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Recent advances in thick tissue clearing are enabling high resolution, volumetric fluorescence imaging of complex cellular networks. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) such as GFP, however, can be inactivated by the denaturing chemicals used to remove lipids in some tissue clearing methods. Here, we solved the crystal structure of a recently engineered ultra-stable GFP (usGFP) and propose that the two stabilising mutations, Q69L and N164Y, act to improve hydrophobic packing in the core of the protein and facilitate hydrogen bonding networks at the surface, respectively. usGFP was found to dimerise strongly, which is not desirable for some applications. A point mutation at the dimer interface, F223D, generated monomeric usGFP (muGFP). Neurons in whole mouse brains were virally transduced with either EGFP or muGFP and subjected to Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging/Immunostaining/ In situ hybridization-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (CLARITY) clearing. muGFP fluorescence was retained after CLARITY whereas EGFP fluorescence was highly attenuated, thus demonstrating muGFP is a novel FP suitable for applications where high fluorescence stability and minimal self-association are required.

Since its publication in 1964, Australians have used the title of Donald Horne’s book, The Lucky Country, as a term of self-reflective endearment to express the social and economic benefits afforded to the population by the country’s wealth of geographical and environmental advantages. These same advantages, combined with strict border closures, have proven invaluable in protecting Australia from the ravages of the global COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to many other countries. However, elements of Australia’s arts sector have not been so fortunate. The financial damage of pandemic-driven closures of exhibitions, art events, museums, and art businesses has been compounded by complex government stimulus packages that have excluded many contracted arts workers. Contrarily, a booming fine art auction market and commercial gallery sector driven by stay-at-home local collectors demonstrated remarkable resilience considering the extraordinary circumstances. Nonetheless, this resilience must be contextualised against a decade of underperformance in the Australian art market, fed by the negative impact of national taxation policies and a dearth of Federal government support for the visual arts sector. This paper examines the complex and contradictory landscape of the art market in Australia during the global pandemic, including the extension of pre-pandemic trends towards digitalisation and internationalisation. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper concludes that Australia is indeed a ‘lucky country’, and that whilst lockdowns have driven stay-at-home collectors to kick-start the local art market, an overdue digital pivot also offers future opportunities in the aftermath of the pandemic for national and international growth.

Foreign Currency Volatility and the Market for French Modernist Art examines how the collapse of the French franc in the decades following the First World War impacted the supply and demand dynamics of the market for French modernist art.

Provides background information and an educational rationale for portfolio-based learning and assessment in medical education. Examines how and where portfolios have been used for professional development both within and beyond medicine. (Author/CCM)

Personal learning plans are being introduced and developed across the breadth of medical education - from the early years of undergraduate training through to continuing professional development for experienced clinicians. This Guide shows how and where they can be used, charting their history across higher education in the UK, indicating how they link with other professional development initiatives such as appraisal and revalidation, and giving an educational rationale for their use in enhancing lifelong learning. It offers a simple, stage-by-stage strategy for developing a personal learning plan, and for supporting others as they undertake the process themselves.

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova (SN) 2002cx, which reveal it to be unique among all observed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). SN 2002cx exhibits an SN 1991T–like premaximum spectrum, an SN 1991bg–like luminosity, and expansion velocities roughly half those of normal SNe Ia. Photometrically, SN 2002cx has a broad peak in theRband and a plateau phase in theIband, and slow late‐time decline. TheB−Vcolor evolution is nearly normal, but theV−RandV−Icolors are very red. Early‐time spectra of SN 2002cx evolve very quickly and are dominated by lines from Fe‐group elements; features from intermediate‐mass elements (Ca, S, Si) are weak or absent. Mysterious emission lines are observed around 7000 Å at about 3 weeks after maximum brightness. The nebular spectrum of SN 2002cx is also unique, consisting of narrow iron and cobalt lines. The observations of SN 2002cx are inconsistent with the observed spectral/photometric sequence and provide a major challenge to our understanding of SNe Ia. No existing theoretical model can successfully explain all observed aspects of SN 2002cx.

Evidence from the supernova SN1991bg challenges the double white-dwarf scenario and the model for type Ia supernovae. Calculations on the spectra of the supernova are offered.

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are more precise standardizable candles when measured in the near-infrared (NIR) than in the optical. With this motivation, from 2012-2017 we embarked on the RAISIN program with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain rest-frame NIR light curves for a cosmologically distant sample of 37 SN Ia (\\(0.2 \\lesssim z \\lesssim 0.6\\)) discovered by Pan-STARRS and the Dark Energy Survey. By comparing higher-\\(z\\) HST data with 42 SN Ia at \\(z<0.1\\) observed in the NIR by the Carnegie Supernova Project, we construct a Hubble diagram from NIR observations (with only time of maximum light and some selection cuts from optical data) to pursue a unique avenue to constrain the dark energy equation of state parameter, \\(w\\). We analyze the dependence of the full set of Hubble residuals on the SN Ia host galaxy mass and find Hubble residual steps of size \\(\\sim\\)0.06-0.1~mag with 1.5- to 2.5-\\(\\sigma\\) significance depending on the method and step location. Combining our NIR sample with CMB constraints, we find \\(1+w=-0.17\\pm0.12\\) (stat\\(+\\)syst). The largest systematic errors are the redshift-dependent SN selection biases and the properties of the NIR mass step. We also use these data to measure \\(H_0=75.9\\pm 2.2\\) km s\\(^{-1}\\) Mpc\\(^{-1}\\) from stars with geometric distance calibration in the hosts of 8 SNe Ia observed in the NIR versus \\(H_0=71.2\\pm3.8\\) km s\\(^{-1}\\) Mpc\\(^{-1}\\) using an inverse distance ladder approach tied to Planck. Using optical data we find \\(1+w=-0.10\\pm0.09\\) and with optical and NIR data combined, we find \\(1+w=-0.06\\pm0.07\\); these shifts of up to 0.11 in \\(w\\) could point to inconsistency in optical versus NIR SN models. There will be many opportunities to improve this NIR measurement and better understand systematic uncertainties through larger low-\\(z\\) samples, new light-curve models, calibration improvements, and by building high-\\(z\\) samples from the Roman Space Telescope.