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Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computer technology to create an interactive three-dimensional (3D) world, which gives users a sense of spatial presence. In nursing education, VR has been used to help optimize teaching and learning processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in nursing education in the areas of knowledge, skills, satisfaction, confidence, and performance time. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of VR in nursing education based on the Cochrane methodology. An electronic literature search using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), up to December 2019 was conducted to identify studies that reported the effectiveness of VR on knowledge, skills, satisfaction, confidence, and performance time. The study selection and data extraction were carried out by two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the selected studies was determined using the Cochrane criteria for risk-of-bias assessment. A total of 12 studies, including 821 participants, were selected for the final analysis. We found that VR was more effective than the control conditions in improving knowledge (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.75, P<.001, I =47%). However, there was no difference between VR and the control conditions in skills (SMD=0.01, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.26, P=.93, I =37%), satisfaction (SMD=0.01, 95% CI -0.79 to 0.80, P=.99, I =86%), confidence (SMD=0.00, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.27, P=.99, I =0%), and performance time (SMD=-0.55, 95% CI -2.04 to 0.94, P=.47, I =97%). The results of this study suggest that VR can effectively improve knowledge in nursing education, but it was not more effective than other education methods in areas of skills, satisfaction, confidence, and performance time. Further rigorous studies with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm these results.

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a huge societal impact due to the high prevalence, irreversible joint damage and systemic complications. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of RA by regulating the host immune system. Restoring intestinal homeostasis by altering the microbiota could be an attractive strategy for the prevention and treatment of RA. However, the signature features of microbial dysbiosis in RA are still controversial. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the characteristic change in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in RA.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, as well as dissertations and conference proceedings. The reference lists of all included studies will be also reviewed to retrieve additional relevant studies. The case-control studies that reported either the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum or genus level or at least one of the alpha-diversity, beta-diversity indexes in both RA and healthy controls will be included. Eligible studies will be screened independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. Data extraction, qualitative and quantitative analysis will be performed within the gut microbial dysbiosis in RA. The expected outcomes will be the identification of the specific changes in composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in patients with RA. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is unnecessary as this review does not address the data and privacy of patients. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021225229.

Background. Low back pain (LBP) is considered the leading cause of people living with years of disability worldwide. Notably, thunder-fire moxibustion (TFM) is a new type of moxibustion, which has been widely applied to treat pain syndromes for thousands of years. This study aims to provide evidence to evaluate the effect and safety of TFM in treating LBP. Methods. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, and VIP (until April 2021) was used to identify studies reporting pain intensity, disability, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and quality of life in patients with LBP. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which compared TFM and other therapies in LBP, were included. Meanwhile, methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane criteria for risk of bias, and the level of evidence was rated utilizing the GRADE approach. Results. Twenty-one RCTs, including 2198 patients, satisfied the inclusion criteria. Compared with other therapies, the effect of TFM was statistically significant, pain intensity decreased (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI (0.74, 1.14); p<0.00001), disability improved (SMD = 1.39; 95% CI (0.19, 2.59); p=0.02), and the JOA score increased (SMD = −1.34; 95% CI (−1.88, −0.80); p<0.00001). It was also reported that the patient’s quality of life improved after treatment for a period of 4 weeks (SMD = −0.29; 95% CI (−0.42, −0.16); p<0.0001) and after a follow-up of 1 month (SMD = −0.20; 95% CI (−0.34, −0.07); p=0.003). The evidence level of the results was determined to be very low to low. Conclusions. Based on the existing evidence, it can be concluded that TFM may have a better effect than other treatments on LBP. However, it is not yet possible to assess the safety level of TFM therapy. Due to the universal low quality of the eligible trials and low evidence level, rigorously designed large-scale RCTs must be conducted in order to further confirm the results in this review.

Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the most challenging barriers to successful cancer treatment. Several previous studies have suggested that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) may be a promising therapeutic target for overcoming cancer drug resistance. Emerging evidence has indicated that HMGB1 functions as a 'double-edged sword' that plays both pro- and anti-tumor roles in the development and progression of multiple types of cancer. HMGB1 has also been found to be a key regulator of several cell death and signaling pathways, and is involved in MDR by mediating cell autophagy and apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and multiple signaling pathways. Additionally, HMGB1 is regulated by a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs that are involved in MDR. Thus far, studies have been conducted to identify strategies with which to overcome HMGB1-mediated MDR by the targeted silencing of HMGB1 and the targeted interference of HMGB1 expression using drugs and ncRNAs. Therefore, HMGB1 is closely associated with tumor MDR and is a promising therapeutic target.

Foamed glass-ceramics were prepared via a single-step sintering method using high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass as the main raw materials The influence of sintering temperature(900–1060℃) on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. The results show that the crystal shape changed from grainy to rod-shaped and finally turned to multiple shapes as the sintering temperature was increased from 900 to 1060℃. With increasing sintering temperature, the average pore size of the foamed glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased. By contrast, the compressive strength and the bulk density decreased and subsequently increased. An excessively high temperature, however, induced the coalescence of pores and decreased the compressive strength. The optimal properties, including the highest compressive strength(16.64 MPa) among the investigated samples and a relatively low bulk density(0.83 g/cm~3), were attained in the case of the foamed glass-ceramics sintered at 1000℃.

In mechanical design, the sophisticated design philosophy is the comprehensive utilization of modern design methods, computer network technology and knowledge in many fields, in which computer networks is playing a more and more important role in improving the efficiency and quality of the mechanical design. The article cited the basic knowledge of network technology used in mechanical design and proposed computer network technology in mechanical design.

With the continuous development and popularization of computer network information technology, many colleges all have set up campus network. At present, campus network has been the important project in college base installation. However, information security issue of campus network would directly affect college to launch various pedagogical practices and refer to students’ individual privacy security issue. This paper has pointed out many safety loopholes existing in university campus network, and attempted to explore improvement measure and corresponding countermeasure of domestic university campus network information security.

The traditional Chinese philosophies of 'nature and human' lie at the heart of China's modern culture and popular philosophical beliefs. To understand China, one must first understand its traditional philosophies. This book outlines the core beliefs and key elements of the three principles of traditional Chinese philosophy: the natural theory (cosmology), the human theory (the theory of life), and the theory of knowledge (the theory of methodology). This book offers a systematic analysis of these three fundamental theories, enabling the reader to gain a clear understanding of the part they have played in the creation of modern day China. It is aimed towards academics and students studying both philosophy and China, as well as researchers and professionals seeking clear concise information on traditional Chinese philosophies and popular Chinese culture. *** Librarians: ebook available on ProQuest and EBSCO [Subject: Philosophy, Chinese Studies, Asian Studies]

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）, which is expressed only on Sertoli cells and plays a key role in spermatogenesis, has been paid attention for its potential in male contraception vaccine research and development. This study introduces a method for the preparation and purification of human FSHR 57-amino acid protein （FSHR-57aa） as well as determination of its immunogenicity and antifertility effect. A recombinant pET-28a（＋）-FSHR-57aa plasmid was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coil strain BL21 StarTM （DE3） and the FSHR-57aa protein was separated and collected by cutting the gel and recovering activity by efficient refolding dialysis. The protein was identified by Western blot and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a band of nearly 7 kDa and a purity of 97.4%. Male monkeys were immunized with rhFSHR-57aa protein and a gradual rising of specific serum IgG antibody was found which reached a plateau on day 112 （16 weeks） after the first immunization. After mating of one male with three female monkeys, the pregnancy rate of those mated with males immunized against FSHR-57aa was significantly decreased while the serum hormone levels of testosterone and estradiol were not disturbed in the control or the FSHR-57aa groups. By evaluating pathological changes in testicular histology, we found that the blood-testis barrier remained intact, in spite of some small damage to Sertoli cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the rhFSHR-57aa protein might be a feasible male contraceptive which could affect sperm production without disturbing hormone levels.

To effectively reuse high-titanium blast furnace slag （TS）, foam glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by powder sintering at 1000℃. TS and waste glass were used as the main raw materials, aluminium nitride （AIN） as the foaming agent, and borax as the fluxing agent. The influence of the amount of A1N added （lwt%-5wt%） on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of the produced foam glass-ceramics was studied. The results showed that the main crystal phases were perovskite, diopside, and augite. With increasing A1N content, a transformation from diopside to augite occurred and the crystallinity of the pyroxene phases slightly decreased. Initially, the aver- age pore size and porosity of the foam glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased; similarly, their bulk density and compressive strength decreased and subsequently increased. The optimal properties were obtained when the foam glass-ceramics were prepared by adding 4wt% AIN.