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Non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs) are active colonizers inhabiting the root nodules. Though their active role in the lentil agroecosystem is not well defined, here we observed that these NREs might promote the growth of lentils, modulate rhizospheric community structure and could be used as promising organisms for optimal use of rice fallow soil. NREs from root nodules of lentils were isolated and examined for plant growth-promoting traits, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and biofilm production, root metabolites, and the presence of nifH and nifK elements. The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both isolates could successfully colonize the roots and elicit root hair growth. The inoculation of the NREs resulted in specific changes in root exudation patterns. The plants with 33GS and R6 treatment significantly stimulated the exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esters in comparison to the uninoculated plants, altering the rhizospheric microbial community structure. Proteobacteria dominated the rhizospheric microbiota in all the treatments. Treatment with 33GS or R6 also enhanced the relative abundance of other favourable microbes, including Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium. The correlation network analysis of relative abundances resulted in numerous bacterial taxa, which were in cooperation with each other, having a possible role in plant growth promotion. The results indicate the significant role of NREs as plant growth promoters, which also includes their role in root exudation patterns, enhancement of soil nutrient status and modulation of rhizospheric microbiota, suggesting their prospects in sustainable, and bio-based agriculture.

Defected ground structure (DGS)-integrated arc-cornered rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA) has been investigated to achieve broadband along with high co-polarized to cross-polarized radiation (CP–XP) isolation over principal as well as over skew planes without affecting the dominant mode co-polarized (CP) radiation pattern. The present arc-cornered RMA on circular and rectangular dot-type DGS is thoroughly studied and compared with the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. In the present paper, a crucial emphasis is given to improve CP–XP isolation in all the skew planes and by employing circular dot-type DGS around 20 dB CP–XP isolation is achieved over whole skew planes as well as in the H-plane with the proposed structure with 20% impedance bandwidth. On the contrary, the CP–XP isolation and impedance bandwidth vary in opposite manner in case of the rectangular dot-type DGS. Around 25 and 10 dB CP–XP isolation with 9 and 22% impedance bandwidth have been obtained with thin and thick rectangular dot-type DGS, respectively. The corners of the patch surface are rounded in such a way to reduce spurious radiations from the sharp corners, which are generally attributed for high XP radiation along the diagonal directions.

Rectangular microstrip patch with grounded E shaped edges are proposed for wide radiation beam along with an improved polarization performance. Around 64° and 98° of the 3 dB beam width is obtained in E and H plane, respectively. Moreover, the proposed structure exhibits excellent cross polarization isolation compared to peak co polarization gain. The measured results are theoretically justified with simulations and excellent agreement between them has been revealed.

Pointed gourd ( Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) is a vegetatively propagated and an underutilised cucurbitaceous vegetable crop of India and Bangladesh. The crop has not yet been characterized based on distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) characters. Clonal diversity has also not been properly assessed utilizing multivariate analysis and molecular marker. The present investigation was carried out to analyse genetic diversity of 34 female clones employing 29 qualitative and 27 quantitative characters for multivariate analysis and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H’) suggested that plant and fruit morphological characters viz., fruit shape, fruit apex shape at blossom end, number of secondary branches up to 20th node, leaf colour, petiole length, leaf blade length, vine length, fruit skin primary colour, and depth of leaf lobing should be considered when evaluating pointed gourd genotypes for DUS testing. The clones grouped in six clusters which do not correspond to origin locations. Principal components of variable traits for number of secondary branches up to 20th node, leaf blade length, leaf blade width, leaf blade size, petiole length, number of leaf lobes, vine length, node at which 1st female flower appeared, days to 50% flowering and fruit weight had eigen values > 1 and accounting for 81.06% of total variation. Based on average values, multivariate, and molecular analysis of economic traits, the female clones, ‘BCPG-4’ and ‘Swarna Alaukik’ emerged as potential and diverse genetic stocks for future breeding programme. Classification of the female clones and their diversity could conveniently be analysed using ISSR markers. We could frame the possible ways of future improvement strategies of pointed gourd.

Glioblastoma (GB) are aggressive tumors that obstruct normal brain function. While the skull cannot expand in response to cancer growth, the growing pressure in the brain is generally the first sign. It can produce more frequent headaches, unexplained nausea or vomiting, blurred peripheral vision, double vision, a loss of feeling or movement in an arm or leg, and difficulty speaking and concentrating; all depend on the tumor’s location. GB can also cause vascular thrombi, damaging endothelial cells and leading to red blood cell leakage. Latest studies have revealed the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in developing and spreading cancers such as GB and breast cancer. Many discovered SNPs are associated with GB, particularly in great abundance in the promoter region, creating polygenetic vulnerability to glioma. This study aims to compile a list of some of the most frequent and significant SNPs implicated with GB formation and proliferation.