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The clinical applications of magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) have been largely hindered by the poor magnetic-to-thermal conversion efficiency of MHT agents. Herein, we develop a facile and efficient strategy for engineering encapsulin-produced magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites (eMIONs) via a green biomineralization procedure. We demonstrate that eMIONs have excellent magnetic saturation and remnant magnetization properties, featuring superior magnetic-to-thermal conversion efficiency with an ultrahigh specific absorption rate of 2390 W/g to overcome the critical issues of MHT. We also show that eMIONs act as a nanozyme and have enhanced catalase-like activity in the presence of an alternative magnetic field, leading to tumor angiogenesis inhibition with a corresponding sharp decrease in the expression of HIF-1α. The inherent excellent magnetic-heat capability, coupled with catalysis-triggered tumor suppression, allows eMIONs to provide an MRI-guided magneto-catalytic combination therapy, which may open up a new avenue for bench-to-bed translational research of MHT. The clinical application of magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is limited by the poor magnetic-to-thermal conversion efficiency of MHT agents. Here, the authors develop encapsulin-produced magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites (eMIONs) with excellent magnetic-heat capability and catalysis-triggered tumor suppression ability to overcome the critical issues of MHT.

Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) irradiates the tumor tissues by elevating the temperature above 48 °C to exert thermal ablation, killing tumor cells. However, thermal ablation during PTT harmfully damages the surrounding normal tissues, post-treatment inflammatory responses, rapid metastasis due to the short-term mass release of tumor-cellular contents, or other side effects. To circumvent this limitation, mild-temperature photothermal therapy (MTPTT) was introduced to replace PTT as it exerts its activity at a therapeutic temperature of 42–45 °C. However, the significantly low therapeutic effect comes due to the thermoresistance of cancer cells as MTPTT figures out some of the side-effects issues. Herein, our current review suggested the mechanism and various strategies for improving the efficacy of MTPTT. Especially, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones overexpressed in tumor cells and implicated in several cellular heat shock responses. Therefore, we introduced some methods to inhibit activity, reduce expression levels, and hinder the function of HSPs during MTPTT treatment. Moreover, other strategies also were emphasized, including nucleus damage, energy inhibition, and autophagy mediation. In addition, some therapies, like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, exhibited a significant synergistic effect to assist MTPTT. Our current review provides a basis for further studies and a new approach for the clinical application of MTPTT.

Oral health is vital to human well-being. As a result, various conditions in the oral cavity, including exposure to dentin and edentulous states, lead to diverse oral issues and tissue loss. Although conventional treatments are available, they often have limitations in drug delivery and tissue regeneration. For example, delivered drugs may fail to disrupt bacterial biofilms, thereby increasing resistance within the oral microbiome and weakening immune responses. Additionally, the limited regenerative capacity of dental pulp cells can lead to serious dental emergencies. To address these challenges, innovative nanoarchitectures have been developed to improve their antimicrobial effects and enhance the regenerative potential of oral tissues for oro-dental tissue engineering. This review discusses different nanotechnological strategies for delivery and subsequent tissue engineering in the oral cavity. We first explore concepts to boost regenerative capacity, emphasizing the roles of various nanomaterials that act as antibacterial agents, activate the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells, and support their integration with soft oral tissues. Beyond nano-therapeutic strategies involving dental implants, we also discuss nanotoxicity issues and remaining challenges in oral health. Finally, we offer perspectives on translating these developments into clinical practice.

Background Applying traditional fluorescence navigation technologies in hepatocellular carcinoma is severely restricted by high false-positive rates, variable tumor differentiation, and unstable fluorescence performance. Results In this study, a green, economical and safe nanomedicine formulation technology was developed to construct carrier-free indocyanine green nanoparticles (nanoICG) with a small uniform size and better fluorescent properties without any molecular structure changes compared to the ICG molecule. Subsequently, nanoICG dispersed into lipiodol via a super-stable homogeneous intermixed formulation technology (SHIFT&nanoICG) for transhepatic arterial embolization combined with fluorescent laparoscopic hepatectomy to eliminate the existing shortcomings. A 52-year-old liver cancer patient was recruited for the clinical trial of SHIFT&nanoICG. We demonstrate that SHIFT&nanoICG could accurately identify and mark the lesion with excellent stability, embolism, optical imaging performance, and higher tumor-to-normal tissue ratio, especially in the detection of the microsatellite lesions (0.4 × 0.3 cm), which could not be detected by preoperative imaging, to realize a complete resection of hepatocellular carcinoma under fluorescence laparoscopy in a shorter period (within 2 h) and with less intraoperative blood loss (50 mL). Conclusions This simple and effective strategy integrates the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and thus, it has great potential in various clinical applications.

With the success of several clinical trials of products based on human serum albumin (HSA) and the rapid development of nanotechnology, HSA-based nanodrug delivery systems (HBNDSs) have received extensive attention in the field of nanomedicine. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews exploring the broader scope of HBNDSs in biomedical applications beyond cancer therapy. To address this gap, this review takes a systematic approach. Firstly, it focuses on the crystal structure and the potential binding sites of HSA. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary of recent progresses in the field of HBNDSs for various biomedical applications over the past five years, categorized according to the type of therapeutic drugs loaded onto HSA. These categories include small-molecule drugs, inorganic materials and bioactive ingredients. Finally, the review summarizes the characteristics and current application status of HBNDSs in drug delivery, and also discusses the challenges that need to be addressed for the clinical transformation of HSA formulations and offers future perspectives in this field.

Macrocystis pyrifera is one important marine macro-algae, while its residues produced by industrial alginate extraction is a hot potato. To figure out whether its residue is suitable for pyrolysis for biofuel, the pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of macro-algae M. pyrifera residue was investigated using thermogravimetric method from 50 to 800 °C in an inert argon atmosphere at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C min−1. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor was calculated by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and Popescu methods, and the kinetic mechanism was deduced by Popescu method. The results showed that the primary devolatilization stage of M. pyrifera residue can be described by Jander function \\( ([ 1 - ( 1 - )^1/3 ]^2) \\). The average activation energy of M. pyrifera residue was 222.4 kJ mol−1. The results suggested that the experimental results and kinetic parameters provided useful information for the design of pyrolytic processing system using M. pyrifera residue as feedstock.

Purpose To surmount the critical issues of indocyanine green (ICG), and thus achieving a precise surgical navigation of primary liver cancer after long-term transcatheter arterial embolization. Methods In this study, a facile and green pure-nanomedicine formulation technology is developed to construct carrier-free indocyanine green nanoparticles (nanoICG), and which subsequently dispersed into lipiodol via a super-stable homogeneous lipiodol formulation technology (SHIFT nanoICG) for transcatheter arterial embolization combined near-infrared fluorescence-guided precise hepatectomy. Results SHIFT nanoICG integrates excellent anti-photobleaching capacity, great optical imaging property, and specific tumoral deposition to recognize tumor regions, featuring entire-process enduring fluorescent-guided precise hepatectomy, especially in resection of the indiscoverable satellite lesions (0.6 mm × 0.4 mm) in rabbit bearing VX2 orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma models. Conclusion Such a simple and effective strategy provides a promising avenue to address the clinical issue of clinical hepatectomy and has excellent potential for a translational pipeline.

Though lipiodol formulations are major options in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the clinic, their application is severely limited by insufficient physical stability between the hydrophobic lipiodol and hydrophilic drugs; thus, most chemotherapeutic drugs are quickly released into systemic circulation resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes and serious side effects. : The typical hydrophilic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was prepared as a pure nanomedicine and then stably and homogeneously dispersed in lipiodol (SHIFT&DOX) slightly ultrasonic dispersion. The drug release profiles of SHIFT&DOX were defined in a decellularized liver model. therapeutic studies were performed in rat-bearing N1S1 orthotopic HCC models and rabbit-bearing VX2 orthotopic HCC models. : SHIFT&DOX features an ultrahigh homogeneous dispersibility over 21 days, which far surpassed typical Lipiodol-DOX formulations in clinical practice (less than 0.5 h). SHIFT&DOX also has excellent sustained drug release behavior to improve the local drug concentration dependence and increase the time dependence, leading to remarkable embolic and chemotherapeutic efficacy, and eminent safety in all of the orthotopic HCC models. The carrier-free hydrophilic drug nanoparticle technology-based lipiodol formulation provides a promising approach to solve the problem of drug dispersion in TACE with the potential for a translational pipeline.

Abstract Efficient generation of bioactive and structurally preserved decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is critical for regenerative medicine applications. Conventional decellularization techniques, however, frequently utilize detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, which may compromise ECM integrity, diminish retention of bioactive components and impair mechanical properties. To address these limitations, we present a supercritical CO2 (scCO2)-assisted co-solvent strategy for efficient decellularization of porcine dermis, yielding a bioactive acellular dermal matrix (ADM) patch with high clinical potential in cutaneous wound healing. Porcine dermal sheets were first subjected to scCO2-ethanol co-solvent treatment (28 MPa, 40°C, 6 h) followed by rapid depressurization. The solvent system was then switched to scCO2-water co-solvent with concurrent ultrasonic washing. After subsequent depressurization, pure scCO2 was introduced to achieve supercritical drying. Compared with detergent-based methods, scCO2-derived ADM demonstrated enhanced retention of bioactive components and superior mechanical properties. In vitro experiments demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, promoting L929 cell proliferation and migration, with minimal cytotoxicity and low apoptosis rates. In a full-thickness skin defect model in mice, the scCO2-derived ADM accelerated wound closure, enhanced collagen deposition and significantly improved angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. Overall, this scCO2-based decellularization approach provides a robust, efficient and environmentally friendly platform for preparing high-performance dECM scaffolds, offering promising prospects for clinical applications in skin regeneration. Graphical abstract