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This study investigates the role of short sales in mitigating post-shock anomalies in stock returns within the context of China’s evolving short-sales regulations. Utilizing a unique dataset of daily short-sale volumes, this research examines how short sellers influence stock price behavior following significant price shocks. The findings reveal that short sellers act as informed arbitragers, reducing post-shock anomalies, particularly in news-driven events, and supporting Diamond and Verrecchia’s hypothesis that short-sale constraints slow price adjustments to information. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, offering insights into price efficiency and implications for regulators and investors. By highlighting the unintended consequences of restrictive short-sale policies, this paper recommends reforms to reduce borrowing costs, enhance lending programs, and promote effective short-selling practices. These results contribute to the broader understanding of market dynamics, particularly in emerging markets with tight short-sale restrictions like China.

In recent years, quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors (FAPI) have shown promising results in the diagnosis of cancer and several other diseases, making them the hotspot of much productive research. This review summarizes the literature for the state-of-the-art FAPI-PET imaging for cancer diagnosis compared with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET. We also summarize the use of FAPI-PET for therapeutic regimen improvement and fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted molecule modification strategies, as well as preliminary clinical studies regarding FAP-targeted radionuclide therapy. Our qualitative summary of the literature to date can inform future research directions, medical guidelines, and optimal clinical decision-making.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for diagnosing primary and metastatic lesions in patients with liver cancer, as well as to compare it with contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), liver MRI, and [18F]-FDG PET/CT.MethodsWe performed a single-center post hoc retrospective analysis of data obtained from a prospective parent study (NCT04416165). This study included 34 patients diagnosed with or suspected hepatic lesions who underwent concomitant [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and [18F]-FDG/CT scans. Moreover, these patients underwent liver MRI (n = 34) and CE-CT (n = 25). Histopathologic (n = 62) or radiographic follow-up (n = 128) served as the reference standard for the final diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 34 patients, 20, 12, and 2 patients presented with hepatocellular carcinomas, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and benign hepatic nodules, respectively. The sensitivities of CE-CT, MRI, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, and [18F]-FDG/CT for detecting primary liver tumors were 96%, 100%, 96%, and 65%, respectively. Regarding the diagnosis of all intrahepatic lesions, the per-lesion detection rate of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was slightly lower than that of MRI (85% vs. 100%, P = 0.34) and significantly higher than that of [18F]-FDG PET/CT (85% vs. 52%, P < 0.001). Regarding the diagnosis of all malignant lesions (including extrahepatic disease), the tumor detection rate of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was 87.4%, which was significantly higher than that of [18F]-FDG PET/CT (65.0%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the sensitivity of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT to correctly identify primary liver tumors and metastatic lesions is equivalent to that of CE-CT and liver MRI. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT is better at identifying liver lesions than [18F]-FDG PET/CT, and its use may improve tumor staging, recurrence detection, and implementation of necessary treatment modifications.

BACKGROUNDConsidering that trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in a wide range of human epithelial cancers, it presents an attractive target for diagnosis and treatment of multiple types of cancer. Herein, we have developed a Trop2-specific radiotracer, 68Ga-MY6349, and present a prospective, investigator-initiated trial to explore the clinical value of 68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT.METHODSIn this translational study, 90 patients with 15 types of cancer who underwent 68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT were enrolled prospectively. Among them, 78 patients underwent paired 68Ga-MY6349 and 18F-FDG PET/CT, and 12 patients with prostate cancer underwent paired 68Ga-MY6349 and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.RESULTSAmong the 90 patients across 15 types of cancer, 68Ga-MY6349 uptake in tumors was generally high but heterogeneous, varying among lesions, patients, and cancer types. Trop2 expression level determined by immunohistochemistry was highly correlated with 68Ga-MY6349 uptake at primary and metastatic tumor sites. 68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT showed higher tumor uptake (quantified by maximum standardized uptake value) than 18F-FDG PET/CT in certain types of cancer, including breast (7.2 vs. 5.4, P < 0.001), prostate (9.2 vs. 3.0, P < 0.001), and thyroid cancers (8.5 vs. 3.7, P < 0.001). Compared with 68Ga-PSMA-11, 68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT exhibited comparable lesion uptake (12.2 vs. 12.5, P = 0.223) but a better tumor-to-background contrast (15.8 vs. 12.2, P < 0.001) for primary and metastatic prostate cancer, allowing visualization of more metastatic lesions.CONCLUSION68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT is a noninvasive method for comprehensively assessing Trop2 expression in tumors, which can improve diagnosis and staging for cancer patients and aid in decision making for Trop2-targeted therapies and advancing of personalized treatment.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT06188468.FUNDINGNational Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, Nuclear Energy R&D project, Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare, Key Scientific Research Program for Young Scholars in Fujian, and Fujian Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars.

[...]the relationship between radiotherapy and the tumor immune microenvironment was revealed in the current Research Topic. [...]LDRT is more secure for individuals who have previously undergone radiation treatment. Understanding these pathways will also probably make it easier to take advantage of the combined therapy’s immunostimulatory effects, perhaps by administering immune checkpoint blockade therapy afterward. Besides,Yuan et al.found that the gut microbiota may also be a common biological target for minimizing the side effects of radioimmunotherapy, inhibiting the target may improve efficacy and point patients with CRC in the right direction for achieving a longer survival and a higher quality of life after treatment.

Radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade holds great promise for synergistic antitumor efficacy. Targeted radionuclide therapy delivers radiation directly to tumor sites. LNC1004 is a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeting radiopharmaceutical, conjugated with the albumin binder Evans Blue, which has demonstrated enhanced tumor uptake and retention in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Herein, we demonstrate that 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-labeled LNC1004 exhibits increased uptake and prolonged retention in MC38/NIH3T3-FAP and CT26/NIH3T3-FAP tumor xenografts. Radionuclide therapy with 177 Lu-LNC1004 induced a transient upregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. The combination of 177 Lu-LNC1004 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy led to complete eradication of all tumors in MC38/NIH3T3-FAP tumor-bearing mice, with mice showing 100% tumor rejection upon rechallenge. Immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and TCR sequencing revealed that combination therapy reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment in mice to foster antitumor immunity by suppressing malignant progression and increasing cell-to-cell communication, CD8 + T-cell activation and expansion, M1 macrophage counts, antitumor activity of neutrophils, and T-cell receptor diversity. A preliminary clinical study demonstrated that 177 Lu-LNC1004 was well-tolerated and effective in patients with refractory cancers. Further, scRNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells underscored the importance of addressing immune evasion through immune checkpoint blockade treatment. This was emphasized by the observed increase in antigen processing and presentation juxtaposed with T cell inactivation. In conclusion, our data supported the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with 177 Lu-LNC1004 for cancer patients with FAP-positive tumors.

Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-HvKP) poses a critical global health threat. However, molecular epidemiological data on CR-HvKP in Western China remain scarce. This study aimed to characterize the clinical profiles, molecular features, and risk factors of CR-HvKP isolates in Western China. Sixty-eight carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) clinical isolates were collected from January to December in 2024. Clinical characterization included antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and hypermucoviscosity assessment via string test. Detection of carbapenemases using inhibitor enhancement test. Molecular characteristics of CRKP included serotype, carbapenemases, virulence-associated factors, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) performed by using the PCR method. CR-HvKP was defined as the presence of any one of rmpA, rmpA2, iroB, iucA, and peg-344. Risk factors were initially evaluated using univariate logistic regression analysis, with significant variables subsequently incorporated into a multivariate regression model. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among 68 CRKP isolates, 36 were identified as CR-HvKP, all harboring the iucA gene (100%, 36/36). However, only 22.2% (8/36) of string test results correlated with virulence gene presence. All CRKP strains exhibited high resistance to most antibiotics, with comparatively lower resistance rates observed for tigecycline (0%) and polymyxin B (14.7%). Carbapenemase production was the predominant resistance mechanism, with 61.8% (42/68) carrying bla . Serotyping and MLST revealed that ST11-KL64 CR-HvKP being predominant. A novel wzi752 allele was identified, encoding amino acid sequences homologous to serotype KL47. Univariate analysis demonstrated significantly higher ICU admission rates (p = 0.018) and carbapenem exposure (p = 0.023) in CR-HvKP patients with infections. Multivariate analysis highlighted borderline significance for ICU admission (OR = 2.939, p = 0.056) as a potential risk factor. The ST11-KL64 CR-HvKP clone harboring bla and iucA has emerged as a dominant pathogen of hospital infections in Western China, posing dual threats of resistance and virulence. Enhanced molecular surveillance and infection control strategies are urgently needed to mitigate its spread.

This study investigates a severe summer convective hailstorm that occurred in Shanghai on 18 August 2019, using multisource meteorological datasets, with a particular focus on the innovative application of a single-polarization X-band array weather radar (AWR). Radiosonde data revealed high convective available potential energy and unstable atmospheric indices, while wind profiler radars (WPRs) showed initial easterly moisture transport near the ground and strong southwesterly flow aloft, both contributing significantly to intense convection. Ground-based automatic meteorological stations (AMSs) recorded abrupt temperature drops of approximately 10 °C and wind speed increases exceeding 20 m s−1, which aligned closely with the rapid expansion of the hailstorm. In addition, an integrated analysis of data from AWR, WPRs, and AMSs enabled detailed tracking of the storm’s evolution, providing deeper insights into the interplay between moisture transport and dynamic lifting. The AWR’s unique ability to capture divergence and vorticity fields at different altitudes revealed low-level convergence coupled with high-level divergence and cyclonic rotation, sustaining convective updrafts. This study underscores the value of high-resolution AWR data in capturing short-lived, intense precipitation processes, thereby enhancing our understanding of wind field structures and storm development. These findings highlight the comprehensive application of AWR data and the potential of this new high-spatiotemporal-resolution radar for investigating the mechanisms of short-lived severe convective processes.

The timely identification of individuals at high risk for peptic ulcers (PUs) is vital in preventing gastrointestinal bleeding after antiplatelet therapy. This study was designed to determine PU risk factors and develop a risk assessment model for PU detection in the general Chinese population. In a prospective dataset, clinical data from individuals undergoing gastroscopic evaluation between April 2019 and May 2022 were recorded. PUs were defined as mucosal defects exceeding 5 mm confirmed via gastroscopy. Participants were categorized into development (April 2019 to April 2021) and validation (May 2021 to May 2022) sets based on chronological order. LASSO-derived logistic regression analysis was employed to create a score, which was further validated via temporal validation. A total of 902 patients were ultimately enrolled, 204 (22.6%) of whom had PUs based on endoscopic findings. In the development cohort (n = 631), seven independent risk factors emerged: male sex (OR = 2.35, P  = 0.002), white blood cell (WBC) count (OR = 1.16, P  = 0.010), red blood cell (RBC) count (OR = 0.49, P  < 0.001), globulin level (OR = 0.92, P  = 0.004), albumin level (OR = 0.94, P  = 0.020), pepsinogen I (PGI) level (OR = 1.01, P  < 0.001), and positive Helicobacter pylori (HP) antibody (OR = 2.50, P  < 0.001). Using these factors, a nomogram (HAMPROW score [hazard ratio (HP) antibody, albumin, male, PGI, RBC, globulin, and WBC]) was developed for individual PU prediction. The ability of the HAMPROW score to predict survival was confirmed with AUCs of 0.854 (95% CI 0.816–0.891) and 0.833 (95% CI 0.771–0.895) in the development and validation sets, respectively. In conclusion, the HAMPROW score can be used to screen for PUs effectively in the general Chinese population, facilitating personalized early detection of high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding before antiplatelet therapy.