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"Chee, Harold"
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INTERNATIONAL
As China's economic growth continues unabated, there is an increasing demand for a professional layer of managers with the competences relevant to operating in a global economy. The use of Western management education as a tool to attain managerial effectiveness and efficiency has become popular in China.
Trade Publication Article
Culture clash: Five tips for Western firms that want to do business with China
[...] understand the critically important concept of \"face\". [...] the Chinese chief executive left the banquet unusually early. 2.
Newspaper Article
A Multi-Platform Optical Sensor for In Vivo and In Vitro Algae Classification
Differentiation among major algal groups is important for the ecological and biogeochemical characterization of water bodies, and for practical management of water resources. It helps to discern the taxonomic groups that are beneficial to aquatic life from the organisms causing harmful algal blooms. An LED-induced fluorescence (LEDIF) instrument capable of fluorescence, absorbance, and scattering measurements; is used for in vivo and in vitro identification and quantification of four algal groups found in freshwater and marine environments. Aqueous solutions of individual and mixed dissolved biological pigments relevant to different algal groups were measured to demonstrate the LEDIF’s capabilities in measuring extracted pigments. Different genera of algae were cultivated and the cell counts of the samples were quantified with a hemacytometer and/or cellometer. Dry weight of different algae cells was also measured to determine the cell counts-to-dry weight correlations. Finally, in vivo measurements of different genus of algae at different cell concentrations and mixed algal group in the presence of humic acid were performed with the LEDIF. A field sample from a local reservoir was measured with the LEDIF and the results were verified using hemacytometer, cellometer, and microscope. The results demonstrated the LEDIF’s capabilities in classifying and quantifying different groups of live algae.
Journal Article
A Prototype Sensor for In Situ Sensing of Fine Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds
Air pollution exposure causes seven million deaths per year, according to the World Health Organization. Possessing knowledge of air quality and sources of air pollution is crucial for managing air pollution and providing early warning so that a swift counteractive response can be carried out. An optical prototype sensor (AtmOptic) capable of scattering and absorbance measurements has been developed to target in situ sensing of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For particulate matter testing, a test chamber was constructed and the emission of PM2.5 from incense burning inside the chamber was measured using the AtmOptic. The weight of PM2.5 particles was collected and measured with a filter to determine their concentration and the sensor signal-to-concentration correlation. The results of the AtmOptic were also compared and found to trend well with the Dylos DC 1100 Pro air quality monitor. The absorbance spectrum of VOCs emitted from various laboratory chemicals and household products as well as a two chemical mixtures were recorded. The quantification was demonstrated, using toluene as an example, by calibrating the AtmOptic with compressed gas standards containing VOCs at different concentrations. The results demonstrated the sensor capabilities in measuring PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds.
Journal Article
Do shapes and dimensions of scleral flap and sclerostomy influence aqueous outflow in trabeculectomy? A finite element simulation approach
Background/aimThis study aimed to provide an objective assessment of the effects on the aqueous outflow rate of various geometries of the scleral flap and sclerostomy created in trabeculectomy.MethodComputer-based models and simulations of this surgical procedure were used to investigate the relative effects of various shapes and dimensions of scleral flap and sclerostomy on the aqueous outflow.ResultIn these computer simulations, increasing scleral flap size was found to be associated with an increase of 48.55% in aqueous egress. In addition, a square scleral flap increased the aqueous drainage by 36.26% compared with a triangular flap of equivalent flap area. Surprisingly, our simulation results showed that a smaller semicircular sclerostomy improved aqueous drainage by up to 33.00%, while a semicircular sclerostomy, compared with a circular sclerostomy, led to a further 6.16% increase in aqueous outflow. Decreasing flap thickness beyond half-thickness caused an additional increase in aqueous outflow. However, clinically the flap should not be thinner than half the thickness of the sclera as this may result in hypotony.ConclusionThese simulations indicate that the optimal flow rate through operation site will be achieved in trabeculectomy using a square scleral flap with a large flap-to-sclerostomy ratio.
Journal Article
Corrections for matrix effects on fluorescence measurement of a multi-platform optical sensor
The LEDIF (LED-induced fluorescence) is an in situ optical instrument that utilizes fluorescence, absorbance, and scattering to identify and quantify substances in water bodies. In this study, matrix effects on fluorescence signals caused by inner filtering, temperature, intramolecular deactivation, turbidity, and pH were investigated, and compensation equations developed to correct measured values and improve accuracy. Multiple simultaneous matrix effect corrections were demonstrated with a laboratory sample subjected to known interferences and physical conditions. In general, compensation was found to be important to improve the accuracy of fluorescence measurements.
Journal Article
Urinary Metals Concentrations and Biomarkers of Autoimmunity among Navajo and Nicaraguan Men
Metals are suspected contributors of autoimmune disease among indigenous Americans. However, the association between metals exposure and biomarkers of autoimmunity is under-studied. In Nicaragua, environmental exposure to metals is also largely unexamined with regard to autoimmunity. We analyzed pooled and stratified exposure and outcome data from Navajo (n = 68) and Nicaraguan (n = 47) men of similar age and health status in order to characterize urinary concentrations of metals, compare concentrations with the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) male population, and examine the associations with biomarkers of autoimmunity. Urine samples were analyzed for metals via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Serum samples were examined for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at 1:160 and 1:40 dilutions, using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and for specific autoantibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations of urinary metals with autoimmune biomarkers, adjusted for group (Navajo or Nicaraguan), age, and seafood consumption. The Nicaraguan men had higher urinary metal concentrations compared with both NHANES and the Navajo for most metals; however, tin was highest among the Navajo, and uranium was much higher in both populations compared with NHANES. Upper tertile associations with ANA positivity at the 1:160 dilution were observed for barium, cesium, lead, strontium and tungsten.
Journal Article
Temporal factors in school closure policy for mitigating the spread of influenza
Is school closure effective in mitigating influenza outbreaks? For Singapore, we developed an individual-based simulation model using real-life contact data. We evaluated the impacts of temporal factors — trigger threshold and duration — on the effectiveness of school closure as a mitigation policy. We found an upper bound of the duration of school closure, where further extension beyond which will not bring additional benefits to suppressing the attack rate and peak incidence. For school closure with a relatively short duration (< 6 weeks), it is more effective to start closure after a relatively longer delay from the first day of infection; if the duration of school closure is long (> 6 weeks), however, it is better to start it as early as reasonable. Our studies reveal the critical importance of timing in school closure, especially in cost-cautious situations. Our studies also demonstrate the great potential of a properly developed individual-based simulation model in evaluating various disease control policies.
Journal Article
