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This last century, the development of new medicinal molecules represents a real breakthrough in terms of humans and animal life expectancy and quality of life. However, this success is tainted by negative environmental consequences. Indeed, the synthesis of drug candidates requires the use of many chemicals, solvents, and processes that are very hazardous, toxic, energy consuming, expensive, and generates a large amount of waste. Many large pharmaceutical companies have thus moved to using green chemistry practices for drug discovery, development, and manufacturing. One of them is the use of energy-efficient activation techniques, such as ultrasound. This review summarizes the latest most representative works published on the use of ultrasound for sustainable bioactive molecules synthesis.

This article aims to study the interest of spent coffee grounds (SCG) valorization through caffeine recovery. In an original way, this study takes into account all the parameters such as (i) the brewing coffee methods (household, coffee shops, etc.); (ii) the storage conditions, in particular the drying step; (iii) the solid/liquid extraction parameters such as the nature of solvent, the temperature, the extraction time and the solid/liquid ratio; and (iv) the liquid/liquid purification parameters such as the nature, the volume and the pH of extraction medium. Results have shown that spent coffee grounds from coffee-shops obtained by percolation contain a higher amount of caffeine than spent coffee grounds from households obtained from spent pods or filters. A drying treatment is not required when extraction is performed under one week after the spent coffee grounds collection with 96.4% of not degraded caffeine. Solid/liquid extraction performed with 25 mL.g−1 SCG of hydroalcoholic solvent (water/EtOH, v/v 60/40) at 60 °C during 15 min have given a caffeine yield up to 4.67 mg.g−1 SCG. When using ethyl acetate, 93.4% of the caffeine has been selectively recovered by liquid/liquid extraction. Finally, the extraction of caffeine for the valorization of spent coffee grounds is a promising and easy way, which fits with an already important and well established market.

Oxidation of alcohols plays an important role in industrial chemistry. Novel green techniques, such as sonochemistry, could be economically interesting by improving industrial synthesis yield. In this paper, we studied the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol as a model of aromatic alcohol compound under various experimental parameters such as substrate concentration, oxidant nature and concentration, catalyst nature and concentration, temperature, pH, reaction duration, and ultrasound frequency. The influence of each parameter was studied with and without ultrasound to identify the individual sonochemical effect on the transformation. Our main finding was an increase in the yield and selectivity for benzaldehyde under ultrasonic conditions. Hydrogen peroxide and iron sulfate were used as green oxidant and catalyst. Coupled with ultrasound, these conditions increased the benzaldehyde yield by +45% compared to silent conditions. Investigation concerning the transformation mechanism revealed the involvement of radical species.

Spent coffee grounds are a promising bioresource that naturally contain around 50 wt% moisture which requires, for a valorization, a drying step of high energy and economic costs. However, the natural water in spent coffee grounds could bring new benefits as a co-solvent during the supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2). This work reports the influence and optimization of pressure (115.9–284.1 bars), temperature (33.2–66.8 °C), and moisture content (6.4–73.6 wt%) on simultaneous extraction of lipids and polar molecules contained in spent coffee grounds by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) using Central Composite Rotatable Design and Response Surface Methodology. The results show that for lipids extraction, pressure is the most influent parameter, although the influence of moisture content is statistically negligible. This suggests that water does not act as barrier to CO2 diffusion in the studied area. However, moisture content is the most influent parameter for polar molecules extraction, composed of 99 wt% of caffeine. Mechanism investigations highlight that H2O mainly act by (i) breaking caffeine interactions with chlorogenic acids present in spent coffee grounds matrix and (ii) transferring selectively caffeine without chlorogenic acid by liquid/liquid extraction with SC-CO2. Thus, the experiment for the optimization of lipids and polar molecules extraction is performed at a pressure of 265 bars, a temperature of 55 °C, and a moisture content of 55 wt%.

Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) is among the world’s most problematic invasive plant species with negative ecological, socio-economic and security consequences. Management operations in areas invaded systematically generate a large quantity of plant waste, most often without outlets. Using this plant material could constitute a new alternative treatment for sustainable management. P. cuspidatum is well known to have numerous biological properties, containing notably stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The present work proposes a reliable strategy using powerful techniques for the screening and the evaluation of the dermo-cosmetic potential of its aerial parts (AP) and root parts (RP). To the best of our knowledge, only antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities were previously evaluated on P. cuspidatum among the targets studied (superoxide dismutase, hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase and tyrosinase). The results revealed strong antioxidant and anti-collagenase activities, moderate anti-hyaluronidase activity, while weak anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activities were observed for ethanolic extracts. Different standards selected and screened on the same targets made it possible to correlate the observed residual activities of produced extracts of P. cuspidatum from Savoie Mont Blanc and their chemical compositions. A structure-activity study was thus conducted on main molecular families, widely represented in the genus Polygonum.

We use a recently introduced combinatorial object, the$\\textit{interval-poset}$ , to describe two bijections on intervals of the Tamari lattice. Both bijections give a combinatorial proof of some previously known results. The first one is an inner bijection between Tamari intervals that exchanges the$\\textit{initial rise}$and$\\textit{lower contacts}$statistics. Those were introduced by Bousquet-Mélou, Fusy, and Préville-Ratelle who proved they were symmetrically distributed but had no combinatorial explanation. The second bijection sends a Tamari interval to a closed flow of an ordered forest. These combinatorial objects were studied by Chapoton in the context of the Pre-Lie operad and the connection with the Tamari order was still unclear. Nous utilisons les$\\textit{intervalles-posets}$ , très récemment introduits, pour décrire deux bijections sur les intervalles du treillis de Tamari. Nous obtenons ainsi des preuves combinatoires de précédents résultats. La première bijection est une opération interne sur les intervalles qui échange les statistiques de la$\\textit{montée initiale}$et du$\\textit{nombre de contacts}$ . Ces dernières ont été introduites par Bousquet-Mélou, Fusy et Préville-Ratelle qui ont prouvé qu’elles étaient symétriquement distribuées sans pour autant proposer d’explication combinatoire. La seconde bijection fait le lien avec un objet étudié par Chapoton dans le cadre de l’opérade Pré-Lie : les flots sur les forêts ordonnées. Le lien avec l’ordre de Tamari avait déjà été remarqué sans pour autant être expliqué.

La sonochimie, ou l’utilisation des ultrasons de puissance pour des applications en chimie, est fondée sur les effets physico-chimiques engendrés par la cavitation acoustique. Cette technologie de rupture fait l’objet de recherches académiques qui ont démontré récemment de nouvelles efficacités et réactivités, ainsi que des apports en termes de chimie verte, dans différentes applications en matière de chimie organique, de catalyse, de matériaux, de polymères, d’extraction ou encore de remédiation environnementale. La démonstration de procédés sonochimiques innovants à grande échelle permettrait de montrer le potentiel, peut-être sous-exploité, de la sonochimie pour l’industrie. Sonochemistry ‒ the use of powerful ultrasounds for applications in chemistry ‒ is based on the physical and chemical effects of acoustic cavitation in liquids. This breakthrough technology is the subject of academic research, which has explored the new properties resulting from this process and the advantages for a green chemistry with applications in organic chemistry, catalysis, polymer chemistry, extraction and even environmental remediation. Demonstrating the innovativeness of sonochemical processes on a large scale would draw attention to the relatively untapped potential of sonochemistry in industry.

This review focuses on the utilization of apple waste for antimicrobial applications, aiming to enhance its value. The use of sub- and supercritical fluids for extracting biological molecules is emphasized as a promising eco-extraction technology. The study highlights the significant antimicrobial activities observed in the extracts obtained from apple waste. Furthermore, the influence of extraction and storage conditions on the chemical profile and biological activity of these extracts is discussed. Supercritical CO 2 extraction was found to produce higher quality extracts compared to conventional methods, primarily due to the absence of air and light. To maintain the chemical and biological properties of the extracts, it is crucial to carefully control the pretreatments, drying processes, and storage conditions of the apple waste. Lastly, this review explores the potential enhancement of biological activities through physicochemical functionalization methods. Graphical Abstract

The wine industry represents a significant economic sector; however, it generates large volumes of waste that can be valorized due to the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly stilbenes. These naturally occurring stilbenes exhibit remarkable potential in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antidiabetic properties, anti-inflammatory activity, and cancer prevention and therapy. This review discusses biosynthesis, structures, extraction methods, and mechanisms of action of stilbenes, with a particular emphasis on cancer prevention and treatment. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies demonstrate that stilbenes modulate multiple molecular pathways by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism. However, the clinical application of stilbenes is limited by their low bioavailability. To overcome this, pharmaceutical formulations have been developed to enhance their stability and bioavailability, reduce side effects, and improve target interactions. These advances are expected to increase the therapeutic efficacy of stilbenes. Furthermore, information on the health benefits of less common stilbenes remains limited, highlighting the need for further research on these compounds.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of apple pomace (AP) extracts using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Six NADES, based on choline chloride (ChCl), were used as environmentally friendly solvents. Four of these were combined with organic acids, while the other two were combined with urea; they were then used to extract bioactive compounds from AP. ChCl:urea mixture proved to be the solvent with the highest total polyphenol content (TPC), with 13.15 ± 4.70 mg gallic acid equivalent/mL. Antioxidant activity and total anthocyanidin content (TAC) were also assessed. ChCl:oxalic acid recorded the highest values with 35.59 ± 9.53 mg extract/mL and 64.81 ± 4.65 malvidin‐3‐glucose equivalent μg/mL, respectively. Solvent pH plays a crucial role in selective extraction; an acidic pH facilitates selective anthocyanidin extraction, while a basic pH does not. Anthocyanidin extraction correlated with extract antioxidant activity and solvent viscosity. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the extracts against Bacillus cereus , Listeria innocua , and Escherichia coli strains was studied. All extracts showed antibacterial properties against the strains tested. The ChCl:oxalic acid extracts showed particularly low minimum inhibitory concentrations (e.g., 25 mg extract /mL for B. cereus ) and EC 50 values (e.g., 6.0 ± 0.3 mg extract /mL for B. cereus ).