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When Palestinian filmmaker Leila Sansour left Bethlehem in the 1980s there were no military checkpoints intimidating the city, no separation wall jutting into residential gardens, and no Israeli settlements dominating the horizon. Referencing a line from a Mahmoud Darwish poem - 'Where should the birds fly after the last sky?' - Sansour says Palestinians need to keep going through adversity and the challenges of Israeli military occupation.

The genomic complexity of profound copy number aberrations has prevented effective molecular stratification of ovarian cancers. Here, to decode this complexity, we derived copy number signatures from shallow whole-genome sequencing of 117 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cases, which were validated on 527 independent cases. We show that HGSOC comprises a continuum of genomes shaped by multiple mutational processes that result in known patterns of genomic aberration. Copy number signature exposures at diagnosis predict both overall survival and the probability of platinum-resistant relapse. Measurement of signature exposures provides a rational framework to choose combination treatments that target multiple mutational processes. The authors identify copy number signatures from shallow whole-genome sequencing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cases. HGSOC comprises a continuum of genomes shaped by multiple mutational processes that result in genomic aberration.

During the past century, the Kootenai River, Idaho (USA), has experienced cultural oligotrophication following extensive levee construction, channelization, wetland drainage, and impoundment. A multiyear, whole-river nutrient-addition experiment was undertaken to mitigate these effects. The river was dosed with liquid agricultural-grade ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer (10-34-0) from June through September 2006–2010 to achieve an in-river total dissolved P (TDP) concentration of 3.0 µg/L. A fine-scale monitoring program included 8 sites over a 20-km reach (2 upstream control sites, one injection site, and 5 downstream treatment sites). Nutrient addition did not significantly increase N and P concentrations in the water column, but it significantly increased chlorophyll accrual rates and densities of edible green algae and diatoms. Nutrient addition significantly reduced NO3 –+NO2 –concentrations, atomic TN∶TP ratios, and densities of inedible cyanophytes. Mean NO3 –+NO2 –values decreased along a downstream gradient below the nutrient-addition site, whereas chlorophyll accrual rate typically peaked immediately downstream from the nutrient addition site then decreased progressively downstream. Our study showed that nutrient addition is a useful river restoration technique for the Kootenai River.

Genomic complexity from profound copy-number aberration has prevented effective molecular stratification of ovarian and other cancers. Here we present a method for copy-number signature identification that decodes this complexity. We derived eight signatures using 117 shallow whole-genome sequenced high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases, which were validated on a further 497 cases. Mutational processes underlying the copy-number signatures were identified, including breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, homologous recombination deficiency and whole-genome duplication. We show that most tumours are heterogeneous and harbour multiple signature exposures. We also demonstrate that copy number signatures predict overall survival and changes in signature exposure observed in response to chemotherapy suggest potential treatment strategies.