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Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is being explored as a predictive biomarker for cancer immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. BFAST (NCT03178552)—an open-label, global, multicohort trial—evaluated the safety and efficacy of first-line targeted therapies or immunotherapy in patients with unresectable Stage IIIB or IV advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who were selected for biomarker status using blood-based targeted next-generation sequencing. In the Phase 3 cohort C evaluating blood-based (b)TMB as a biomarker of atezolizumab efficacy, patients with bTMB of ≥10 ( N  = 471) were randomized 1:1 to receive atezolizumab or platinum-based chemotherapy per local standard of care. Cohort C did not meet its primary endpoint of investigator-assessed progression-free survival in the population with bTMB of ≥16 (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 1.00; P  = 0.053). Adverse events leading to treatment withdrawal occurred in 10% of patients in the atezolizumab arm and 20% in the chemotherapy arm. Adverse events of special interest occurred in 42% of patients in the atezolizumab arm and 26% in the chemotherapy arm. A prespecified exploratory analysis compared the bTMB clinical trial assay with the FoundationOne Liquid Companion Diagnostic assay and showed high concordance between assays. Additional exploration of bTMB to identify optimal cutoffs, confounding factors, assay improvements or cooperative biomarkers is warranted. In a phase 3 trial, selection of non-small cell lung cancer patients based on high blood-based tumor mutation burden did not improve clinical response to the checkpoint blockade inhibitor atezolizumab, as compared with standard of care platinum-based chemotherapy.

Explains the underlying causes of four contained conflicts on the subcontinent, their consequences, the lessons learned, and the American role in each. Considers these as cases of attempted conflict resolution, as instances of limited war by nuclear-armed nations, and as examples of intervention and engagement by the U.S. and China

Introduction The caruncle is a modified cutaneous tissue located at the inner canthus that contains hair follicles, accessory lacrimal glands, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. These different types of tissues can give rise to a wide variety of lesions that make the clinical diagnosis difficult. The aim of the study was to investigate the most common types of caruncle lesions and the clinical and pathological correlation. Methods Retrospective, observational case series. Records of caruncle lesions examined at the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, between 1993 and 2008 were analyzed, comparing the clinical and histopathological findings. Results A total of 42 lesions from 42 patients were analyzed. Twenty-six (61.90%) of the patients were women and 16 (38.10%) were men and the age range from 20 to 84. The main diagnoses were: 16 epithelial lesions (38.09%), 14 inflammatory lesions (31.70%), 10 melanocytic lesions (21,95%), 2 lymphoid lesions (4.87%). From the 28 cases that had a preoperative clinical hypothesis only 17 presented a histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis (60.71%). Conclusion The most common caruncle lesions were epithelial tumors followed by chronic inflammation and melanocytic lesions. Although most of the lesions were benign, there was a great number of misdiagnose based on the clinical suspicious.

A bstract We present measurements of B → K * (892) γ decays using 365 fb − 1 of data collected from 2019 to 2022 by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. The data sample contains (387 ± 6) × 10 6 Υ(4 S ) events. We measure branching fractions ( ) and CP asymmetries ( ) for both B 0 → K *0 γ and B + → K *+ γ decays. The difference in CP asymmetries ( ) and the isospin asymmetry (∆ 0+ ) between these neutral and charged channels are also measured. We obtain the following branching fractions and CP asymmetries: , , , and . The measured difference in CP asymmetries is , and the measured isospin asymmetry is ∆ 0+ = (+4.8 ± 2.0 ± 1.8)%. The first uncertainties listed are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are consistent with world-average values and theory predictions.

A bstract We report a search for an axion-like particle a in B → K (*) a decays using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy electron-positron collider. The search is based on a 711 fb − 1 data sample collected at the Υ(4 S ) resonance energy, corresponding to a sample of 772 × 10 6 Υ(4 S ) events. In this study, we search for the decay of the axion-like particle into a pair of photons, a → γγ . We scan the two-photon invariant mass in the range 0 . 16 GeV–4 . 50 GeV for the K modes and 0 . 16 GeV–4 . 20 GeV for the K * modes. No significant signal is observed in any of the modes, and 90% confidence level upper limits are established on the coupling to the W boson, g aW , as a function of a mass. The limits range from 3 × 10 − 6 GeV − 1 to 3 × 10 − 5 GeV − 1 , improving the current constraints on g aW by a factor of two over the most stringent previous experimental results.

A bstract We study the processes χ bJ ω and χ bJ ( π + π − π 0 ) non −ω ( J = 0, 1, 2) at center-of-mass energies from 10.73 to 11.02 GeV using a 142 . 5 fb − 1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider; and at GeV using a 19 . 8 fb − 1 sample collected with Belle II at SuperKEKB. We find that the Υ(10753) state decays into χ bJ ω but not into χ bJ ( π + π − π 0 ) non −ω , while the Υ(10860) state, in contrast, decays into χ bJ ( π + π − π 0 ) non −ω but not into χ bJ ω . The mass and width of the Υ(10753) state are measured to be (10756 . 1 ± 3 . 4(stat . ) ± 2 . 7(syst . )) MeV/ c 2 and (32 . 2 ± 11 . 3(stat . ) ± 14 . 9(syst . )) MeV. The products of the partial width to e + e − and branching fractions for Υ(10753) → χ b 1 ω and Υ(10753) → χ b 2 ω are (1 . 57 ± 0 . 27(stat . ) ± 0 . 22(syst . )) eV and (1 . 39 ± 0 . 41(stat . ) ± 0 . 33(syst . )) eV.

A bstract We present the result of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decays τ − → e ∓ ℓ ± ℓ − , where ℓ is a muon or an electron, using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 428 fb − 1 recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB e + e − collider. The selection of e + e − → τ + τ − events containing a signal candidate is based on an inclusive-tagging reconstruction and on a boosted decision tree to suppress background. Upper limits on the branching fractions between 1.3 and 2.5 × 10 − 8 are set at the 90% confidence level. These results are the most stringent bounds to date for four of the modes.

A bstract We present a measurement of the ratio R μ = B τ − → μ − ν ¯ μ ν τ / B τ − → e − ν ¯ e ν τ of branching fractions B of the τ lepton decaying to muons or electrons using data collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB e + e − collider. The sample has an integrated luminosity of 362 ± 2 fb − 1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. Using an optimised event selection, a binned maximum likelihood fit is performed using the momentum spectra of the electron and muon candidates. The result, R μ = 0.9675 ± 0.0007 ± 0.0036, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is the most precise to date. It provides a stringent test of the light-lepton universality, translating to a ratio of the couplings of the muon and electron to the W boson in τ decays of 0.9974 ± 0.0019, in agreement with the standard model expectation of unity.

Leptospira, a member of the order Spirochaetales, is the causative agent of leptospirosis, an important zoonosis encountered worldwide. The Leptospira interrogans serovar Sejroe was grown in EMJH medium and its DNA was isolated using standard techniques. The LipL32 gene was amplified using the reported primer of Kirschneri of LipL32. The amplified product was found to comprise 756 base pairs. This amplified gene fragment of LipL32 lipoprotein was cloned in E. coli (DH5α) cells using pDrive plasmid as a vector. The recombinant cells were selected on LB agar medium containing ampicillin, X-gal and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside. Plasmid was extracted from the recombinant white colonies, and restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis was carried out using PstI and SalI. On partial sequence analysis, the product exhibited 756 base pairs, corresponding to 251 amino acids. The cloned gene could be further used for expression of recombinant protein for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis.