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In this research paper, we investigate a Finsler-Randers spacetime in the context of a Bianchi type-V model of universe within the framework of Lyra geometry, employing a modified f( R , T ) gravity theory that incorporates a cosmological constant Λ . We have derived the corresponding anisotropic Friedmann equations for the Finsler–Randers Bianchi type-V model of universe with modified f( R , T ) gravity in Lyra geometry, including the contributions of the cosmological constant and Randers anisotropic terms b0(t) and obtained analytical solutions. Further, we have examined the behavior of various dynamical parameters, commonly used in cosmological analysis, both geometrical and graphical interpretations have been provided. Furthermore, we have derived the Raychaudhuri equation in terms of the cosmological constant as a function of the cosmic time t. Our analysis reveals that the shear scalar σ2 and the scalar expansion θ decrease with cosmic time and tend to zero at late times, indicating the isotropization of the universe in the presence of the cosmological constant; however, the Hubble parameter approaches a constant value rather than vanishing, while the energy density ρ , pressure P , and the Lyra gauge function β remain finite and non-zero even at large cosmic times. Ultimately, we conclude that the universe described by this framework exhibits continuous acceleration, as indicated by the negative value of the deceleration parameter q.

In this research paper, we investigate a Finsler-Randers spacetime in the context of a Bianchi type-V model of universe within the framework of Lyra geometry, employing a modified f(R,T) gravity theory that incorporates a cosmological constant Λ. We have derived the corresponding anisotropic Friedmann equations for the Finsler–Randers Bianchi type-V model of universe with modified f(R,T) gravity in Lyra geometry, including the contributions of the cosmological constant and Randers anisotropic terms b0(t) and obtained analytical solutions. Further, we have examined the behavior of various dynamical parameters, commonly used in cosmological analysis, both geometrical and graphical interpretations have been provided. Furthermore, we have derived the Raychaudhuri equation in terms of the cosmological constant as a function of the cosmic time t. Our analysis reveals that the shear scalar σ2 and the scalar expansion θ decrease with cosmic time and tend to zero at late times, indicating the isotropization of the universe in the presence of the cosmological constant; however, the Hubble parameter approaches a constant value rather than vanishing, while the energy density ρ, pressure P, and the Lyra gauge function β remain finite and non-zero even at large cosmic times. Ultimately, we conclude that the universe described by this framework exhibits continuous acceleration, as indicated by the negative value of the deceleration parameter q.

Reprocessing of high plutonium content spent nuclear fuel from fast reactors results in the generation of lean organic solution containing considerably high amount of di-butyl phosphoric acid. Use of sodium carbonate as wash reagent has constraints in the view point of process operation. In this context, an alternative method for the wash of radiolytically degraded 1.1 M TBP/ n -dodecane was proposed. Studies indicated that that the use of 1.5 M of hydrazine carbonate was effective for the treatment of solvent degraded up to 300 kGy and the product obtained were comparable to the fresh solvent.

Joint Attention (JA), a crucial social skill for developing shared focus, is often impaired in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), affecting social communication and highlighting the need for early intervention. Addressing gaps in prior research, such as limited use of immersive technology and reliance on distracting peripherals, we developed a novel JA training platform using Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) devices. The platform integrates eye gaze-based interactions to ensure participants undivided attention. To validate the platform, we conducted experiments on ASD (N=19) and Neurotypical (NT) (N=13) participants under a trained pediatric neurologist's supervision. For quantitative analysis, we employed key measures such as the number of correct responses, the duration of establishing eye contact (s), and the duration of registering a response (s), along with correlations to CARS scores and age. Results from AR-based experiments showed NT participants registered responses significantly faster (<0.00001) than ASD participants. A correlation (Spearman coefficient=0.57, p=0.03) was found between ASD participants response time and CARS scores. A similar trend was observed in VR-based experiments. When comparing response accuracy in ASD participants across platforms, AR yielded a higher correctness rate (92.30%) than VR (69.49%), indicating AR's greater effectiveness. These findings suggest that immersive technology can aid JA training in ASD. Future studies should explore long-term benefits and real-world applicability.