Explore the vast range of titles available.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was to analyze and evaluate the impact of prematurity and accelerated weight gain on the risk of childhood and adolescent obesity. CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched until December 2019 which yielded 19 studies with a total of 169,439 children enrolled were systematically reviewed. The results revealed that preterm infants had a greater likelihood of childhood obesity (defined as BMI ≥95th percentile for age-sex), than term infants (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.13, 1.26]). However, no difference of childhood obesity was found between \"small for gestational age\"(SGA) and \"appropriate for gestational age\"(AGA) among preterms. Accelerated weight gain (defined as weight gain velocity during first two years after birth) significantly increased the likelihood of subsequent childhood obesity among preterms (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI [1.57, 2.231]). In conclusion, accelerated weight gain at infancy among preterm children may be a critical contributor to obesity in later life. Establishing optimal growth trajectories and timely referral to health care providers may be of clinical importance.

This study explored the consumer behavior of intention to purchase green products based on a decision-making model that integrates cognitive attributes, affective attributes, and behavioral intentions in Belt and Road countries. The questionnaires were collected from customers who previously purchased green products; this study distributed the questionnaires at the appliance section of the department stores and collected 227 valid responses. Environmental attitude, product attitude, social influence, and perceived monetary value positively affected purchase intention; among these attributes, product attitude most substantially affected purchase intention. Cognitive values (collective and individual) significantly and positively affected environmental and product attitudes. Regarding individual environmental literacy, objective knowledge did not significantly affect environmental attitude, whereas subjective knowledge positively and significantly affected product attitude. In addition, both environmental awareness and government role (extrinsic motivating attributes) significantly and positively affected environmental and product attitudes for sustainable consumption. Media exposure also exerted a significant positive effect on environmental attitude for reducing, reusing and recycling emissions.

Background Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a group of amiloride-sensitive ligand-gated ion channels belonging to the family of degenerin/epithelial sodium channels. ASICs are predominantly expressed in both the peripheral and central nervous system and have been characterized as potent proton sensors to detect extracellular acidification in the periphery and brain. Main body Here we review the recent studies focusing on the physiological roles of ASICs in the nervous system. As the major acid-sensing membrane proteins in the nervous system, ASICs detect tissue acidosis occurring at tissue injury, inflammation, ischemia, stroke, and tumors as well as fatiguing muscle to activate pain-sensing nerves in the periphery and transmit pain signals to the brain. Arachidonic acid and lysophosphocholine have been identified as endogenous non-proton ligands activating ASICs in a neutral pH environment. On the other hand, ASICs are found involved in the tether model mechanotransduction, in which the extracellular matrix and cytoplasmic cytoskeletons act like a gating-spring to tether the mechanically activated ion channels and thus transmit the stimulus force to the channels. Accordingly, accumulating evidence has shown ASICs play important roles in mechanotransduction of proprioceptors, mechanoreceptors and nociceptors to monitor the homoeostatic status of muscle contraction, blood volume, and blood pressure as well as pain stimuli. Conclusion Together, ASICs are dual-function proteins for both chemosensation and mechanosensation involved in monitoring physiological homoeostasis and pathological signals.

Infectious diseases are an important cause of human death. The study of the pathogenesis, spread regularity, and development trend of infectious diseases not only provides a theoretical basis for future research on infectious diseases, but also has practical guiding significance for the prevention and control of their spread. In this paper, a controlled differential equation and an objective function of infectious diseases were established by mathematical modeling. Based on cellular automata theory and a compartmental model, the SLIRDS (Susceptible-Latent-Infected-Recovered-Dead-Susceptible) model was constructed, a model which can better reflect the actual infectious process of infectious diseases. Considering the spread of disease in different populations, the model combines population density, sex ratio, and age structure to set the evolution rules of the model. Finally, on the basis of the SLIRDS model, the complex spread process of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) was simulated. The simulation results are similar to the macroscopic characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in real life, thus the accuracy and rationality of the SLIRDS model are confirmed.

The purpose of this research is to empirically examine relationships between a multi-dimensional set of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, numerous dimensions of customer trust, and corporate image in an emerging economy. It also analyzes the mediating effect of customer trust on the relationship between CSR and corporate image. This study focuses on two of the most well-known hotel chains situated in Pakistan. Close-ended, self-administered questionnaires were circulated amongst a total of 300 hotel customers. The research data was analyzed using a partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) model. The results revealed that economic, legal, and ethical CSR significantly impacted corporate image, while philanthropic CSR did not affect the corporate image. However, economic, legal, and philanthropic CSRs were found to be in a significant relationship with customer trust, while ethical CSR was not in a significant relationship with customer trust. Finally, customer trust fully mediated the relationship between economic and legal CSR with corporate image, whereas it partially mediated the relationship between ethical and philanthropic CSR. This study is unique from earlier CSR research based on an assessment of the connection between CSR dimensions and corporate image to examine customers’ trust in an emerging economy, especially in times of crisis.

As the concept of corporate social responsibility advances, it is crucial to recognize the broad roles of sustainability and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) influencing the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. This research contributes to the expanding field of CSR, sustainable innovation ambidexterity (SIA), sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), and second-order social capital (SOSC). This research produced a theoretical framework based on social exchange theory, social capital theory, and Carroll’s CSP model to investigate the impact of CSR on SIA, SSCM, and SOSC. Furthermore, this study examined the mediating effects of SSCM and SOSC on the correlation between CSR and SIA. Additionally, this study presents a model to explain the impact of SSCM and SOSC on SIA. This study concentrated on top-level managers of several manufacturing businesses situated in Pakistan. A total of 42 manufacturing businesses were chosen utilizing a convenience cluster sampling method. As per the results of this research, CSR was discovered to have a positive impact on SSCM, SIA, and, SOSC. Moreover, SOSC and SSCM were found to be in a significant relationship with SIA. Finally, SOSC and SSCM fully mediated the relationship between CSR and sustainable innovation ambidexterity. This research can guide companies by effectively delivering their finances in CSR initiatives. The findings also suggest that companies should concentrate on improving their CSR initiatives because CSR has a significant effect on SIA. The SDGs provide a road map for companies that can assist them to tactically manage their CSR initiatives according to the international and national sustainable development guidelines. Hence, the CSR–SDG tie is essential for the improvement in the role of CSR in sustainable development. Moreover, to improve and measure SSCM, SOSC, and SIA, policymakers and general managers should devote efforts to CSR.

Proprioceptors are non‐nociceptive low‐threshold mechanoreceptors. However, recent studies have shown that proprioceptors are acid‐sensitive and express a variety of proton‐sensing ion channels and receptors. Accordingly, although proprioceptors are commonly known as mechanosensing neurons that monitor muscle contraction status and body position, they may have a role in the development of pain associated with tissue acidosis. In clinical practice, proprioception training is beneficial for pain relief. Here we summarize the current evidence to sketch a different role of proprioceptors in ‘non‐nociceptive pain’ with a focus on their acid‐sensing properties. What is the topic of this review? Why proprioceptors, which are non‐nociceptive, low‐threshold mechanosensory neurons that monitor muscle contraction and body position, express several proton‐sensing ion channels and receptors. What advances does it highlight? ASIC3 is a dual function protein for proton‐sensing and mechano‐sensing in proprioceptors that can be activated by eccentric muscle contraction or lactic acidosis. A role is proposed for proprioceptors in non‐nociceptive unpleasantness (or sng), which is associated with their acid‐sensing properties, in chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Camouflaged object detection (COD) encounters substantial difficulties owing to the visual resemblance between targets and their environments, together with discrepancies in multiscale representation of features. Current methodologies confront obstacles with feature distraction, modeling far-reaching dependencies, fusing multiple-scale details, and extracting boundary specifics. Consequently, we propose ATDMNet, an amalgamated architecture combining CNN and transformer within a numerous phases feature extraction framework. ATDMNet employs Res2Net as the foundational encoder and incorporates two essential components: multi-head agent attention (MHA) and top-k dynamic mask (TDM). MHA improves local feature sensitivity and long-range dependency modeling by incorporating agent nodes and positional biases, whereas TDM boosts attention with top-k operations and multiscale dynamic methods. The decoding phase utilizes bilinear upsampling and sophisticated semantic guidance to enhance low-level characteristics, hence ensuring precise segmentation. Enhanced performance is achieved by deep supervision and a hybrid loss function. Experiments applying COD datasets (NC4K, COD10K, CAMO) demonstrate that ATDMNet establishes a new benchmark in both precision and efficiency.

Most of the existing influence maximization algorithms are not suitable for large-scale social networks due to their high time complexity or limited influence propagation range. Therefore, a D-RIS (dynamic-reverse reachable set) influence maximization algorithm is proposed based on the independent cascade model and combined with the reverse reachable set sampling. Under the premise that the influence propagation function satisfies monotonicity and submodularity, the D-RIS algorithm uses an automatic debugging method to determine the critical value of the number of reverse reachable sets, which not only obtains a better influence propagation range but also greatly reduces the time complexity. The experimental results on the two real datasets of Slashdot and Epinions show that D-RIS algorithm is close to the CELF (cost-effective lazy-forward) algorithm and higher than RIS algorithm, HighDegree algorithm, LIR algorithm, and pBmH (population-based metaheuristics) algorithm in influence propagation range. At the same time, it is significantly better than the CELF algorithm and RIS algorithm in running time, which indicates that D-RIS algorithm is more suitable for large-scale social network.

ObjectivesFibromyalgia is commonly considered a stress-related chronic pain disorder, and daily stressors are known triggers. However, the relation between stress and pain development remains poorly defined by clinical approaches. Also, the aetiology remains largely unknown.MethodsWe used a newly developed mouse model and lipidomic approaches to probe the causation and explore the biological plausibility for how perceived stress translates into chronic non-inflammatory pain. Clinical and lipidomic investigations of fibromyalgia were conducted for human validation.ResultsUsing non-painful sound stimuli as psychological stressors, we demonstrated that mice developed long-lasting non-inflammatory hyperalgesia after repeated and intermittent sound stress exposure. Elevated serum malondialdehyde level in stressed mice indicated excessive oxidative stress and lipid oxidative damage. Lipidomics revealed upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 (LPC16:0), a product of lipid oxidisation, in stressed mice. Intramuscular LPC16:0 injection triggered nociceptive responses and a hyperalgesic priming-like effect that caused long-lasting hypersensitivity. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel 3 impeded the development of LPC16:0-induced chronic hyperalgesia. Darapladib and antioxidants could effectively alleviate the stress-induced hyperalgesia by inhibiting LPC16:0 synthesis. Clinical investigations showed that excessive oxidative stress and LPC16:0 expression also exist in patients with fibromyalgia. Moreover, LPC16:0 expression was correlated with pain symptoms in patients with high oxidative stress and disease severity.ConclusionsOur study provides experimental evidence for the causal effect of psychological stressors on chronic pain development. The findings identify a possible pathophysiological mechanism of stress-induced chronic non-inflammatory pain at molecular, behavioural and clinical levels that might indicate a new therapeutic approach for fibromyalgia.