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الخزف الصيني
عل الكثير لا يعرفون أن اسم الصين في كل لغات العالم يرتبط بكلمة الخزف منذ أطلق عليها هذا الاسم في مصر القديمة عندما بدئت الرحلات التجارية الصينية عبر طريق الحرير، كما أن الخزف الصيني الذي لا يخلو بيت في العالم منه هو أبرز علامات تفوق الصين قديما وحديثا كما أنه من أقدم البضائع التجارية في العالم التي مارست الدول القديمة التجارة الدولية بها منذ عصر تبادل البضائع بالبضائع والخزف هو بوابة الصين التي دخلت من خلالها للعالم وعرفت به وعرف بها وظهور الخزف قديما يرمز إلى تطويع الإنسان لكل المواد الطبيعية التي يستخدمها وهي الماء والنار والطين، بل يثبت قدرة الإنسان على تغيير البيئة المادية وإضافة لمحات جمالية عالية إليها وفي هذا الكتاب يقدم لك فيه عزيزي القارئ قصة الخزف الصين منذ النشأة ومرورا بمراحل التطور حتى وصوله إلى قمة مستواه الفني والتجاري فنحن نقدم لك تلخيصا لتاريخ تطور الأمة الصينية وتقدم فنونها كما ستلمح بين سطوره الكثير من ملامح الثقافة الصينية وتتعرف على فكر وفلسفة الصينيين وحبهم للجمال ودقتهم في العمل بل ستربط من خلال هذا الكتاب الممتع بين صين الأمس المتطورة في الحرف اليدوية وأهمها الخزف وصين اليوم التي صار تفوقها الصناعي والتقني من معجزات العالم الحديث، كما ستكتشف العديد من المعلومات الشيقة حول الصين القديمة وتبادلاتها التجارية مع دول العالم.
Book
Changes in notifiable infectious disease incidence in China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been effective at mitigating the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but their broad impact on other diseases remains under-investigated. Here we report an ecological analysis comparing the incidence of 31 major notifiable infectious diseases in China in 2020 to the average level during 2014-2019, controlling for temporal phases defined by NPI intensity levels. Respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal or enteroviral diseases declined more than sexually transmitted or bloodborne diseases and vector-borne or zoonotic diseases. Early pandemic phases with more stringent NPIs were associated with greater reductions in disease incidence. Non-respiratory diseases, such as hand, foot and mouth disease, rebounded substantially towards the end of the year 2020 as the NPIs were relaxed. Statistical modeling analyses confirm that strong NPIs were associated with a broad mitigation effect on communicable diseases, but resurgence of non-respiratory diseases should be expected when the NPIs, especially restrictions of human movement and gathering, become less stringent.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to mitigate COVID-19 transmission are likely to have impacted spread of other infectious diseases. Here, the authors investigate changes in the incidence of 31 notifiable infectious diseases using surveillance data from China.
Journal Article
Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica)
Pangolins are endangered animals in urgent need of protection. Identifying and cataloguing the viruses carried by pangolins is a logical approach to evaluate the range of potential pathogens and help with conservation. This study provides insight into viral communities of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica) as well as the molecular epidemiology of dominant pathogenic viruses between Malayan Pangolin and other hosts. A total of 62,508 de novo assembled contigs were constructed, and a BLAST search revealed 3600 ones (≥300 nt) were related to viral sequences, of which 68 contigs had a high level of sequence similarity to known viruses, while dominant viruses were the Sendai virus and Coronavirus. This is the first report on the viral diversity of pangolins, expanding our understanding of the virome in endangered species, and providing insight into the overall diversity of viruses that may be capable of directly or indirectly crossing over into other mammals.
Journal Article
Surface Plasmonic Sensors: Sensing Mechanism and Recent Applications
Surface plasmonic sensors have been widely used in biology, chemistry, and environment monitoring. These sensors exhibit extraordinary sensitivity based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, and they have found commercial applications. In this review, we present recent progress in the field of surface plasmonic sensors, mainly in the configurations of planar metastructures and optical-fiber waveguides. In the metastructure platform, the optical sensors based on LSPR, hyperbolic dispersion, Fano resonance, and two-dimensional (2D) materials integration are introduced. The optical-fiber sensors integrated with LSPR/SPR structures and 2D materials are summarized. We also introduce the recent advances in quantum plasmonic sensing beyond the classical shot noise limit. The challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
Journal Article
Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19
Psychological health problems, especially emotional disorders, are common among adolescents. The epidemiology of emotional disorders is greatly influenced by stressful events. This study sought to assess the prevalence rate and socio-demographic correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study among Chinese students aged 12–18 years during the COVID-19 epidemic period. An online survey was used to conduct rapid assessment. A total of 8079 participants were involved in the study. An online survey was used to collect demographic data, assess students’ awareness of COVID-19, and assess depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 43.7%, 37.4%, and 31.3%, respectively, among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender was the higher risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms. In terms of grades, senior high school was a risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms; the higher the grade, the greater the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our findings show there is a high prevalence of psychological health problems among adolescents, which are negatively associated with the level of awareness of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the government needs to pay more attention to psychological health among adolescents while combating COVID-19.
Journal Article
A new era of flood control strategies from the perspective of managing the 2020 Yangtze River flood
Flood control of the Yangtze River is an important part of China’s national water security. In July 2020, due to continuous heavy rainfall, the water levels along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and major lakes constantly exceeded the warning levels, in which Taihu Lake exceeded its highest safety water level and some stations of Poyang Lake reached their highest water levels in its history. In August 2020, another huge flood occurred in the Minjiang River and the Jialing River in the upper Yangtze River, and some areas of Chongqing Municipality and other cities along the rivers were inundated, resulting in great pressure on flood control and high disaster losses. The 2020 Yangtze River flood has received extensive media coverage and raised concerns on the roles of the Three Gorges Dam and other large reservoirs in flood control. Here we analyze the changes in the pattern of the Yangtze River flood control by comparing the strategies to tackle the three heavy floods occurring in 1954, 1998, and 2020. We propose that the overall strategy of the Yangtze River flood control in the new era should adhere to the principle of “Integration of storage and drainage over the entire Yangtze River Basin, with draining floods downstream as the first priority” by using both engineering and non-engineering measures. On the basis of embankments, the engineering measures should use the Three Gorges Dam and other large reservoirs as the major regulatory means, promote the construction of key flood detention areas, keep the floodways clear, and maintain the ecosystem services of wetlands and shoals. In terms of non-engineering measures, we should strengthen adaptive flood risk management under climate change, standardize the use of lands in flood detention areas, give space to floods, and promote the implementation of flood risk maps and flood insurance policies. The ultimate goal of this new flood control system is to enhance the adaptability to frequent floods and increase the resilience to extreme flood disasters.
Journal Article
Genome-wide association studies and expression-based quantitative trait loci analyses reveal roles of HCT2 in caffeoylquinic acid biosynthesis and its regulation by defense-responsive transcription factors in Populus
3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, also known as chlorogenic acid (CGA), functions as an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis in the phenylpropanoid pathway. It is widely distributed among numerous plant species and acts as an antioxidant in both plants and animals.
Using GC-MS, we discovered consistent and extreme variation in CGA content across a population of 739 4-yr-old Populus trichocarpa accessions. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from 917 P. trichocarpa accessions and expression-based quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses to identify key regulators.
The GWAS and eQTL analyses resolved an overlapped interval encompassing a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 2 (PtHCT2) that was significantly associated with CGA and partiallycharacterized metabolite abundances. PtHCT2 leaf expression was significantly correlated with CGA abundance and it was regulated by cis-eQTLs containing W-box for WRKY binding. Among all nine PtHCT homologs, PtHCT2 is the only one that responds to infection by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina musiva (a Populus pathogen). Validation using protoplast-based transient expression system suggests that PtHCT2 is regulated by the defense-responsive WRKY.
These results are consistent with reports of CGA functioning as an antioxidant in response to biotic stress. This study provides insights into data-driven and omics-based inference of gene function in woody species.
Journal Article
Prevalence and risk factors of severe postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Background
Although maternal deaths are rare in developed regions, the morbidity associated with severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH) remains a major problem. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of SPPH, we analyzed data of women who gave birth in Guangzhou Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women, which received a large quantity of critically ill obstetric patients who were transferred from other hospitals in Southern China.
Methods
In this study, we conducted a retrospective case-control study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for SPPH among a cohort of women who gave birth after 28 weeks of gestation between January 2015 and August 2019. SPPH was defined as an estimated blood loss ≥1000 mL and total blood transfusion≥4 units. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for SPPH.
Results
SPPH was observed in 532 mothers (1.56%) among the total population of 34,178 mothers. Placenta-related problems (55.83%) were the major identified causes of SPPH, while uterine atony without associated retention of placental tissues accounted for 38.91%. The risk factors for SPPH were maternal age < 18 years (adjusted OR [aOR] = 11.52, 95% CI: 1.51–87.62), previous cesarean section (aOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.90–3.47), history of postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.63–9.29), conception through in vitro fertilization (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.31–2.43), pre-delivery anemia (aOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.88–3.00), stillbirth (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.02–6.69), prolonged labor (aOR = 5.24, 95% CI: 3.10–8.86), placenta previa (aOR = 9.75, 95% CI: 7.45–12.75), placenta abruption (aOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.91–7.76), placenta accrete spectrum (aOR = 8.00, 95% CI: 6.20–10.33), and macrosomia (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.38–3.83).
Conclusion
Maternal age < 18 years, previous cesarean section, history of PPH, conception through IVF, pre-delivery anemia, stillbirth, prolonged labor, placenta previa, placental abruption, PAS, and macrosomia were risk factors for SPPH. Extra vigilance during the antenatal and peripartum periods is needed to identify women who have risk factors and enable early intervention to prevent SPPH.
Journal Article
A Zoonotic Henipavirus in Febrile Patients in China
In this report, investigators in China identified a new henipavirus associated with a febrile human illness. This virus was also found in shrews.
Journal Article