deep coverage for sixteen quercetin glycoconjugates. Among them, eleven quercetin glycoconjugates were already described in the literature and five were reported for the first time. These last acyl glycosidic quercetin derivatives were tentatively identified as quercetin-(galloyl-rhamnoside)-hexoside, [C34H33O20]− at m/z 761.1; quercetin-(sinapoyl-hexoside)-rhamnoside, [C38H39O20]− at m/z 815.4; quercetin-(galloyl-caffeoyl-hexoside)-rhamnoside, [C43H39O23]− at m/z 923.0; quercetin-(feruloyl-hexoside)-rhamnoside, [C37H37O19]− at m/z 785.1; and quercetin-(succinyl-rhamnoside)-rhamnoside, [C31H33O18]− at m/z 693.1.

A bstract We propose a novel realisation of leptogenesis that relies on the out-of-equilibrium decay of an axion-like particle (ALP) into right-handed Majorana neutrinos (RHNs) in the early Universe. With respect to standard thermal leptogenesis, our mechanism lowers by two orders of magnitude the RHN mass, or the tuning in the RHN mass splittings, needed to reproduce the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and neutrino masses. We find that ALP leptogenesis requires m a > 10 4 GeV and f a > 10 11 GeV for the ALP mass and decay constant, and predicts an early period of matter domination induced by the ALP in parts of its parameter space. We finally provide a viable supersymmetric realisation of ALP leptogenesis where the ALP is the R -axion, which accommodates GeV gravitino dark matter and predicts RHN below 10 TeV.

The use of two or more microorganisms in a microbial consortium has been increasingly applied in the biological control of diseases and pests. Beauveria bassiana is one of the most widely studied fungal species in biological control, yet little is known about its role in fungal consortiums. In a previous study, our group found that a consortium formed by two strains of B . bassiana had significantly greater biocontrol potential against the polyphagous caterpillars Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) than either strain on its own. In this study, we use GC-MS and LC-MS/MS to evaluate and discuss the metabolomics of the consortium. A total of 21 consortium biomarkers were identified, corresponding to 14 detected by LC-MS/MS and seven by GC-MS. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are the main properties of the metabolites produced by the consortium. These metabolites can depress the insect’s immune system, increasing its vulnerability and, hence, the fungal virulence of the consortium. In light of these results, we propose an action model of insect mortality due to the metabolites secreted by the consortium. The model includes the inhibition of defense mechanisms such as pro-inflammatory interleukin secretion, cell migration, cell aggregation, Dif, Dorsal and Relish gene transcription, and JAK/STAT and JNK signaling pathways. It also promotes the cleaning of oxidative molecules, like ROS, NOS, and H 2 O 2 , and the induction of virulence factors.

Uncovering the molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of crops to drought is crucial to understand and enhance drought tolerance mechanisms. Sugarcane ( spp.) is an important commercial crop cultivated mainly in tropical and subtropical areas for sucrose and ethanol production. Usually, drought tolerance has been investigated by single omics analysis (e.g. global transcripts identification). Here we combine label-free quantitative proteomics and metabolomics data (GC-TOF-MS), using a network-based approach, to understand how two contrasting commercial varieties of sugarcane, CTC15 (tolerant) and SP90-3414 (susceptible), adjust their leaf metabolism in response to drought. To this aim, we propose the utilization of regularized canonical correlation analysis (rCCA), which is a modification of classical CCA, and explores the linear relationships between two datasets of quantitative variables from the same experimental units, with a threshold set to 0.99. Light curves revealed that after 4 days of drought, the susceptible variety had its photosynthetic capacity already significantly reduced, while the tolerant variety did not show major reduction. Upon 12 days of drought, photosynthesis in the susceptible plants was completely reduced, while the tolerant variety was at a third of its rate under control conditions. Network analysis of proteins and metabolites revealed that different biological process had a stronger impact in each variety (e.g. translation in CTC15, generation of precursor metabolites, response to stress and energy in SP90-3414). Our results provide a reference data set and demonstrate that rCCA can be a powerful tool to infer experimentally metabolite-protein or protein-metabolite associations to understand plant biology.

Eucalyptus species are globally important for forestry due to rapid growth, adaptability, high biomass production, and contribution to carbon sequestration by storing atmospheric CO as biomass. However, the metabolic mechanisms sustaining growth under hypoxic conditions within woody vascular tissues remain unclear. Here, we investigate whether corticular photosynthesis helps sustain stem energy metabolism across two developmental stages in vascular tissues of . We analyzed bark and xylem from 4- and 12-year-old clonal plants. Chloroplast abundance in bark was quantified by fluorescence microscopy, and both tissues were profiled by shotgun proteomics. Chloroplasts were more abundant in younger bark and were not detected in xylem. A total of 3,113 non-redundant proteins were identified, and enrichment analysis indicated a consistent hypoxic response across tissues and ages, alongside age-specific metabolic processes. Proteoform abundance patterns implicated glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fermentation pathways. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase proteoforms showed differential abundance in xylem and younger bark, consistent with greater emphasis on fermentative metabolism in hypoxia-prone vascular tissues. Younger bark also exhibited higher abundance of Calvin-Benson cycle proteins, together with higher chloroplast numbers than older bark and xylem, indicating higher potential for local carbon fixation and oxygen availability in juvenile stems. These findings underscore adaptive metabolic strategies of eucalyptus stems, refine current models of corticular photosynthesis and stem energy metabolism in fast-growing trees, and provide a molecular framework for future physiological studies in eucalyptus and other woody species.

Bacterial symbionts are broadly distributed among insects, influencing their bioecology to different degrees. Aphids carry a number of secondary symbionts that can influence aphid physiology and fitness attributes. Spiroplasma is seldom reported as an aphid symbiont, but a high level of infection has been observed in one population of the tropical aphid Aphis citricidus . We used sister isolines of Spiroplasma -infected (Ac-BS) and Spiroplasma -free (Ac-B) aphids reared on sweet orange (optimum host) and orange jasmine (suboptimum host) to demonstrate the effects of Spiroplasma infection in the aphid proteome profile. A higher number of proteins were differently abundant in aphids feeding on orange jasmine, indicating an impact of host plant quality. In both host plants, the majority of proteins affected by Spiroplasma infection were heat shock proteins, proteins linked to cell function and structure, and energy metabolism. Spiroplasma also induced changes in proteins involved in antimicrobial activity, carbohydrate processing and metabolism, amino acid synthesis and metabolism in aphids feeding on orange jasmine. We discuss on how the aphid host proteome is differentially affected by Spiroplasma infection when the host is exploiting host plants with different nutritional values.