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"Cede, Franz"
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Spannungspunkte zwischen Neutralität und Ethik
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur bisher wenig behandelten Thema des Verhältnisses von Neutralität und politischer Moral. Der Beitrag setzt sich grundsätzlich mit dem Spannungsfeld zwischen Neutralität und Ethik in den internationalen Beziehungen und im Völkerrecht auseinander. Dabei wird im Besonderen auf das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen den Verpflichtungen des neutralen Österreich gemäß UNO-Satzung und entgegenstehenden neutralitätsrechtlichen Vorschriften eingegangen. Im Folgenden werden drei Fallbeispiele erörtert, bei denen die Spannung zwischen Österreichs Neutralität und dem Gebot ethisch richtigen Verhaltens besonders deutlich zutage tritt. Im Einzelnen wird die österreichische Beteiligung an Entminungsaktionen in der Ukraine beleuchtet, weiters das österreichische Stimmverhalten in der EU in Bezug auf die militärische und finanzielle Unterstützung der Ukraine sowie drittens die Diskussionen über die genaue Tragweite der sogenannten irischen Klausel im EU-Vertrag von Lissabon, der eine Beistandspflicht im Falle eines militärischen Angriffs gegen einen Mitgliedstaat vorsieht. Die irische Klausel ermöglicht neutralen EU- Mitgliedstaaten insofern eine Ausnahme von der Beistandspflicht, als sie den besonderen Charakter deren Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik ausdrücklich unberührt lässt. Schließlich plädiert der Beitrag dafür, dass sich die Völkerrechts- und die politische Wissenschaft mit der sensiblen Thematik der ethischen Aspekte der Neutralität in Zukunft eingehender befasst.
Journal Article
Unfinished Business
Most studies of international negotiations take successful talks as their subject. With a few notable exceptions, analysts have paid little attention to negotiations ending in failure. The essays inUnfinished Businessshow that as much, if not more, can be learned from failed negotiations as from successful negotiations with mediocre outcomes.Failurein this study pertains to a set of negotiating sessions that were convened for the purpose of achieving an agreement but instead broke up in continued disagreement.Seven case studies compose the first part of this volume: the United Nations negotiations on Iraq, the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David in 2000, Iran-European Union negotiations, the Cyprus conflict, the Biological Weapons Convention, the London Conference of 1830-33 on the status of Belgium, and two hostage negotiations (Waco and the Munich Olympics). These case studies provide examples of different types of failed negotiations: bilateral, multilateral, and mediated (or trilateral). The second part of the book analyzes empirical findings from the case studies as causes of failure falling in four categories: actors, structure, strategy, and process. This is an analytical framework recommended by the Processes of International Negotiation, arguably the leading society dedicated to research in this area. The last section ofUnfinished Businesscontains two summarizing chapters that provide broader conclusions-lessons for theory and lessons for practice.
eBook
Lessons for Practice
For those involved by profession in international negotiations, the explanation for the collapse of a negotiation in which they have participated normally lies on the other side of the table. It seems to be part of human nature that participants in negotiations are biased when it comes to identifying the root causes of failure. Usually they take a defensive line by offering their own version of the case. When engaging in a negotiation the actor is obviously convinced that his own arguments are the right ones. Quite understandably he identifies himself with the position he is supposed to present. He
Book Chapter
The United Nations : law and practice
The political changes in the world have profoundly altered the United Nations.This new book is one of the first to describe the structure of the world organization in the present context of international relations.The United Nations: Law and Practice is a no-nonsense book, concise, informative and up-to-date.
eBook
The Observing International Lawyer
In recent decades, the focus on environmental issues has grown rapidly, with ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, air pollution, soil pollution, and water pollution being among the topics of concern. These topics have been discussed and analyzed in international governmental and nongovernmental fora, and this has led to a considerable growth in the number of international agreements and institutions dealing with environmental issues. The evolution of international treaties over the last decades has had a positive impact on the international community's awareness of environmental issues and has spearheaded environmental improvements, such as reductions in air pollution and protection of the ozone layer. But the rapid growth of international agreements and institutions has also raised questions as to how effective or coherent the international response to environmental problems really is. The evolution of the climate change regime, in particular, demonstrates the institutional and legal constraints to elaborating international environmental agreements, and the challenges that this involves.
Book Chapter
A NEW SECURITY AND DEFENCE DOCTRINE
Cede reveals that Australia's new Security and Defence Doctrine starts out from general considerations such as the paradigm shift in Europe's security policy, Austria's security position, the role of international organizations and Austria's international participation, as well as the development from neutrality to solidarity. In the light of these considerations, the resolution contains a list of recommendations on the foreign policy aspects of security policy, on defense policy and on internal security.
Trade Publication Article
The Post-Imperial Blues
[...] although both empires lost considerable territory, post-Hapsburg Austria ended up a small, landlocked country while the post- Soviet Russian Federation has remained the largest country in the world and a purveyor of enormous natural resource wealth. [...] Austria was rendered militarily insignificant after World War I, while Russia is still a nuclear power with a large army.
Magazine Article