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We aimed to evaluate the role of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) involving care-dose unenhanced CT to detect extranodal involvement in patients with non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Lymphoma patients (35 Hodgkin lymphoma, 75 non-Hodgkin lymphoma) who were referred for 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging, following a diagnostic contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) performed within the last month, were included in our study. A total of 129 PET-CT images, and all radiologic, clinical, and pathological records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 137 hypermetabolic extranodal infiltration sites were detected by 18F-FDG PET-CT in 62 of 110 patients. There were no positive findings by CE-CT that reflected organ involvement in 40 of 137 18F-FDG-positive sites. The κ statistics revealed fair agreement between PET-CT and CE-CT for the detection of extranodal involvement (κ=0.60). The organs showing a disagreement between the two modalities were the spleen, bone marrow, bone, and thyroid and prostate glands. In all lesions that were negative at CE-CT, there was a diffuse 18F-FDG uptake pattern in the PET-CT images. The frequency of extranodal involvement was 51% and 58% in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients, respectively. There was a high positive correlation between the maximum standardized uptake values of the highest 18F-FDG-accumulating lymph nodes and extranodal sites (r=0.67) in patients with nodal and extranodal involvement. 18F-FDG PET-CT is a more effective technique than CE-CT for the evaluation of extranodal involvement in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. PET-CT has a significant advantage for the diagnosis of diffusely infiltrating organs without mass lesions or contrast enhancement compared to CE-CT.

Inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been recently introduced as potential biomarkers for tumor pathogenesis, development and prognosis in solid tumors. Our aim was to assess the correlation of clinicopathological features and NLR and PLR in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 201 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were divided into groups with a cut-off preoperative median NLR and PLR value of 1,92 and 123.9, respectively. The correlation of NLR and PLR and clinicopathological features including age, tumor size, extra-thyroidal extension, thyroid capsule invasion, surgical margin positivity, multifocality, bilaterality of the patients were analyzed. The mean NLR and PLR were 2.11±0.94, 129.69±42.81, respectively. Larger tumor size and higher positivity of extra-thyroidal spread were correlated with higher NLR values. No significant relationship was found between NLR and age, presence of thyroid capsule invasion, surgical margin positivity, multifocality, bilaterality, and lymph node metastasis. Also no significant association was observed between the clinicopathological features and PLR. High NLR was found to correlate with tumor size and extra-thyroidal extension. NLR may be used as a marker to determine the clinical behavior of disease in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Objective: Bone metastasis is common in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, there has been a growing interest in the potential role of inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), in predicting advanced disease in patients with solid tumors. In the current study, we aimed to assess the relationship of bone metastasis detected on bone scintigraphy (BS) with NLR, PLR, and NMR in patients with Pca. Materials and Methods: The study group included 85 PCa patients. Patient characteristics, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, Gleason score, histopathological features, presence of metastatic focus on BS and complete blood count values were retrospectively evaluated. The relationship of the presence of bone metastasis on BS with clinicopathological features such as PSA, Gleason score, histopathological findings and NLR, PLR and NMR values were investigated. Results: Median NLR, PLR and NMR were 2.90, 125.69 and 8.38, respectively. Thirty-six patients had metastatic disease on BS. Our findings showed a statistically significant relationship between high NLR value and the presence of bone metastasis (p=0.018) and high Gleason score (p=0.034). However, no significant statistical relationship was found between clinicopathological features and PLR and NMR values (p>0.05). Conclusion: Despite the limited number of patients, a significant relationship between high NLR and metastatic bone disease was found. While high NLR has been generally considered an independent risk factor for poor PCa prognosis, we assume that larger scale studies are warranted to assess its value as a prognostic indicator in PCa patients.

Objectives: Inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been recently introduced as potential biomarkers for tumor pathogenesis, development and prognosis in solid tumors. Our aim was to assess the correlation of clinicopathological features and NLR and PLR in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A total of 201 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were divided into groups with a cut-off preoperative median NLR and PLR value of 1,92 and 123.9, respectively. The correlation of NLR and PLR and clinicopathological features including age, tumor size, extra-thyroidal extension, thyroid capsule invasion, surgical margin positivity, multifocality, bilaterality of the patients were analyzed. Results: The mean NLR and PLR were 2.11[+ or -]0.94, 129.69[+ or -]42.81, respectively. Larger tumor size and higher positivity of extra-thyroidal spread were correlated with higher NLR values. No significant relationship was found between NLR and age, presence of thyroid capsule invasion, surgical margin positivity, multifocality, bilaterality, and lymph node metastasis. Also no significant association was observed between the clinicopathological features and PLR. Conclusion: High NLR was found to correlate with tumor size and extra-thyroidal extension. NLR may be used as a marker to determine the clinical behavior of disease in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Keywords: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, papillary thyroid carcinoma Amac: Son yillarda notrofil/lenfosit orani (NLO) ve trombosit/lenfosit orani (TLO) gibi enflamatuvar belirteclerin solid tumor patogenezinde, gelismesinde ve prognozunda etkili olduguna dair calismalar mevcuttur. Bu calismada tiroid papiller kanserinin (PTK) kliniko-patolojik ozellikleri ile NLO ve TLO arasindaki iliskinin retrospektif olarak incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Calismaya dahil edilen 201 hasta preoperatif medyan NLO (grup 1 <1,92 ve grup 2 [greater than or equal to]1,92) ve medyan TLO (grup 1 <123,9 ve grup 2 [greater than or equal to]123,9) degerlerine gore gruplara ayrildi. NLO ve TLO ile hastalarin yas, tumor boyutu, ekstra-tiroidal yayilim, tiroid kapsul invazyonu, cerrahi sinir pozitifligi, multifokalite, bilateralite gibi kliniko-patolojik ozellikleri arasindaki iliski degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ortalama NLR ve PLR sirasiyla 2,11[+ or -]0,94, 129,69[+ or -]42,81 idi. Verilerin istatiksel analizi preoperatif yuksek NLO ile tumor boyutu (p=0,002) ve ekstra-tiroidal yayilim (p=0,028) arasinda anlamli iliski bulundugunu gosterdi. Yas, tiroid kapsul invazyonu, cerrahi sinir pozitifligi, multifokalite, bilateralite ile NLO arasinda ise iliski saptanmadi (p>0,05). TLO ile kliniko-patolojik ozellikler arasinda anlamli istatistiksel iliski gosterilemedi (p>0,05). Sonuc: Calismamiz PTK de NLO ile tumor boyutu ve ekstra-tiroidal yayilim arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli iliski bulundugunu gostermektedir. NLO'nun diger bazi solid tumorlerde oldugu gibi PTK olgularinda hastaligin klinik davranisini belirlemek icin yararli bir belirtec olarak kullanilabilecegi dusunulmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Notrofil/lenfosit orani, trombosit/lenfosit orani, papiller tiroid kanseri

Objectives: Accurate staging of head and neck cancer (HNC) plays an important role in patient management as well as protection of functional characteristics of the head and neck region. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of 2-[[.sup.18]F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as part of HNC staging to clinical evaluation and treatment planning. Methods: Clinical records of 138 HNC cases who has undergone [.sup.18]F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases who had accessible clinical follow-up data were included in the study group, and their PET/CT and conventional imaging findings were evaluated. Results: In the case group with a PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of primary lesion the sensitivity rates for PET/CT and MRI were calculated as 91.3% and 82.6%, the positive predictive values (PPV) as 91.3% and 82.6%, specificity as 71.4% and 42.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) as 71.4% and 42.8%, respectively. In terms of metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was calculated as 100% and 88.8%, the NPV as 100% and 83.3%, respectively. The PPV and specificity was 100% for both modalities. In the case group with CT for primary lesion evaluation, the sensitivity and PPV were found as 95.2% and 100% for PET/CT, and as 85.7% and 94.7% for CT, respectively. in metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was found as 100% for PET/CT and 50% for CT, and the PPV, specificity and NPV were determined as 100% for both methods. PET/CT findings resulted in a change in 'tumor, node, metastasis' staging in 5 cases. Conclusions: PET/CT in HNC contributes to staging, thus playing a role in treatment planning, especially in patients with locally advanced disease. Keywords: Head and neck cancer, PET/CT, [.sup.18]F-FDG Oz Amac: Bas ve boyun kanserlerinde (BBK) dogru evreleme, uygun tedavi modalitesinin secilmesi ve bas boyun yapilarinin islevsel ozelliklerinin korunmasinda onemli rol oynamaktadir. Calismamizda BBK'lerin evrelendirilmesinde 2-[[.sup.18]F] floro-2-deoksi-d-glukoz ([.sup.18]F-FDG) pozitron emisyon tomografisi/bilgisayarli tomografi (PET/BT) goruntulemenin klinik degerlendirme ve tedavi planlamasina katkisi arastirildi. Yontem: [.sup.18]F-FDG PET/BT goruntuleme uygulanan 138 BBK'li olgunun klinik kayitlari retrospektif olarak incelendi. Klinik izlem verilerine ulasilabilen 65 olgu calisma grubuna alindi ve olgularin PET/BT ve konvansiyonel goruntuleme bulgulari degerlendirildi. Oz Bulgular: Primer lezyon degerlendirmede PET/BT ve manyetik rezonans goruntulemesi (MRG) olan olgu grubunda PET/BT ve MRG icin sirasiyla sensitivite %91,3, %82,6, pozitif prediktif deger (PPD) %91,3 ve %82,6, spesifite %71,4 ve %42,8 ve negatif prediktif deger (NPD) %71,4 ve %42,8 olarak hesaplandi. Metastatik lenf nodu degerlendirmede ise PET/BT ve MRG icin sirasiyla sensitivite %100 ve %88,8, NPD %100 ve %83,3, PPD ve spesifite ise her iki yontem icin de %100 olarak hesaplandi. BT'si olan olgu grubunda primer lezyon degerlendirmede sensitivite PET/BT icin %95,2, BT icin %85,7, PPD %100 ve %94,7 olarak bulundu. Metastatik lenf nodu degerlendirmede sensitivite PET/BT icin %100, BT icin %50, PPD, spesifite ve NPD %100 olarak bulundu. PET/BT bulgulari 5 olguda 'tumor, nod ve metastaz' evrelemesinde degisiklige neden oldu. Sonuc: PET/BT BBK'da evrelemeye katkida bulunarak ozellikle lokal ileri evredeki olgularda tedavi planlamasinda onemli rol oynar. Anahtar kelimeler: Bas ve boyun kanserleri, PET/BT, [.sup.18]F-FDG

Objective: Bone metastasis is common in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, there has been a growing interest in the potential role of inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), in predicting advanced disease in patients with solid tumors. In the current study, we aimed to assess the relationship of bone metastasis detected on bone scintigraphy (BS) with NLR, PLR, and NMR in patients with Pca. Materials and Methods: The study group included 85 PCa patients. Patient characteristics, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, Gleason score, histopathological features, presence of metastatic focus on BS and complete blood count values were retrospectively evaluated. The relationship of the presence of bone metastasis on BS with clinicopathological features such as PSA, Gleason score, histopathological findings and NLR, PLR and NMR values were investigated. Results: Median NLR, PLR and NMR were 2.90, 125.69 and 8.38, respectively. Thirty-six patients had metastatic disease on BS. Our findings showed a statistically significant relationship between high NLR value and the presence of bone metastasis (p=0.018) and high Gleason score (p=0.034). However, no significant statistical relationship was found between clinicopathological features and PLR and NMR values (p>0.05). Conclusion: Despite the limited number of patients, a significant relationship between high NLR and metastatic bone disease was found. While high NLR has been generally considered an independent risk factor for poor PCa prognosis, we assume that larger scale studies are warranted to assess its value as a prognostic indicator in PCa patients. Keywords: Bone scintigraphy, Prostate carcinoma, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR, Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, PLR, Neutrophil to monocyte ratio, NMR Amac: Ileri prostat kanserinde (PCa) kemik metastazi yaygin olarak gorulmektedir. Son zamanlarda, solid tumorlerde ilerlemis hastaligin ongorulmesinde notrofil lenfosit orani (NLR), trombosit lenfosit orani (PLR) ve notrofil monosit orani (NMR) gibi enflamatuvar belirteclerin potansiyel rolune olan ilgi artmistir. Bu calismada, PCa'da kemik sintigrafisinde (KS) saptanan kemik metastazlari ile NLR, PLR ve NMR arasindaki iliskiyi degerlendirmeyi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontem: Calisma grubunu 85 PCa hastasi olusturdu. Hastalarin ozellikleri, prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) degerleri, Gleason skoru, histopatolojik ozellikleri, KS'de metastatik odak varligi ve tam kan sayimi retrospektif olarak incelendi. KS'de kemik metastazi varligi, PSA, Gleason skoru, histopatolojik bulgular gibi klinikopatolojik ozellikler ile NLR, PLR ve NMR degerleri arasindaki iliski arastirildi. Bulgular: Medyan NLR, PLR ve NMR sirasiyla 2,90, 125,69 ve 8,38 idi. Otuz alti hastada KS'de metastatik hastalik vardi. Bulgularimiz yuksek NLR degeri ile kemik metastazi varligi (p=0.018) ve yuksek Gleason skoru arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir iliski oldugunu gosterdi (p=0,034). Ancak PLR ve NMR ile klinikopatolojik ozellikler arasinda anlamli istatistiksel iliski bulunamadi (p>0,05). Sonuc: Sinirli hasta sayisina ragmen, yuksek NLR ve metastatik kemik hastaligi arasinda anlamli iliski bulundu. NLR genel olarak prostat kanseri prognozu icin bagimsiz bir risk faktoru olarak kabul edilirken, bu hasta grubunda prognostik bir belirtec olarak kabul edilmesi icin daha kapsamli calismalarin yapilmasinin gerekli oldugunu dusunuyoruz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kemik sintigrafisi, Prostat kanseri, Notrofil lenfosit orani, NLR, Trombosit lenfosit orani, PLR, Notrofil monosit orani, NMR

Objectives: Accurate staging of head and neck cancer (HNC) plays an important role in patient management as well as protection of functional characteristics of the head and neck region. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as part of HNC staging to clinical evaluation and treatment planning. Methods: Clinical records of 138 HNC cases who has undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases who had accessible clinical follow-up data were included in the study group, and their PET/CT and conventional imaging findings were evaluated. Results: In the case group with a PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of primary lesion the sensitivity rates for PET/CT and MRI were calculated as 91.3% and 82.6%, the positive predictive values (PPV) as 91.3% and 82.6%, specificity as 71.4% and 42.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) as 71.4% and 42.8%, respectively. In terms of metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was calculated as 100% and 88.8%, the NPV as 100% and 83.3%, respectively. The PPV and specificity was 100% for both modalities. In the case group with CT for primary lesion evaluation, the sensitivity and PPV were found as 95.2% and 100% for PET/CT, and as 85.7% and 94.7% for CT, respectively. in metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was found as 100% for PET/CT and 50% for CT, and the PPV, specificity and NPV were determined as 100% for both methods. PET/CT findings resulted in a change in ‘tumor, node, metastasis’ staging in 5 cases. Conclusions: PET/CT in HNC contributes to staging, thus playing a role in treatment planning, especially in patients with locally advanced disease.

Accurate staging of head and neck cancer (HNC) plays an important role in patient management as well as protection of functional characteristics of the head and neck region. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as part of HNC staging to clinical evaluation and treatment planning. Clinical records of 138 HNC cases who has undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases who had accessible clinical follow-up data were included in the study group, and their PET/CT and conventional imaging findings were evaluated. In the case group with a PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of primary lesion the sensitivity rates for PET/CT and MRI were calculated as 91.3% and 82.6%, the positive predictive values (PPV) as 91.3% and 82.6%, specificity as 71.4% and 42.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) as 71.4% and 42.8%, respectively. In terms of metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was calculated as 100% and 88.8%, the NPV as 100% and 83.3%, respectively. The PPV and specificity was 100% for both modalities. In the case group with CT for primary lesion evaluation, the sensitivity and PPV were found as 95.2% and 100% for PET/CT, and as 85.7% and 94.7% for CT, respectively. in metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was found as 100% for PET/CT and 50% for CT, and the PPV, specificity and NPV were determined as 100% for both methods. PET/CT findings resulted in a change in 'tumor, node, metastasis' staging in 5 cases. PET/CT in HNC contributes to staging, thus playing a role in treatment planning, especially in patients with locally advanced disease.

Accurate staging of head and neck cancer (HNC) plays an important role in patient management as well as protection of functional characteristics of the head and neck region. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of 2-[ F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as part of HNC staging to clinical evaluation and treatment planning. Clinical records of 138 HNC cases who has undergone F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases who had accessible clinical follow-up data were included in the study group, and their PET/CT and conventional imaging findings were evaluated. In the case group with a PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of primary lesion the sensitivity rates for PET/CT and MRI were calculated as 91.3% and 82.6%, the positive predictive values (PPV) as 91.3% and 82.6%, specificity as 71.4% and 42.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) as 71.4% and 42.8%, respectively. In terms of metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was calculated as 100% and 88.8%, the NPV as 100% and 83.3%, respectively. The PPV and specificity was 100% for both modalities. In the case group with CT for primary lesion evaluation, the sensitivity and PPV were found as 95.2% and 100% for PET/CT, and as 85.7% and 94.7% for CT, respectively. in metastatic lymph node evaluation, the sensitivity was found as 100% for PET/CT and 50% for CT, and the PPV, specificity and NPV were determined as 100% for both methods. PET/CT findings resulted in a change in 'tumor, node, metastasis' staging in 5 cases. PET/CT in HNC contributes to staging, thus playing a role in treatment planning, especially in patients with locally advanced disease.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nanoemulsions prepared with various concentrations of olive oil on the sensory, chemical and microbiological quality of rainbow trout fillets. The results showed that the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets were determined as 10 days for the control, 12 days for tween 80 group, 14 days for the 15% olive oil nanoemulsion group (O15) and 16 days for both 30% (O30) and 45% olive oil nanoemulsion groups (O45). It was determined that the use of olive oil suppressed the fish smell and improved the organoleptic quality of fish fillets, extending shelf life. Best sensory results were obtained from O30 and O45 treatment groups. The use of nanoemulsion had a positive effect on the biochemical parameters (TVB-N, PV, FFA, TBARs and pH), as well as inhibiting bacterial growth compared to the control group. Among nanoemulsion groups, the lowest bacteria content was found in O45 group. As a result, O30 and O45 treatment groups can be recommended for the preservation of fish fillets.