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Malnutrition affects growth and development in humans and causes socio-economic losses. Normal maize is deficient in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan; and vitamin-A. Crop biofortification is a sustainable and economical approach to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. We combined favorable alleles of crtRB1 and lcyE genes into opaque2 ( o2 )-based four inbreds viz . QLM11, QLM12, QLM13, and QLM14 using marker-assisted backcross breeding. These are parents of quality protein maize versions of two elite hybrids viz . Buland and PMH1, grown in India. Gene-based SSRs for o2 and InDel markers for crtRB1 and lcyE were successfully employed for foreground selection in BC 1 F 1 , BC 2 F 1 , and BC 2 F 2 generations. The recurrent parent genome recovery ranged from 88.9 to 96.0% among introgressed progenies. Kernels of pyramided lines possessed a high concentration of proA (7.14–9.63 ppm), compared to 1.05 to 1.41 ppm in the recurrent parents, while lysine and tryptophan ranged from 0.28–0.44% and 0.07–0.09%, respectively. The reconstituted hybrids (RBuland and RPMH1) showed significant enhancement of endosperm proA (6.97–9.82 ppm), tryptophan (0.07–0.09%), and lysine (0.29–0.43%), while grain yield was at par with their original versions. The dissemination of reconstituted hybrids holds significant promise to alleviate vitamin-A deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition in developing countries.

Internet of things (IOT) can be defined as network of networks which allows finding digital entities and physical objects.IoT describes a system where items in the actual world, and sensors within or linked to these items, are connected to the Internet via wireless and wired Internet connections.AODV is the routing protocol that is used in it .This paper aims to evaluate the performance in terms of and compare the three scenario in terms of throughput,packets transmitted and packets collided. The mobility model included in it is Random Waypoint. Simulations are carried out using NETSIM simulator and lastly, we present simulation results that illustrate how the performance drastically changes, as a result of changing the scenario.