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"Chang, Lei"
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An energy-aware cluster-based routing in the Internet of things using particle swarm optimization algorithm and fuzzy clustering
The effectiveness and longevity of IoT infrastructures heavily depend on the limitations posed by communication, multi-hop data transfers, and the inherent difficulties of wireless links. In dealing with these challenges, routing, and data transmission procedures are critical. Among the fundamental concerns are the attainment of energy efficiency and an ideal distribution of loads among sensing devices, given the restricted energy resources at the disposal of IoT devices. To meet these challenges, the present research suggests a novel hybrid energy-aware IoT routing approach that mixes the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and fuzzy clustering. The approach begins with a fuzzy clustering algorithm to initially group sensor nodes by their geographical location and assign them to clusters determined by a certain probability. The proposed method includes a fitness function considering energy consumption and distance factors. This feature guides the optimization process and aims to balance energy efficiency and data transmission distance. The hierarchical topology uses the advanced PSO algorithm to identify the cluster head nodes. The MATLAB simulator shows that our method outperforms previous approaches. Various metrics have demonstrated significant improvements over DEEC and LEACH. The method reduces energy consumption by 52% and 16%, improves throughput by 112% and 10%, increases packet delivery rates by 83% and 15%, and extends the network lifespan by 48% and 27%, respectively, compared to DEEC and LEACH approaches.
Journal Article
Gender Differences in Emotional Response: Inconsistency between Experience and Expressivity
The present study investigated gender differences in both emotional experience and expressivity. Heart rate (HR) was recorded as an indicator of emotional experience while the participants watched 16 video clips that induced eight types of emotion (sadness, anger, horror, disgust, neutrality, amusement, surprise, and pleasure). We also asked the participants to report valence, arousal, and motivation as indicators of emotional expressivity. Overall, the results revealed gender differences in emotional experience and emotional expressivity. When watching videos that induced anger, amusement, and pleasure, men showed larger decreases in HR, whereas women reported higher levels of arousal. There was no gender difference in HR when the participants watched videos that induced horror and disgust, but women reported lower valence, higher arousal, and stronger avoidance motivation than did men. Finally, no gender difference was observed in sadness or surprise, although there was one exception-women reported higher arousal when watching videos that induced sadness. The findings suggest that, when watching videos that induce an emotional response, men often have more intense emotional experiences, whereas women have higher emotional expressivity, particularly for negative emotions. In addition, gender differences depend on the specific emotion type but not the valence.
Journal Article
The Delivery and Activation of Growth Factors Using Nanomaterials for Bone Repair
Bone regeneration is a comprehensive process that involves different stages, and various growth factors (GFs) play crucial roles in the entire process. GFs are currently widely used in clinical settings to promote bone repair; however, the direct application of GFs is often limited by their fast degradation and short local residual time. Additionally, GFs are expensive, and their use may carry risks of ectopic osteogenesis and potential tumor formation. Nanomaterials have recently shown great promise in delivering GFs for bone regeneration, as they can protect fragile GFs and control their release. Moreover, functional nanomaterials can directly activate endogenous GFs, modulating the regeneration process. This review provides a summary of the latest advances in using nanomaterials to deliver exogenous GFs and activate endogenous GFs to promote bone regeneration. We also discuss the potential for synergistic applications of nanomaterials and GFs in bone regeneration, along with the challenges and future directions that need to be addressed.
Journal Article
LncRNA HOTAIR Regulates CCND1 and CCND2 Expression by Sponging miR-206 in Ovarian Cancer
Background/Aims: The long noncoding RNA homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been demonstrated to be a vital modulator in the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, but its potential molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we aimed to uncover the biological role of lncRNA HOTAIR and its underlying regulatory mechanism in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Methods: HOTAIR expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and northern blotting. The SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line was chosen for the subsequent assays. In addition, the molecular mRNA and protein expression levels were examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism was validated by bioinformatics analysis and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: HOTAIR expression was significantly higher in ovarian carcinoma tissues and cell lines than in the control counterparts. Both CCND1 and CCND2 were downstream targets of miR-206. The inhibition of HOTAIR elevated the expression of miR-206 and inhibited the expression of CCND1 and CCND2. Moreover, CCND1 and CCND2 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, and their expression was positively correlated with HOTAIR expression. Finally, the functional assays indicated that the anticancer effects of miR-206 could be rescued by the simultaneous overexpression of either CCND1 or CCND2 in ovarian cancer. Conclusion: HOTAIR enhanced CCND1 and CCND2 expression by negatively modulating miR-206 expression and stimulating the proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
Journal Article
Extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion
Chemoresistance and metastasis are the major challenges for the current ovarian cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of ovarian cancer progression and metastasis is critically important for developing novel therapies. The advances in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research in recent years have attracted extensive attention. EVs contain a variety of proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and metabolites. Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian cancer cells secrete a large amount of EVs, playing an important role in tumor progression and recurrence. In the microenvironment of ovarian tumor, EVs participate in the information transmission between stromal cells and immune cells, promoting the immune escape of ovarian cancer cells and facilitating cancer metastasis. Here, we review the recent advances of EVs in chemoresistance, mechanisms of metastasis, and immune evasion of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges of EV research and future application of EVs as promising biomarker sources in response to therapy and in therapy-delivery approaches for ovarian cancer patients.
Journal Article
Application of plant-derived products as adjuvants for immune activation and vaccine development
Vaccines are one of the most important means to prevent and control the epidemic of infectious diseases. Commercial vaccines not only include corresponding antigens, but also need vaccine adjuvants. Immune adjuvants play an increasingly important role in the research, development and manufacture of vaccines. Adjuvants combined with antigens can improve the stability, safety and immune efficiency of vaccines. Some substances that can enhance the immune response have been found in nature(mainly plants) and used as adjuvants in vaccines to improve the immune effect of vaccines. These plant-derived immune adjuvants often have the advantages of low toxicity, high stability, low price, etc., providing more possibilities for vaccine development. We summarized and analyzed the advantages, application research, particulate delivery systems, existing problems and future research focus of botanical adjuvant. It is hoped to provide new ideas for the research and development of immune adjuvants in the future.
Journal Article
Chiral fermion reversal in chiral crystals
In materials chiral fermions such as Weyl fermions are characterized by nonzero chiral charges, which are singular points of Berry curvature in momentum space. Recently, new types of chiral fermions beyond Weyl fermions have been discovered in structurally chiral crystals CoSi, RhSi and PtAl. Here, we have synthesized RhSn single crystals, which have opposite structural chirality to the CoSi crystals we previously studied. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that the bulk electronic structures of RhSn are consistent with the band calculations and observe evident surface Fermi arcs and helical surface bands, confirming the existence of chiral fermions in RhSn. It is noteworthy that the helical surface bands of the RhSn and CoSi crystals have opposite handedness, meaning that the chiral fermions are reversed in the crystals of opposite structural chirality. Our discovery establishes a direct connection between chiral fermions in momentum space and chiral lattices in real space.
Exotic chiral fermions beyond Weyl fermions have recently been discovered in a series of chiral crystals such as CoSi. Here, the authors report the evidences of chiral fermions in RhSn with opposite handedness compared to those observed in CoSi, where the structural chirality is also opposite.
Journal Article
A Comparison of the Impacts of Different Drying Methods on the Volatile Organic Compounds in Ginseng
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a valuable plant resource which has been used for centuries as both food and traditional Chinese medicine. It is popular in health research and markets globally. Fresh ginseng has a high moisture content and is prone to mold and rot, reducing its nutritional value without proper preservation. Drying treatments are effective for maintaining the beneficial properties of ginseng post-harvest. In this study, we investigated the effects of natural air drying (ND), hot-air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and vacuum freeze drying (VFD) on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ginseng. The results showed that the MVD time was the shortest, followed by the VFD, VD, and HAD times, whereas the ND time was the longest, but the VFD is the most beneficial to the appearance and color retention of ginseng. A total of 72 VOCs were obtained and 68 VOCs were identified using the five drying methods based on gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology, including 23 aldehydes, 19 alkenes, 10 alcohols, 10 ketones, 4 esters, 1 furan, and 1 pyrazine, and the ND method was the best for retaining VOCs. GC-IMS fingerprints, principal component analysis (PCA), Euclidean distance analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and cluster analysis (CA) can distinguish ginseng from different drying methods. A total of 29 VOCs can be used as the main characteristic markers of different drying methods in ginseng. Overall, our findings provide scientific theoretical guidance for optimizing ginseng’s drying methods, aromatic health effects, and flavor quality research.
Journal Article
Investigating the common genetic basis between inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome through genomic structural equation modeling
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibit a complex interplay, with clinical evidence indicating an increasing incidence of their co-occurrence. However, current research lacks a systematic framework to model the pleiotropic genetic architecture linking gastrointestinal and liver-metabolic phenotypes, thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of how multiple genetic risk factors converge to drive IBD-MetS comorbidity.
This study employed genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) to integrate genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for IBD and MetS-related traits (body mass index, triglycerides, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes), creating the multivariate GWAS summary datasets. Post-GWAS analytical approaches were subsequently utilized to assess risky loci, gene functionality, and tissue-specific regulatory networks, aiming to elucidate the pathological connections between chronic low-grade inflammation and the gut-liver-metabolic axis.
Genomic SEM identified a shared latent genetic factor between IBD and MetS (Comparative Fit Index = 0.9864, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.0602). A total of 522 lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were identified, including 21 novel SNPs specific to the multivariate model that were not detected in univariate GWAS. Fine-mapping with SuSiE and FINEMAP identified 29 high-confidence causal SNPs. Integrating SNP fine-mapping with MAGMA, FUSION, and FOCUS analyses confirmed seven core genes.
To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the shared genetic architecture of IBD and MetS through a multivariate genetic model. The results deepen the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying IBD and MetS and offer potential therapeutic targets and a conceptual framework for developing interventions for cross-system diseases.
Journal Article