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For almost 70 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has coordinated the norms and technical standards required to improve global health. This is the role people most often associate with WHO. However, the organization's constitution also calls on it to \"furnish technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid\" to governments, a role WHO has played on countless occasions. Examples include eradicating smallpox, bringing polio and guinea-worm disease to the brink of eradication and responding to health threats posed by humanitarian crises worldwide. Despite initial delays in the western Africa Ebola outbreak response, the tide of this unprecedented health crisis has now been turned. The Ebola outbreak has taught you many lessons, among them that the response to outbreaks and emergencies must start and end at ground level -- which means that certain key capacities have to be in place before launching a response, including leadership and coordination, technical support, logistics, management of human resources and communications.

Former WHO Director-General Margaret Chan has learned some tenets at the heart of resolving every global health crisis. However, in the COVID-19 pandemic, pervasive complacency in the face of this learning kills.

The initial technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) model was theorised on seven clearly identified factors. However, many studies have failed to empirically identify these seven factors, and elements influencing TPACK level, such as national context, gender, and age, remain unclear. The study is focused on teacher educators’ TPACK as one of the most important elements in schoolteacher training. The main goals were to test the validity of the initial TPACK seven-factor model in a cross-national analysis context and to identify factors influencing the TPACK perception. The sample was composed of 574 teacher educators coming from a total of eight schools of educational institutions from six countries. A 26-item questionnaire, based on a four-point Likert scale, investigated the seven factors of the TPACK model as independent scales. It was administered online and anonymously. A confirmatory factor analysis using the robust maximum likelihood method and Kruskal–Wallis chi-squared tests were performed. The study showed four major results: 1) a relative stability of the seven-factor model structure across countries; 2) the relative differences of university teachers’ TPACK perceptions across six countries in Europe and Asia; 3) the dependence of age and TPACK factors; and 4) an independence of gender/academic level and TPACK.

The Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone has grown so large and severe primarily because these countries are among the world's poorest. Poverty, dysfunctional health systems, and fear remain formidable obstacles to ending the outbreak. Many people have asked me why the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa is so large, so severe, and so difficult to contain. These questions can be answered with a single word: poverty. The hardest-hit countries, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, are among the poorest in the world. They have only recently emerged from years of conflict and civil war that have left their health systems largely destroyed or severely disabled and, in some areas, left a generation of children without education. In these countries, only one or two doctors are available for every 100,000 people, and these . . .

The 2030 agenda for sustainable development calls on the international community to prioritize the needs and rights of vulnerable populations, so that no one is left behind.1 The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are supremely ambitious, broad-based in their scope and strongly focused on the root causes of human misery, including the multiple interacting forces that make populations vulnerable to ill-health and premature death.

This article proposes that Nini Towong, a Javanese game involving a possessed doll, is an involution of fifth-century Chinese spirit-basket divination. The investigation is less concerned with originist theories than it is a discussion of the Chinese in Indonesia. The Chinese have been in Southeast Asia from at least as early as the Ming era, yet Chinese contributions to Indonesian culture is an understudied area. The problem begins with the asymmetrical privileging of Indic over Sinic influences in early European scholarship, a situation which in turn reveals the prejudices that the Europeans brought to bear in their dealings with the Chinese of Southeast Asia in the seventeenth to nineteenth century. Europeans introduced the Chinese-Jew analogy to the region. Their disdain contributed to indigenous hostility toward the Chinese. Racialism is a sensitive topic but a reminder of past injustices provides a timely warning in this moment of tense world geopolitics.

  Abbreviations: DHS, Demographic and Health Surveys; GAVI, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation; ICD, International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; IHP+, International Health Partnership; M&E, monitoring and evaluation; MDG, Millennium Development Goal; MICS, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey; NHA, National Health Accounts; SDMX, Standard Data and Metadata eXchange; UNAIDS, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; UNFPA, United Nations Population Fund; UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund; WHO, World Health Organization Margaret Chan is Director-General of the World Health Organization. A commonly used figure, by, for instance, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, is that 5% to 10% of program funds should be invested in data collection, monitoring, evaluation, and operational research; * Improving the efficiency of health information investments by closer collaboration between partners in support of one strong country M&E plan that covers all major disease and health programs and all data sources.\\n Increase Data Access and Use Better access to data and statistics in the public domain could generate important benefits at country and global levels by fostering collaboration and innovation in statistical and analytic methods, both for new data collection and for better use of existing data.

A WHO Emergency Committee I called on May 19, 2016, concluded that the situation is not a Public Health Emergency of International Concern but is a serious public health concern requiring action on several fronts.1 The experts called for stepped up surveillance and mosquito control, mass vaccination campaigns, case management measures, strict adherence to vaccination certificate requirements for all travellers to and from Angola and DRC, and intensified surveillance and preparedness in neighbouring countries.

Today, 800 million people are chronically hungry and yet there are many countries where more than 70% of the adult population is obese or overweight.Over the past two centuries, dietary issues in developing countries focused on the health consequences of malnutrition, especially stunting and wasting in children and anemia in women of childbearing age.More recently, the world's nutrition profile has changed from a situation where the prevalence of underweight was more than double that of obesity to one where more people are obese than underweight.Once a symptom of affluence, obesity and overweight are rising in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban areas, where the increase is fastest.