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Remote sensing target detection faces significant challenges in handling multi-scale targets, with the high similarity in color and shape between targets and backgrounds in complex scenes further complicating the detection task. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-Scale and complex Background Aware network for remote sensing target detection, named YOLO-SBA. Our proposed YOLO-SBA first processes the input through the Multi-Branch Attention Feature Fusion Module (MBAFF) to extract global contextual dependencies and local detail features. It then integrates these features using the Bilateral Attention Feature Mixer (BAFM) for efficient fusion, enhancing the saliency of multi-scale target features to tackle target scale variations. Next, we utilize the Gated Multi-scale Attention Pyramid (GMAP) to perform channel–spatial dual reconstruction and gating fusion encoding on multi-scale feature maps. This enhances target features while finely suppressing spectral redundancy. Additionally, to prevent the loss of effective information extracted by key modules during inference, we improve the downsampling method using Asymmetric Dynamic Downsampling (ADDown), maximizing the retention of image detail information. We achieve the best performance on the DIOR, DOTA, and RSOD datasets. On the DIOR dataset, YOLO-SBA improves mAP by 16.6% and single-category detection AP by 0.8–23.8% compared to the existing state-of-the-art algorithm.

Tissue and organ transplantation continues to be an effective measure for saving the lives of certain critically ill patients. The organ preservation methods that are commonly utilized in clinical practice are presently only capable of achieving short-term storage, which is insufficient for meeting the demand for organ transplantation. Ultra-low temperature storage techniques have garnered significant attention due to their capacity for achieving long-term, high-quality preservation of tissues and organs. However, the experience of cryopreserving cells cannot be readily extrapolated to the cryopreservation of complex tissues and organs, and the latter still confronts numerous challenges in its clinical application. This article summarizes the current research progress in the cryogenic preservation of tissues and organs, discusses the limitations of existing studies and the main obstacles facing the cryopreservation of complex tissues and organs, and finally introduces potential directions for future research efforts.

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a significant threat to human health. Recent studies have found that the intake of cellular cholesterol contributes to the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Our analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic databases has identified increased mRNA and protein expression levels of NPC1, a cholesterol intracellular transporter protein, in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. This increase is significantly associated with a worse prognosis for patients. To corroborate these findings, we performed immunohistochemical staining of NPC1 on liver tissue samples from patients, revealing significantly higher expression levels of NPC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared to normal tissues. Subsequent investigations have revealed that NPC1 expression does not significantly influence the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. However, it has a substantial inhibitory effect on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma tumors when observed in vivo. Utilizing flow cytometry to monitor cellular changes within the tumor microenvironment has led us to discover that NPC1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment within the tumor. Using further neutrophil depletion experiments, we determined that the role of NPC1 in advancing hepatocellular carcinoma progression truly relies on neutrophils. These observations are further reinforced by a comprehensive analysis of clinical databases alongside immunohistochemistry findings. In conclusion, our research suggests that NPC1's overexpression could contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by promoting neutrophil recruitment, positioning NPC1 as a promising new biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared to normal tissues, NPC1 expression is significantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Our findings indicate that NPC1 plays a key role in regulating neutrophil recruitment within the tumor, which is a critical factor in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and is closely linked to poor patient outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that NPC1 promotes tumor progression by facilitating neutrophil accumulation.

Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor widely used in oncology, but it is associated with significant adverse events (AEs), particularly hepatotoxicity. Understanding the real-world safety profile and the molecular mechanisms underlying regorafenib-induced liver failure is critical for clinical risk management. AE reports with regorafenib as the primary suspect drug were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from Q3 2012 to Q1 2025. Disproportionality analyses were conducted using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN). Clinical prioritization was assessed via a semi-quantitative framework. Time-to-onset was analyzed using Weibull distribution. Additionally, network toxicology and molecular docking were employed to explore potential mechanisms and binding affinities between regorafenib and liver failure targets. A total of 9,442 AE reports were analyzed. Hepatobiliary disorders exhibited the strongest signal strength (ROR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.50-2.83), with hepatic failure and fulminant hepatitis identified as high-priority AEs. The majority of AEs occurred within 30 days of treatment initiation. Subgroup analysis indicated that elderly patients (≥65 years) and males had higher risks of liver failure, whereas higher body weight appeared protective. Network analysis identified 63 overlapping targets, with MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways significantly enriched. This pharmacovigilance analysis identifies regorafenib-associated hepatotoxicity as a significant safety signal, with higher risks observed in elderly and male patients. Computational predictions suggest the involvement of MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways, offering a theoretical basis for further mechanistic investigation and supporting the need for vigilant clinical monitoring.

In open and dynamic environments, object detection is affected by rain, fog, snow, and complex lighting conditions, leading to decreased accuracy and posing a threat to driving safety. Infrared images can provide clear images at nighttime or in adverse weather conditions. Combined with the mature development of existing cross-modality object detection technologies, both of them offer support for addressing object detection issues in adverse weather scenarios. This paper establishes a novel dataset named Adverse Weather and Illumination Dataset (AWID) to simulate intricate real-world scenarios and proposes a cross-modal object detection algorithm for adverse weather scenarios in autonomous driving, named CME-YOLO, which is based on RGB and infrared images. It integrates the Cross-Perception Transformer Fusion algorithm, CPTFusion, and the Adaptive upsampling technique, AdSample, to enhance the extraction of detailed information and supplement effective information. CPTFusion fuses features from different modalities through multi-scale feature extraction and optimal fusion strategy computation. AdSample adaptively improves the utilization of key features and the quality of the resulting feature tensor. Experiments on two public datasets and AWID show that CME-YOLO performs optimally, with an mAP50 value on the FLIR dataset 6.8% higher than the state-of-the-art MPFT algorithm, verifying its excellent performance in autonomous driving object detection tasks.

•This study was a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial with 100 patients with β-thalassemia major.•Thalidomide can improve the lifespan and reduce hemolysis of red blood cells in patients with β-thalassemia major.•Provide a new treatment alternative for improving the quality of life of patients with β-thalassemia major. Recent studies have shown the thalidomide's therapeutic potential in treatment of patients with β-thalassemia major. However, the effect of thalidomide on metabolism and lifespan of red blood cells (RBCs) is rarely reported. This study was a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015702). One hundred patients with β-thalassemia major were randomly assigned 1:1 to treatment with a placebo or thalidomide. The primary outcomes were the differences in RBC lifespan, reticulocyte count, and peripheral nucleated RBC count of patients after treatment of 12 weeks. Other indicators of hemolytic reaction were also analyzed. Compared with the placebo group after treatment of 12 weeks, the thalidomide group showed a longer RBC lifespan (16.29 ± 6.42 vs 12.90 ± 4.98 days; P = 0.004), smaller mean corpuscular volume (68.34 ± 7.79 vs 78.01 ± 6.33 fl; P < 0.001), smaller mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.62 ± 2.85 vs 24.68 ± 2.69 pg; P < 0.001), and lower lactate dehydrogenase (190.00 [148.00 - 305.00] vs 251.00 [199.20 - 327.80]; P = 0.014). Meanwhile, thalidomide significantly increased the RBC lifespan at 24 weeks (21.24 ± 8.30 days; P < 0.001) and 48 weeks (23.21 ± 8.42 days; P < 0.001) when compared with baseline (12.8 ± 6.0 days). Thalidomide increases the RBC lifespan and reduces hemolytic reactions in patients with β-thalassemia major. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR1800015702.

Clinical trials have indicated that thalidomide could be used to treat thalassemia, but evidence of changes in liver iron burden and liver volume during thalidomide treatment is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the liver iron burden and volume changes following thalidomide treatment in patients with transfusion-dependent ß -thalassemia. A total of 66 participants with transfusion-dependent ß -thalassemia were included in this prospective cohort study between January 2017 and December 2020. Patients were treated with thalidomide (150–200 mg/day) plus conventional therapy. Liver volume, liver R2*, and hepatic muscle signal ratio (SIR)_T1 and SIR_T2 were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and serum ferritin, hemoglobin, erythrocyte and platelet counts, and liver function were measured at baseline and at the 3rd and 12th months. Adverse events were also noted. Patients showed progressive increase in hemoglobin, erythrocyte, platelet count, SIR_T1, and SIR_T2 during the 12-months follow up. Serum ferritin, R2*, and liver volume progressively decreased during the follow up. The R2* value had a significantly positive correlation with serum ferritin, and SIR_T1 and SIR_T2 had a significantly negative correlation with serum ferritin. No serious adverse events were observed. This study showed that thalidomide could potentially be used to successfully treat patients with transfusion-dependent ß -thalassemia; the liver iron burden and liver volume could be relieved during treatment, and the MRI-measured R2*, SIR_T1, and SIR_T2 may be used to noninvasively monitor liver iron concentration.

Hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia are common complications of liver cirrhosis or thalassemia, but current treatment strategies are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis or thalassemia. A total of 31 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (n=19) or thalassemia (n=12) diagnosed with hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia (platelet count [PLT] <100×109/L) were included in this prospective cohort study between January 2015 and May 2017. Patients were treated with thalidomide (150–200 mg/d) plus conventional therapy. Spleen length, PLT, leukocyte count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and hemoglobin level (Hb) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Any adverse events were noted. All of the 31 patients were showed a progressive increase PLT during the 12-month follow-up, and similar results were obtained when subgroup analyses were performed based on the primary disease (cirrhosis or thalassemia). WBC, ANC, and Hb also increased progressively during the 12-month follow-up. Spleen length decreased progressively during the follow-up. No serious adverse events occurred. Thalidomide is a potential treatment for thrombocytopenia caused by hypersplenism in patients with cirrhosis or thalassemia.

The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is crucial in current medicinal research. The shelf‐life of donated RBCs preserved by the normal method is very short, limiting their clinical application. Cryopreservation is a reliable and effective technology for the long‐term storage of RBCs. During the process, ice formation will cause irreversible injuries to RBCs. Glycerol is used as a cryoprotectant (CPA) for RBCs to mitigate cryoinjuries. But it severely induces RBC hemolysis and deformation. This review introduces some biocompatible and effective CPAs used for RBC cryopreservation, outlining recent advances. Currently, there is no uniform standard to determine whether a CPA is suitable for RBCs. According to previous studies, we summarize for the first time comprehensive methods to evaluate the performance of CPAs by ensuring their safety and effectiveness. The safety of CPAs is defined as the degree of damage to RBCs, while the effectiveness is demonstrated by the properties of thawed RBCs, including membrane properties, protein activities, rheological properties, and metabolites levels. A novel CPA that is confirmed suitable for RBCs by these methods may be applied to other cells. We believe comprehensive methods can thoroughly evaluate the performance of CPAs and promote the development of transfusion therapy in clinic. It is not sufficient to evaluate cryoprotectants (CPAs) only based on red blood cell (RBC) recovery. Their protective effects need to be estimated further by considering the safety and effectiveness. The safety of CPAs is defined as the degree of damage to RBCs, while the effectiveness is demonstrated by the properties of thawed RBCs.