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"Chaney, Lisa"
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Youth Knowledge of Tobacco 21 and its Association With Intention to Use Tobacco
Abstract
Background
Raising the minimum legal age (MLA) of tobacco sales from 18 to 21 (Tobacco 21 [T21]) has recently been implemented nationwide as a method to reduce tobacco use, but empirical data on youth knowledge of T21 policies and related pathways to tobacco use are limited.
Methods
Data were collected from the 2018 Kansas Communities That Care Student Survey. Knowledge of the MLA was compared between T21 and non-T21 regions using a quasi-experimental design. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were conducted to assess the association between knowledge of the MLA, influencing factors, and intention to use tobacco.
Results
Of 16 949 students (aged between 11 and 18) completing the T21 survey, fewer students responded correctly about the MLA in T21 than in non-T21 regions (37.4% vs. 46.3% responded correctly, 27.6% vs. 24.2% responded incorrectly, respectively). In T21 regions, Hispanics and students who support T21 were more likely to respond correctly about the MLA. Among current non-tobacco users in T21 regions, students who responded correctly about the MLA were less likely to report intention to use tobacco (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.6–0.8]) than those who responded incorrectly. The pathway from knowledge of the MLA to intention to use tobacco was significantly mediated by increased support for T21 (p = .002), perceived difficulty in accessing cigarettes (p = .042), and reduced susceptibility to peer influence (p = .027).
Conclusions
Knowledge of the MLA was inversely associated with intention to use tobacco among youth. Educational campaigns to raise awareness and support for T21 among youth may improve the impact of T21 policies.
Implications
This study examined youth knowledge of the MLA to purchase tobacco products, and whether knowledge of the MLA was associated with reduced intention to use tobacco. It also examined other influencing factors (eg, perceived support for T21) and potential mediation pathways linking knowledge of the MLA with intention to use tobacco. Given the nationwide adoption of T21, educational campaigns to promote knowledge of the policy may improve its impact.
Journal Article
Reducing Binge Drinking in Adolescents through Implementation of the Strategic Prevention Framework
The Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF) is a conceptual model that supports coalition‐driven efforts to address underage drinking and related consequences. Although the SPF has been promoted by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Prevention and implemented in multiple U.S. states and territories, there is limited research on the SPF's effectiveness on improving targeted outcomes and associated influencing factors. The present quasi‐experimental study examines the effects of SPF implementation on binge drinking and enforcement of existing underage drinking laws as an influencing factor. The intervention group encompassed 11 school districts that were implementing the SPF with local prevention coalitions across eight Kansas communities. The comparison group consisted of 14 school districts that were matched based on demographic variables. The intervention districts collectively facilitated 137 community‐level changes, including new or modified programs, policies, and practices. SPF implementation supported significant improvements in binge drinking and enforcement outcomes over time (p < .001), although there were no significant differences in improvements between the intervention and matched comparison groups (p > .05). Overall, the findings provide a basis for guiding future research and community‐based prevention practice in implementing and evaluating the SPF.
Journal Article
Equivalence Class Establishment with Two-, Three-, and Four-Choice Matching to Sample by Senior Citizens
In Experiment 1, 12 senior citizens from the community were trained with 18 sets of conditional discriminations. Training included 2-, 3-, and 4-choice matching-to-sample (MTS) configurations in linear series (LS), many-to-one (MTO), and one-to-many (OTM) training structures. Training structure order was counterbalanced across participants. The design permitted tests for class establishment ranging from 2 classes of 3 stimuli each to 4 classes of 4 stimuli each in the LS, MTO, and OTM structures. The experiment tested the hypothesis that 3- and 4-choice MTS would increase the probability of class establishment, relative to 2-choice MTS, by reducing the potential for sample/S- control to arise during training. Results showed, however, that training with 3- and 4-choice MTS did not significantly increase equivalence class establishment and unequivocal evidence of sample/S- control was found in only 1 instance of a 2-choice training and testing structure. Experiment 2 systematically replicated Experiment 1 with 6 additional senior citizens in a 0-s delayed MTS paradigm. As in Experiment 1, equivalence class establishment was not related to number of choice stimuli. The delayed MTS paradigm, however, required fewer training trials to establish the conditional relations and led to more class establishment overall. The results are compared to data from previous studies with younger and older participants.
Journal Article
Neverland turns autumnal, but Peter Pan still won't grow up
In [Peter Pan] in Scarlet, [J M Barrie]'s mysterious work is domesticated by explanation and homily. Thus, as Hook's poison escapes into Neverland, \"seeping through the Neverwood... cramping the summer months until the very year itself doubled up in pain'', we must infer pollution of the environment by wicked adulthood. Indeed, the introduction of discord into Neverland by adults is an overriding theme. [Wendy] and the Lost Boys set off for an adulthood they implicitly desire, but at the same time the adult is portrayed as unenviable and corrupting. Peter Pan's signature call to daring and adventure temporarily banishes their unease, but a prevailing discord in Neverland is echoed in Pan's diminished charm. They are saved from a forest fire by the miraculous appearance of Hook's ship, and the discovery of his treasure map sets them on a new course. Through encounters with armies of warring fairies, terrifying nursemaids in search of the Lost Boys and pursuit by marauding adolescents called Roarers, we witness a Neverland in decline.
Newspaper Article
Reply Letters and emails: Response: There is more to this man than Peter Pan: To dismiss JM Barrie's work as hoary Edwardian lumber is to overlook its brilliance, says Lisa Chaney
Of [Barrie]'s more developed work, the plays, [Taylor] only discusses The Admir-able Crichton - believing \"this satire of Edwardian politics displays the same inability to transcend its milieu as the fiction . . . Crichton rarely looks anything more than a period piece\". Typically, as in [Peter Pan], Barrie uses movement, through time or circumstance, as a catalyst for revelation, asking what the characters have learned. The butler Crichton's masters return from island shipwreck to the vapidity of their previous lives. Yet, it's the enigmatic Crichton we sense who remains their ruling intelligence. Barrie reveals his belief that Darwin's Natural Order works differently from class and its hierarchy. This is no mere period piece.
Newspaper Article
Response
When my biography of JM Barrie came out, I resisted sending it to DJ Taylor, a writer I much admire, uneasy he'd...
Newspaper Article
Michael Jackson's tragedy is in misunderstanding Peter Pan
Both [J M Barrie] and [Michael Jackson] were driven to create their own worlds as mechanisms of psychic survival, a way of enduring the harsh reality of their earliest experiences. Meanwhile, each routinely enlisted the aid of children, especially little boys, to recapture their childhood and set their imaginations free; Jackson says: 'My greatest inspiration comes from children.' Our post- Freudian world clamours at the potential for sexual deviance in the familiarity of these relationships, and the accusations of homosexuality abound. Whatever Barrie's thoughts may have been, for all his attachment to little boys, as an old man one of them declared that he had 'never heard one word or saw one glimmer of anything approaching homosexuality or paedophilia' and that if Barrie had 'either of these leanings ... I would have been aware'. But here Jackson and Barrie's lives radically diverge.
Newspaper Article
Living: FOOD: Wild bunch Elderflower may smell pretty awful in its raw state, says Lisa Chaney. But, when cooked, its delicate fragrance is the epitome of English summer. What's more, it's completely free. Jeremy Lee has fun with the harbinger of the sun
Hylder, ellhorn, eldrun, pipe tree . . . all are Saxon or old English terms for Sambucus nigra, or the common elder. A small, crooked tree or shrub, it usually springs up on wasteground, and is a common woodland and hedgerow `weed' across the breadth of Europe and western Asia. Undistinguished for much of the year, for a few short weeks in May and June the elder becomes suddenly conspicuous, being swathed in countless, nodding, creamy-white flowerheads - `slices of bread' was the old country name naturally suggested by the pale, flat-topped appearance of these heralds of English summer. Later in the year, the masses of tiny, purple-black berries into which the flowers turn usher in the autumn. The association with Judas and the cross probably arose out of much earlier northern-European beliefs, maintaining that each elder was inhabited by a tree spirit, and that, unless permission was first requested of the tree, cutting it for any purpose risked haunting by the angry spirit. Yet, like many a pre-Christian god, the elder's powers were benevolent if it was treated with respect, and so the tree was widely grown as protection against evil spirits. In the Merry Wives of Windsor, Shakespeare reflects its place in popular affections: `What says my Aesculapius? My Galen? My heart of Elder?' Pliny and numerous other ancient writers had long before recorded the medicinal uses of all parts of the tree, but belief in its virtues reached their zenith in the 17th century, when many, like the diarist John Evelyn, believed that practically every ailment known to humanity - from toothache to plague - could be subjugated by the elder's powers. Elderflower heads dipped in batter and deep-fried make fine, sweet fritters, a delicacy for which, some claim, we must thank the North American Indians. But it is usually as an occasional flavouring that we catch a fleeting glimpse of the elderflower's past range of employment. Commercial elderflower syrup is still used as a base for cooling summer drinks and sorbets. A few sensible people remember each year how quickly and easily made are sparkling, non-alcoholic elderflower `wines'.
Newspaper Article