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The prediction of drag anchor trajectory is key for the anchor design. The yield envelope method based on anchor behavior under combined loadings provided an alternative method for the prediction of anchor trajectory. The traditional yield envelope method based on deep anchor behavior ignored the shallow anchor behavior that occurred during installation from shallow depth to deep depth and may lead to unreliable trajectory prediction. The present work examines how the shallow behavior of an inclined fluke influences the predicted trajectory of drag anchors. An example case was used to investigate the effects of soil non-homogeneity and anchor–soil interface friction on the predicted trajectory of drag anchors. The trajectory of another case of practical drag anchor is also predicted and compared to the existing centrifuge results. The results indicate that the prediction results are largely influenced by the selected interface friction condition and the bearing capacity factor. Incorporating both shallow and deep behaviors of inclined flukes leads to a more accurate description of anchor trajectory. Recommendations on the new method of drag anchor trajectory prediction, considering both shallow and deep anchor behavior, are proposed for a reliable trajectory prediction.

Neuropsychiatric disorders constitute an escalating public health challenge worldwide, with growing evidence suggesting that environmental factors like air pollution may contribute substantially. This prospective cohort study investigated the associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the progression of eight neuropsychiatric disorders among 502,356 UK Biobank participants. Using multi-state models, we analyzed three distinct trajectory stages: stage 1 (transition from baseline healthy status to PHQ-4-positive mood disorders), stage 2 (transition from baseline to ICD-10-diagnosed disorders), and stage 3 (progression from PHQ-4-positive status to clinical diagnosis). Nonlinear exposure–response relationships were subsequently characterized using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models. The findings indicated that exposure to both PM2.5 and NOx per IQR increase was strongly associated with stage 1, with a corresponding hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.27–1.30) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.09–1.11). Across the three stages, the risk pattern evolved from being broadly significant to one characterized by disease-specific significance. Alzheimer’s disease was consistently identified as the condition with the strongest association and highest risk linked to air pollution. Specifically, hazard ratios across stages were as follows: 1.08–1.13 in stage 2 and 1.14–1.20 in stage 3 for PM2.5; and 1.04–1.05 in stage 2 and 1.05–1.10 in stage 3 for NOx. Subgroup analyses identified heightened vulnerability in females (particularly subjects with depression, Parkinson’s disease, and sleep disorders), younger individuals, and socioeconomically deprived populations. These findings underscore the importance of considering air pollution as a modifiable risk factor in the prevention of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Experimental investigations of the diode-laser-induced ignition of potassium picrate (KP) with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) additive are presented in this article. KP/MWNT composites with varying contents were prepared directly by adding different quantities of MWNTs to a KP solution after the last synthesis step. Due to capillary action, the MWNTs homogeneously coated the surface of the KP, and some KP crystallized inside the MWNTs. The samples were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and laser ignition tests. At a constant laser power density, the doped KP showed a much shorter ignition delay time than the undoped KP (from 28.8 ms to 4.5 ms). Therefore, the higher the dopant MWNT ratio is, the shorter the ignition delay time is. Additionally, the more MWNTs are used to dope KP, the lower the required ignition power is.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally. Examining the relationship between the extreme temperature events (e.g. heat and cold waves) and cardiovascular mortality has profound public significance. However, this evidence is scarce, particularly those from China. We collected daily data on cardiovascular mortality and meteorological conditions from 31 major Chinese cities during the maximum period of 2007-2013. A two-stage analysis was used to estimate the effects of heat and cold waves, and the potential effect modification of their characteristics (intensity, duration, and timing in season) on cardiovascular mortality. Firstly, a generalized quasi-Poisson regression combined with distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate city-specific effects. Then, the meta-analysis was performed to pool effect estimates at the national scale. Overall, cardiovascular mortality risk increased by 19.03% (95%CI: 11.92%, 26.59%) during heat waves and 54.72% (95%CI: 21.20%, 97.51%) during cold waves. The effect estimates varied by the wave's characteristics. In heat wave days, the cardiovascular mortality risks increased by 3.28% (95%CI: −0.06%, 6.73%) for every 1 °C increase in intensity, 2.84% (95%CI: 0.92%, 4.80%) for every 1-d more in duration and −0.07% (95%CI: −0.38%, 0.24%) for every 1-d late in the staring of heat wave; the corresponding estimates for cold wave were 1.82% (95%CI: −0.04%, 3.72%), 1.52% (95%CI: 0.60%, 2.44%) and −0.26% (95%CI: −0.67%, 0.16%). Increased susceptibility to heat and cold waves was observed among patients with ischemic heart disease, females, the elderly, and those with lower education level. And consistent vulnerable populations were found for the effects of changes in cold and heat wave's characteristics. The findings have important implications for the development of early warning systems and plans in response to heat and cold waves, which may contribute to mitigating health threat to vulnerable populations.

Background : T cell exhaustion (TEX) is an important immune escape mechanism, and an in-depth understanding of it can help improve cancer immunotherapy. However, the prognostic role of TEX in malignant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Methods : Through TCGA and GEO datasets, we enrolled a total of 498 LUAD patients. The patients in TCGA-LUAD were unsupervised clustered into four clusters according to TEX signaling pathway. WGCNA analysis, survival random forest analysis and lasso regression analysis were used to select five differentially expressed genes among different clusters to construct a TEX risk model. The risk model was subsequently validated with GEO31210. By analyzing signaling pathways, immune cells and immune checkpoints using GSEA, GSVA and Cibersortx, the relationship between TEX risk score and these variables was evaluated. In addition, we further analyzed the expression of CCL20 at the level of single-cell RNA-seq and verified it in cell experiments. Results : According to TEX signaling pathway, people with better prognosis can be distinguished. The risk model constructed by CD109, CCL20, DKK1, TNS4 , and TRIM29 genes could further accurately identify the population with poor prognosis. Subsequently, it was found that dendritic cells, CD44 and risk score were closely related. The final single-cell sequencing suggested that CCL2O is a potential therapeutic target of TEX, and the interaction between TEX and CD8 + T is closely related. Conclusion : The classification of T cell depletion plays a crucial role in the clinical decision-making of lung adenocarcinoma and needs to be further deepened.

Group excavations are composed of several individual excavations adjacent to each other with simultaneous or successive construction sequences (CS), which are distinctive from individual excavation in terms of the performance of excavation. In this study, a hyper-scale 3D finite element model was established to investigate the deformation behavior of a diaphragm wall system retaining a deep and oversized group excavation (DOGE) in Shanghai soft clay deposits. The numerical model simulated the practical construction stages and sequences, and it was verified by a series of comparisons with field measurements. Based on the numerical model, the spatial effect of the performance of DOGE in the process of excavation stages was investigated in this study, which cannot be addressed by limited field measurements. Furthermore, the effects of partition walls and CS on the deformation control were discussed to provide practical suggestions for oversized and deep excavations. The results indicate that the employment of bi-partition walls to divide the oversized excavation into several small pits and mono-partition walls and cross walls to further divide the pits near the metro lines into smaller ones, was proved to have significant effectiveness in controlling the wall deflection and protecting the adjacent metro line. For the partition wall, the magnitude and direction of the wall deflection primarily depended on the initial excavation, while the influence of subsequent excavation activities proved insignificant. Thus, it should be noted that the effect of the initial excavation should be especially concentrated. The findings can help optimize similar DOGE engineering.

In order to exploit the deep underground space, the construction of ultra-deep excavation in Shanghai is growing rapidly. In multi-aquifer strata, deep excavations typically require dewatering of confined aquifers to ensure engineering safety. However, existing studies have seldom conducted in-depth analysis on the influence of the soil parameters and construction measures on the deformation of retaining structures. In this study, a three-dimensional hydro-mechanical numerical model was developed to evaluate the performances of excavation and dewatering of the foundation pit. The model was validated by comparing the calculated and measured wall deflections and groundwater drawdowns of a 45 m ultra-deep double-wall excavation in Shanghai. According to the characteristics of soil stratification and construction activities, three parameters were selected for subsequent analysis, including the hydraulic conductivity of aquitard below the bottom of the pit, the pumping rate in the second confined aquifer and the construction of TRD wall. The stress distributions on both sides of the diaphragm wall were examined to elucidate the deformation mechanism. The results indicate that the aquitard hydraulic conductivity directly affects the effective stress of the overlying aquifer, which plays a crucial role in resisting wall deflection. An increase in the hydraulic conductivity leads to smaller effective stress, greater wall deflection and larger ground settlement. While an appropriately increased pumping rate enhances effective stress, over-pumping may induce excessive wall deflection at depth and disproportionate ground settlement. The TRD wall is quite useful in terms of waterproofing but the effect on deformation control is limited. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for engineering practices and the optimization of deep excavation construction measures in multi-aquifer strata.

Cold spells have been associated with mortality from a few broad categories of diseases or specific diseases. However, there is a lack of data about the health effects of cold spells on mortality from a wide spectrum of plausible diseases which can reveal a more comprehensive contour of the mortality burden of cold spells. We collected daily mortality data in Guangzhou during 2010-2018 from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model mixed with the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was conducted to examine the health impacts of cold spells for 11 broad causes of death groupings and from 35 subcategories in Guangzhou. Then, we examined the effect modification by age group (0-64 and 65+ years) and sex. Effects of cold spells on mortality generally delayed for 3-5 d and persisted up to 27 d. Cold spells were significantly responsible for increased mortality risk for most categories of deaths, with cumulative relative risk (RR) over 0-27 lagged days of 1.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-1.67], 1.95 (1.49-2.55), 1.58 (1.39-1.79), 1.54 (1.26-1.88), 1.92 (1.15-3.22), 1.75, (1.14-2.68), 2.02 (0.78-5.22), 1.92 (1.49-2.48), 1.48 (1.18-1.85), and 1.18 (1.06-1.30) for non-accidental causes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, nervous system diseases, genitourinary diseases, mental diseases, endocrine diseases, external cause and neoplasms, respectively. The magnitudes of the effects of cold spells on mortality varied remarkably among the 35 subcategories, with the largest cumulative RR of 2.87 (1.72-4.79) estimated for pulmonary heart diseases. The elderly and females were at a higher risk of mortality for most diseases after being exposed to cold spells. Increased mortality from a wide range of diseases was significantly linked with cold spells. Our findings may have important implications for formulating effective preventive strategies and early warning response plans that mitigate the health burden of cold spells.

In this paper we provide a splitting algorithm for solving coupled monotone inclusions in a real Hilbert space involving the sum of a normal cone to a vector subspace, a maximally monotone, a monotone-Lipschitzian, and a cocoercive operator. The proposed method takes advantage of the intrinsic properties of each operator and generalizes the method of partial inverses and the forward-backward-half forward splitting, among other methods. At each iteration, our algorithm needs two computations of the Lipschitzian operator while the cocoercive operator is activated only once. By using product space techniques, we derive a method for solving a composite monotone primal-dual inclusions including linear operators and we apply it to solve constrained composite convex optimization problems. Finally, we apply our algorithm to a constrained total variation least-squares problem and we compare its performance with efficient methods in the literature.

This study investigates the application of carbon quantum dots as tracers in inter-well connectivity monitoring. A new laboratory-made water-soluble carbon quantum dot fluorescent tracer (CQD-W) was studied using 3D fluorescence characterization, structural characterization, reservoir suitability evaluation, and core flow experiments. The experimental results showed that CQD-W has a size of about 2 nm, a minimum detection limit of 10−2 mg·L−1. It has good stability when the salinity is 200,000 mg·L−1, the concentration of Ca2+ is 1000 mg·L−1, the pH value is 1–9, and the temperature is 80 °C. Because CQD-W contains many functional groups, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl, it shows good water solubility and has a negative surface charge. In the process of formation flow, CQD-W has a small adsorption amount, high tracer resolution, and excellent injectivity and mobility, meaning it is less likely to cause reservoir damage. Through the study of this method, the application field of carbon quantum dots is broadened, and it is proved that the CQD-W fluorescent tracer has a high potential for application in the oil industry, laying the foundation for the popularization of this technology.