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"Chang, Daniel"
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The bling ring : living the dream, one heist at a time
Inspired by actual events, The Bling Ring tells the story of a group of fame-obsessed teenagers living in the suburbs of Los Angeles who use the internet to track celebrities' whereabouts in order to rob their empty homes. Ringleader Rebecca leads the group of misfits including Marc, Nicki, Sam and Chloe on the ultimate heist for designer clothes and jewelry; and what starts out as teenage fun quickly spins out of control.
DVD
Predicting treatment response from longitudinal images using multi-task deep learning
Radiographic imaging is routinely used to evaluate treatment response in solid tumors. Current imaging response metrics do not reliably predict the underlying biological response. Here, we present a multi-task deep learning approach that allows simultaneous tumor segmentation and response prediction. We design two Siamese subnetworks that are joined at multiple layers, which enables integration of multi-scale feature representations and in-depth comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment images. The network is trained using 2568 magnetic resonance imaging scans of 321 rectal cancer patients for predicting pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In multi-institution validation, the imaging-based model achieves AUC of 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.91–0.98) and 0.92 (0.87–0.96) in two independent cohorts of 160 and 141 patients, respectively. When combined with blood-based tumor markers, the integrated model further improves prediction accuracy with AUC 0.97 (0.93–0.99). Our approach to capturing dynamic information in longitudinal images may be broadly used for screening, treatment response evaluation, disease monitoring, and surveillance.
Radiographic imaging is routinely used to evaluate treatment response in solid tumors. Here, the authors present a multi-task deep learning approach that allows simultaneous tumor segmentation and response prediction from longitudinal images in a multi-center study on rectal cancer.
Journal Article
Enhancing Post secondary Writers' Writing Skills with a Chatbot: A Mixed-Method Classroom Study
In the present study, we developed a chatbot that helps teachers to deliver writing instructions. By working with the chatbot, the post-secondary writers developed a thesis statement for their argumentative essay outlines, and the chatbot helped the writers to refine their peer review feedback. We conducted a preliminary analysis of the effect of a chatbot on these writers' writing achievement. We also collected several student testimonials about their chatbot experiences. Several important pedagogical and research implications for chatbot-guided writing instructions and the use of learning technology have been addressed.
Journal Article
Educational Design Principles of Using AI Chatbot That Supports Self-Regulated Learning in Education: Goal Setting, Feedback, and Personalization
The invention of ChatGPT and generative AI technologies presents educators with significant challenges, as concerns arise regarding students potentially exploiting these tools unethically, misrepresenting their work, or gaining academic merits without active participation in the learning process. To effectively navigate this shift, it is crucial to embrace AI as a contemporary educational trend and establish pedagogical principles for properly utilizing emerging technologies like ChatGPT to promote self-regulation. Rather than suppressing AI-driven tools, educators should foster collaborations among stakeholders, including educators, instructional designers, AI researchers, and developers. This paper proposes three key pedagogical principles for integrating AI chatbots in classrooms, informed by Zimmerman’s Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) framework and Judgment of Learning (JOL). We argue that the current conceptualization of AI chatbots in education is inadequate, so we advocate for the incorporation of goal setting (prompting), self-assessment and feedback, and personalization as three essential educational principles. First, we propose that teaching prompting is important for developing students’ SRL. Second, configuring reverse prompting in the AI chatbot’s capability will help to guide students’ SRL and monitoring for understanding. Third, developing a data-driven mechanism that enables an AI chatbot to provide learning analytics helps learners to reflect on learning and develop SRL strategies. By bringing in Zimmerman’s SRL framework with JOL, we aim to provide educators with guidelines for implementing AI in teaching and learning contexts, with a focus on promoting students’ self-regulation in higher education through AI-assisted pedagogy and instructional design.
Journal Article
Multifocal Spectacle and Monovision Treatment of Presbyopia and Falls in the Elderly
Presbyopia is an age-related condition that affects approximately 1.8 billion people worldwide. Strategies to correct presbyopia include both nonsurgical and surgical approaches. Although eye care providers assume that multifocal spectacles and monovision have lower risks than surgical interventions, there is evidence to suggest that the use of these nonsurgical approaches in the older population increases the risk for trips and falls. Each year, fall-related injuries and deaths are reported in a substantial portion of the population, both globally and in the United States. Previous studies have shown a link between visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, and visual field impairments and falls. More recent mechanistic and epidemiological studies have shown that multifocal spectacles and monovision can increase the risk for falls as well. Although evidence on the financial burden of falls related to multifocal spectacles or monovision is limited, total direct medical costs related to falls associated with multifocal spectacles are estimated to be approximately $11 billion annually in the United States. Therefore, it is important that eye care providers consider the risk for falls associated with multifocal spectacles and monovision when making decisions on the best strategy for correcting presbyopia in older adults.
[J Refract Surg. 2021;37(6 Suppl):S12–S16.]
Journal Article
Development and validation of a model to predict survival in colorectal cancer using a gradient-boosted machine
ObjectiveThe success of treatment planning relies critically on our ability to predict the potential benefit of a therapy. In colorectal cancer (CRC), several nomograms are available to predict different outcomes based on the use of tumour specific features. Our objective is to provide an accurate and explainable prediction of the risk to die within 10 years after CRC diagnosis, by incorporating the tumour features and the patient medical and demographic information.DesignIn the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening (PLCO) Trial, participants (n=154 900) were randomised to screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy, with a repeat screening at 3 or 5 years, or to usual care. We selected patients who were diagnosed with CRC during the follow-up to train a gradient-boosted model to predict the risk to die within 10 years after CRC diagnosis. Using Shapley values, we determined the 20 most relevant features and provided explanation to prediction.ResultsDuring the follow-up, 2359 patients were diagnosed with CRC. Median follow-up was 16.8 years (14.4–18.9) for mortality. In total, 686 patients (29%) died from CRC during the follow-up. The dataset was randomly split into a training (n=1887) and a testing (n=472) dataset. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.84 (±0.04) and accuracy was 0.83 (±0.04) with a 0.5 classification threshold. The model is available online for research use.ConclusionsWe trained and validated a model with prospective data from a large multicentre cohort of patients. The model has high predictive performances at the individual scale. It could be used to discuss treatment strategies.
Journal Article
Case 5-2025: A 30-Year-Old Woman with Headache and Dysesthesia
A 30-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of headache and dysesthesia. She had recently traveled to Asia and Hawaii. A diagnosis was made.
Journal Article
In vitro Biologic Activities of the Antimicrobials Triclocarban, Its Analogs, and Triclosan in Bioassay Screens: Receptor-Based Bioassay Screens
Background: Concerns have been raised about the biological and toxicologic effects of the anti-microbials triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) in personal care products. Few studies have evaluated their biological activities in mammalian cells to assess their potential for adverse effects. Objectives: In this study, we assessed the activity of TCC, its analogs, and TCS in in vitro nuclear-receptor-responsive and calcium signaling bioassays. Materials and methods: We determined the biological activities of the compounds in in vitro, cell-based, and nuclear-receptor-responsive bioassays for receptors for aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and ryanodine (RyR1). Results: Some carbanilide compounds, including TCC (1-10 μM), enhanced estradiol (E₂)-dependent or testosterone-dependent activation of ER- and AR-responsive gene expression up to 2.5-fold but exhibited little or no agonistic activity alone. Some carbanilides and TCS exhibited weak agonistic and/or antagonistic activity in the AhR-responsive bioassay. TCS exhibited antagonistic activity in both ER- and AR-responsive bioassays. TCS (0.1-10 μM) significantly enhanced the binding of [³H]ryanodine to RyR1 and caused elevation of resting cytosolic [Ca²⁺] in primary skeletal myotubes, but carbanilides had no effect. Conclusions: Carbanilides, including TCC, enhanced hormone-dependent induction of ER- and AR-dependent gene expression but had little agonist activity, suggesting a new mechanism of action of endocrine-disrupting compounds. TCS, structurally similar to noncoplanar ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls, exhibited weak AhR activity but interacted with RyR1 and stimulated Ca²⁺ mobilization. These observations have potential implications for human and animal health. Further investigations are needed into the biological and toxicologic effects of TCC, its analogs, and TCS.
Journal Article
An early precursor CD8+ T cell that adapts to acute or chronic viral infection
This study examines the origin and differentiation of stem-like CD8
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T cells that are essential for sustained T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer and also have a key role in PD-1 directed immunotherapy
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. These PD-1
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TCF-1
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TOX
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stem-like CD8
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T cells (also known as precursors of exhausted T cells
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) have a distinct program that enables them to adapt to chronic antigen stimulation. Here, using the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, we find that virus-specific stem-like CD8
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T cells are generated early (day 5) during chronic infection, suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of the infection outcome. Indeed, we find that nearly identical populations of stem-like CD8
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T cells were generated early during acute or chronic LCMV infection, and that antigen was essential for maintaining the stem-like phenotype. We performed reciprocal adoptive transfer experiments to determine the fate of these early stem-like CD8
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T cells after viral clearance versus persistence. After transfer of day 5 stem-like CD8
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T cells from chronically infected mice into acutely infected mice, these cells downregulated canonical markers of the chronic stem-like CD8
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T cells and expressed markers (CD127 and CD62L) associated with central memory CD8
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T cells. Reciprocally, when day 5 stem-like cells from acutely infected mice were transferred into chronically infected mice, these CD8
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T cells functioned like chronic resource cells and responded effectively to PD-1 therapy. These findings highlight the ability of these early PD-1
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TCF-1
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TOX
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stem-like CD8
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T cells to adapt their differentiation trajectory to either an acute or a chronic viral infection. Importantly, our study shows that the host is prepared a priori to deal with a potential chronic infection.
Stem-like CD8
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T cells specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are generated early during chronic infection, suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of the infection outcome.
Journal Article
