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تحقيق الحماية الكاملة لحقوق الإنسان كان ولا يزال الغاية الأساس التي عمل الشعب الصيني والحكومة الصينية من أجلها منذ فترات طويلة، فضلا عن كونه من التطلعات العامة التي يشترك فيها الشعب الصيني مع جميع شعوب العالم. وقد قام (تشانغ بينغ تشون)، بصفته أول ممثل للصين لدى الأمم المتحدة ونائب رئيس لجنة الأمم المتحدة لحقوق الإنسان، بصياغة الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان مع السيدة رزفلت وممثلين عن باقي دول العالم، وقدموا إسهاما أشاد به العالم أجمع. وتقر الحكومة الصينية بالمبادئ والقيم الخاصة بحقوق الإنسان واعتمدتها، كما حرصت أشد الحرص على استيفاء الواجبات المنصوص عليها في هذه الاتفاقيات، باذلة في الوقت نفسه، ومن واقع ظروفها الوطنية الخاصة، قصارى جهودها لاستكشاف مسار تنمية حقوق الإنسان الذي يتلاءم مع طبيعتها، وذلك لضمان تحقيق إصلاحات مستمرة لحماية حقوق الإنسان جنبا إلى جنب مع التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، وتحقيق التنسيق والتوازن في حقوق الإنسان، كما أنشأت الصين مجموعة كاملة من أنظمة الحماية الفعالة لحقوق الإنسان، فأصبح مبدأ «احترام الدولة لحقوق الإنسان وصونها» مبدأ دستوريا أساسيا للصين سطره دستور الحزب الشيوعي الصيني الحاكم ليكون المحدد الأساسي لخطط الصين نحو التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية الوطنية قبل أن يصبح أحد المبادئ الرئيسة التي يلتزم بها الحزب والحكومة الصينية في حكم البلاد، ويشكل تطوير خطتي العمل الوطنيتين لحقوق الإنسان في الصين وتنفيذهما بداية مرحلة جديدة لقضية حقوق الإنسان في الصين التي تعرض التنمية المخطط لها والمستمرة والمطردة والتقدم الشامل.

Graphene oxide (GO) films with two-dimensional structure were successfully prepared via the modified Hummer method. It is proven that redox method is a promising way to synthesize GO films on a large scale. Comprehensive characterizations of the properties of GO films were conducted. TEM and DFM analyses showed that GO sheets prepared in this study had single and double lamellar layer structure and a thickness of 2~3 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was selected to measure the crystal structure of GO sheet. Fourier-transform infrared spectra analyzer (FT-IR) was used to certify the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in GO films. The tests of UV-VIS spectrometer and TGA analyzer indicated that GO sheet possessed excellent optical response and outstanding thermal stability. Elemental analyzer (EA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) analyzed the components synthetic material. Simultaneously, chemical structure of GO sheet was described in this study. Discussion and references for further research on graphene are provided.

Arsenic (As), a highly toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal, poses significant risks to soil and water quality, while oxytetracycline (OTC), a widely used antibiotic, contributes to environmental pollution due to excessive human usage. Addressing the coexistence of multiple pollutants in the environment, this study investigates the simultaneous adsorption of As(III) and OTC using a novel bimetallic zinc-iron-modified biochar (1Zn-1Fe-1SBC). The developed adsorbent demonstrates enhanced recovery, improved adsorption efficiency, and cost-effective operation. Characterization results revealed a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio (C/H) and a specific surface area of 1137 m2 g−1 for 1Zn-1Fe-1SBC. Isotherm modeling indicated maximum adsorption capacities of 34.7 mg g−1 for As(III) and 172.4 mg g−1 for OTC. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption processes for both pollutants were spontaneous (ΔG < 0), endothermic (ΔH > 0), and driven by chemical adsorption (ΔH > 80 kJ mol−1), with increased system disorder (ΔS > 0). The adsorption mechanisms involved multiple interactions, including pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, complexation, and π-π interactions. These findings underscore the potential of 1Zn-1Fe-1SBC as a promising adsorbent for the remediation of wastewater containing coexisting pollutants.

The use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture produces significant quantities of nitrogenous gases including ammonia, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Through better farmland management practices, the emission of nitrogenous gases can be reduced while realizing clean water environment and climate-smart agriculture. In this article, we first provided an overview of the international movements on reducing nitrogenous gas emissions from farmlands. Then, we summarized the effect of agricultural management practices on nitrogen use efficiency for various crops, and evaluated their effect on nitrogenous gas emissions. The results indicated the importance of implementing site-specific sustainable management practices to enhance nitrogen use efficiency, and thus mitigate nitrogenous gas emissions. We also addressed the impact of agricultural activities on cropland nitrogen cycles, and highlighted the need to perform systematic trade-off evaluations with a well-defined scope to maximize environmental benefits and maintain ecosystem services. Lastly, we proposed three priority directions by moving toward a low-emission agriculture.

Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) is a prominent source of carotenoids, renowned for its exceptional concentration of these compounds. This study focuses on optimizing the extraction of active components from the aril of gac fruit by evaluating the effects of extraction temperature, solid–liquid ratio, and extraction time. The primary objective is to maximize the yield of gac oil while assessing its antioxidant capacity. To analyze the kinetics of the solid–liquid extraction process, both first-order and second-order kinetic models were employed, with the second-order model providing the best fit for the experimental data. In addition, the potential of gac fruit peel as a precursor for biochar production was investigated through carbonization. The resultant biochars were evaluated for their efficacy in adsorbing crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption efficiency of the biochars was found to be dependent on the carbonization temperature, with the highest efficiency observed for BCMC550 (91.72%), followed by BCM450 (81.35%), BCMC350 (78.35%), and BCMC250 (54.43%). The adsorption isotherm data conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption behavior. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. These findings underscore the potential of gac fruit and its byproducts for diverse industrial and environmental applications, highlighting the dual benefits of optimizing gac oil extraction and utilizing the peel for effective dye removal.

Biohydrogen, a low-carbon footprint technology, can play a significant role in decarbonizing the energy system. It uses existing infrastructure, is easily transportable, and produces no greenhouse gas emissions. Four technologies can be used to produce biohydrogen: photosynthetic biohydrogen, dark fermentation (DF), photo-fermentation, and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). DF produces more biohydrogen and is flexible with organic substrates, making it a sustainable method of waste repurposing. However, low achievable biohydrogen yields are a common issue. To overcome this, catalytic mechanisms, including enzymatic systems such as [Fe-Fe]- and [Ni-Fe]-hydrogenases in DF and electroactive microbial consortia in MECs, alongside advanced electrode catalysts which collectively surmount thermodynamic and kinetic constraints, and the two stage system, such as DF connection to photo-fermentation and anaerobic digestion (AD) to microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), have been investigated. MECs can generate biohydrogen at better yields by using sugars or organic acids, and combining DF and MEC technologies could improve biohydrogen production. As such, this review highlights the challenges and possible solutions for coupling DF–MEC while also offering knowledge regarding the technical and microbiological aspects.

This study focuses on the effectiveness of zeolite (10% CF-Z [0.5]) hydrothermally synthesized from waste quartz sand and calcium fluoride (CF) for ammonium ion and heavy metal removal. Zeolite was characterized through powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, micromeritics N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of CF addition, Si/Al ratio, initial ammonium concentration, solution pH, and temperature on the adsorption of ammonium on 10% CF-Z (0.5) were further examined. Results showed that 10% CF-Z (0.5) was a single-phase zeolite A with cubic-shaped crystals and 10% CF-Z (0.5) efficiently adsorbs ammonium and heavy metals. For instance, 91% ammonium (10 mg L−1) and 93% lead (10 mg L−1) are removed. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics of ammonium adsorption on 10% CF-Z (0.5) were also theoretically analyzed. The adsorption isotherm of ammonium and lead on 10% CF-Z (0.5) in single systems indicated that Freundlich model provides the best fit for the equilibrium data, whereas pseudo-second-order model best describes the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption degree of ions on 10% CF-Z (0.5) in mixed systems exhibits the following pattern: lead > ammonium > cadmium > chromium.

This study prepares a novel phosphorene (PN) and loads it onto TiO2 to fabricate PN-TiO2 and effectively photodegrade the hydrophobic environmental hormone 17β-estradiol in aqueous solutions. The effect of the PN on degradation efficiency is systematically investigated. It is observed that the doping of TiO2 with PN significantly enhances its photocatalytic and adsorption properties compared with that in the absence of PN; that is, the addition improves the adsorption capability of the composite. The optimal PN weight content is found to be 0.5%. The performance of the PN-TiO2 photocatalyst in degrading E2 is around 67.5%. However, its photodegradation efficiency gradually decreases when the PN content is further increased. This optimal PN content directly suggests synergistic interactions affecting the photodegrading efficiency. Compared with other PN-based photocatalysts mentioned in the literature, this PN-based material possesses striking advantages, such as higher energy efficiency, greater removal capacity, and superior cost-effectiveness. Further, the decrease in the biotoxicity of the water after treatment is evident in observing the development of zebrafish embryos. The studies of the catalyst performed on the zebrafish show that it results in a higher mortality rate at 96 h with a superior hatching rate and healthy fish development. In summary, the prepared PN-based materials exhibited promising photocatalytic capabilities for the removal and biotoxicity reduction of 17β-estradiol in aqueous solutions.

Purpose In recent decades, customer experiences (CXs) have gained considerable attention from both academics and service industries. However, the role of digital technologies in CXs is largely ignored. This study aims to explore the manners of digital experience (DX) and to leverage these manners for service design. Design/methodology/approach A total of 2,178 journal articles published as of January 2022 were collected from nine high-impact service journals. Social network analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze 5,289 keywords and 22,645 edges. Findings Four DX manners (utility, sociability, informativeness and arousal) are identified from the keywords of the qualifying articles. Originality/value A digital experience service model is developed based on the concept of CX and DX manners. Academic and managerial contributions are discussed.

Co-catalyst free SrTiO 3 was prepared by hydrothermal method and it’s calcinated by different temperatures such as 300, 500, 700, and 900 °C to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production. The SrTiO 3 exhibits a cubic crystal structure which was revealed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show the combination of nano spherical-needle morphology changed into nano-cubic morphology when the temperature varied from 300 to 900 °C. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result also confirms the nano-cubic crystal structure with well-resolved edges. The elemental mapping analysis shows the Sr, Ti, O elements were distributed uniformly in the prepared SrTiO 3 . The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the presence of chemical compositions and valance state of Sr, Ti, O elements in SrTiO 3 . The self-trapped excitons recombination of SrTiO 3 was analyzed by photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of SrTiO 3 -900 °C shows the lowest electron transfer resistance which promotes effective charge separation. Among the different catalysts, SrTiO 3 -900 °C gives 6.8 mmol g −1  h −1 of hydrogen under Ultra-Violet irradiation.