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Double helical conformation of polymer chains is widely observed in biomacromolecules and plays an essential role in exerting their biological functions, such as molecular recognition and information storage. It has remained challenging, however, to prepare synthetic helical polymers, and those that exist have mainly been limited to single-stranded polymers or short oligomeric double helices. Here, we report the synthesis of covalent helical polymers, with a high molecular weight, from the achiral monomer hexahydroxytriphenylene through to spiroborate formation. Polymerization and crystallization occurred simultaneously under solvothermal conditions to form single crystals of the resulting helical covalent polymers. Characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that each crystal consisted of pairs of mechanically entwined polymers. No strong non-covalent interactions were observed between the two helical polymers that formed a pair; instead, each strand interacted with neighbouring pairs through hydrogen bonding. Each individual crystal was made up of helical polymers of the same handedness, but the crystallization process produced a racemic conglomerate, with equal amounts of right-handed and left-handed crystals.Single crystals of a helical covalent polymer have been obtained from an achiral monomer through spiroborate formation. Polymerization and crystallization occur simultaneously to give a network of pairs of entwined helical strands of the same handedness. No strong non-covalent interactions were observed between the two helical polymers forming a pair; instead, each interacts with neighbouring pairs through hydrogen bonding.

Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound widely found in various plants, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protective and anti-tumor activities. However, its low bioavailability due to rapid metabolism and low solubility hinders its clinical application. In recent years, with the development of nanotechnology, luteolin combined with nanomaterials to form nanocomposites has shown promising drug delivery performance and therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. This article reviews the latest research progress on luteolin nanocomposites in disease treatment, exploring their potential applications in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and other conditions.

Background Hip preservation remains a significant surgical challenge in adolescent and young adult patient with unilateral developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). We compared the clinical and radiographic results of modified Colonna capsular arthroplasty in unilateral DDH patients. Methods The records of 19 consecutive patients (19 hips) who underwent modified Colonna capsular arthroplasty between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 3 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 19.1 years at the time of surgery. We used the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and limb-length discrepancy (LLD) to evaluate the clinical outcomes. X-ray was used to measure the femoral anteversion angle, lateral center-edge angle and acetabular coverage. Results The median follow-up time was 70.7 months. The average operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 80.5 ± 5.0 (range 75 to 95) minutes and 189.7 ± 15.3 (range 165 to 210) mL, respectively. The average mHHS improved from 58.6 ± 3.6 (range 50.5 to 62.5) preoperatively to 86.9 ± 2.1 (range 82.5 to 90.5) at the final follow-up ( p  < 0.05). The mean femoral anteversion angle had decreased from 40.8° ± 2.4° (range 36.5° to 44.6°) preoperatively to 15.2° ± 1.8° (range 12.2° to 18.8°) at the final follow-up with a statistically significant difference ( p  < 0.05). The average LLD decreased significantly from 28.3 ± 4.6 mm preoperatively to 10.8 ± 2.4 mm at the final follow-up, respectively. One patient was converted to total hip arthroplasty at 6 years postoperatively. However, there was no significant difference in VAS between preoperative and the final follow-up. According to the curative effect evaluation standard score of DDH, the excellent and good rate was 73.7%. Furthermore, the lateral center-edge angle and the acetabular coverage showed significant improvement in all hips after operation. Conclusions The modified Colonna capsular arthroplasty demonstrates favorable mid-term outcomes for adolescent and young adult patients with unilateral DDH. This procedure effectively improves hip function and radiographic parameters. Nevertheless, further studies with longer follow-up are need to determine the long-term efficacy.

Individuals with obesity are at higher risk for premature mortality compared to the general population. However, whether achieving multiple modifiable risk factors within target ranges is associated with attenuated excess mortality risk in obesity remains unclear. We included 83,505 participants with obesity and 143,198 individuals without obesity from the UK Biobank, all free of baseline cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main exposure was the number of risk factors within target range, including glycated hemoglobin < 48 mmol/mol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 2.5 mmol/L, absence of albuminuria, non-current smoker, and systolic blood pressure < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, socioeconomic status, alcohol intake, healthy diet score, and physical activity were used to evaluate the association between the degree of risk factor within target range and risks of all-cause, cancer, CVD, and other-cause premature mortality. Fine-Gray competing risk models were performed as sensitivity analyses. The proportional hazards assumption was verified using Schoenfeld residuals. Among individuals with obesity, each additional risk factor within target range was associated with 17%, 11%, 28%, and 16% lower risks of all-cause, cancer, CVD, and other-cause premature mortality, respectively. Participants with obesity who achieved all five risk factors had 47%, 38%, 63%, and 47% lower risks compared to those meeting ≤ 2 factors. However, as the number of risk factors within target range increased, the excess mortality risks progressively diminished. Individuals with obesity meeting all 5 factors showed risks approaching those of individuals without obesity, particularly for CVD and other-cause mortality. Achieving multiple modifiable risk factors within target ranges was associated with substantially lower premature mortality risk among individuals with obesity.

Quercetin has attracted increasing attention in the research of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis due to its excellent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and joint-protective effects. However, the bioavailability of quercetin is relatively low, primarily due to its poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and high clearance rate. Nanotechnology offers new opportunities to enhance the bioavailability of quercetin. Nanoformulations possess many advantages, such as a larger surface area, which can effectively improve the solubility of quercetin. Encapsulating quercetin in nanocarriers can prolong its residence time in the body, thereby improving its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Targeted delivery can be achieved by modifying the surface of nanocarriers with ligands, allowing for direct transport of the drug to the site of injury and increasing the concentration at the lesion site. Nanocarriers can improve drug targeting and release behavior by adjusting their surface properties, thereby enhancing therapeutic effects. This article first summarizes the general preparation methods, drug-loading approaches, and common nanoformulations for quercetin. It then lists and summarizes the applications of quercetin nanoparticle formulations in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Finally, it concludes with a summary and outlook on the clinical applications and challenges associated with quercetin nanoformulations.

Emerging evidence has linked the dysregulation of N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification to inflammation and inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanism still needs investigation. Here, we found that high levels of m 6 A modification in a variety of hyperinflammatory states are p65-dependent because Wilms tumor 1–associated protein (WTAP), a key component of the “writer” complex, is transcriptionally regulated by p65, and its overexpression can lead to increased levels of m 6 A modification. Mechanistically, upregulated WTAP is more prone to phase separation to facilitate the aggregation of the writer complex to nuclear speckles and the deposition of m 6 A marks on transcriptionally active inflammatory transcripts, thereby accelerating the proinflammatory response. Further, a myeloid deficiency in WTAP attenuates the severity of LPS-induced sepsis and DSS-induced IBD. Thus, the proinflammatory effect of WTAP is a general risk-increasing mechanism, and interrupting the assembly of the m 6 A writer complex to reduce the global m 6 A levels by targeting the phase separation of WTAP may be a potential and promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating hyperinflammation.

The dust concentration changing regularities are the basis to take dust depression measures, which is greatly influenced by the airflow. In the software of FLUENT, the value of ventilation velocity is set as a constant, which cannot express the real ventilation. According to the flow characteristics of the sublayer and data from Nicholas’ experiment, the ventilation velocity distribution formula of sublayer in the inlet section of fully mechanized caving coal face is deduced. The boundary condition of velocity is given by UDF. Taking the 3top1110 fully mechanized caving coal face as an example, the dust distribution in the process of coal mining and hydraulic support shifting was studied. According to the dust-spray coupling experiment, three types of nozzle are chosen based on the efficiency of dust suppression. Combining the dust migration rule and the characteristics of nozzles, the negative pressure-secondary dust suppression devices of spray were developed and applied. And the above measures have lowered the dust concentration effectively.

Conducting excellent thermal management of a new electric vehicle motor drive system may enhance the operational efficiency of the motor drive and minimize its pollutant emissions and energy losses. As an important part of the motor thermal management system, it is necessary to improve the design of the drive motor for the fan. This paper presents the design of a 12s-10p permanent magnet brushless DC motor with a rated speed of 2200 rpm and a rated voltage of 12 V based on finite element analysis. At this rated speed, the maximum torque the motor can output is 1.80 N·m. Then, we calculated the loading capacity of the motor by parameterizing the resistance in the circuit. We have built a prototype based on the design results and built a test bench to test the loading capacity of the prototype. A comparison revealed that the error between the experimental and calculated results was small. Accordingly, it is believed that this work is capable of serving as a theoretical guide for the design and manufacture of automotive cooling fans in the future.

It is of great significance to expand the functions of submarines by carrying underwater manipulators with a large working space. To suppress the flexible vibration of underwater manipulators, an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) combining an elite strategy and a sine algorithm is proposed for the trajectory planning of underwater flexible manipulators. In this method, the vibration evaluation function is established based on the precise dynamic model of the underwater flexible manipulator and considering complex motion and vibration constraints. Simulation results show that the ISSA algorithm requires only 1/3.68 of the time of PSO. Compared to PSO, SSA and the opposition-based learning sparrow search algorithm (OBLSSA), the optimization performance is improved by 17.3%, 13.1% and 9.7%, respectively. However, because the complex dynamics model of the underwater flexible manipulator leads to large computational effort and a long optimization time, ISSA is difficult to apply directly in practice. To obtain a large number of optimization results in a shorter time, an incremental Kriging-assisted ISSA (IKA-ISSA) is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that IKA-ISSA has good nonlinear approximation ability and the optimization time is only 3% of that of the ISSA.