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"Chen, Jun-Yang"
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Functional pavements : proceedings of the 6th Chinese-European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design (CEW 2020), Nanjing, China, 18-21 October 2020
\"Functional Pavements is a collection of papers presented at the 6th Chinese-European Workshop (CEW) on Functional Pavement Design (Nanjing, China, October 18-21, 2020). The focus of the CEW series is on field tests, laboratory test methods and advanced analysis techniques, and cover analysis, material development and production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. The main areas covered by the book include: Asphalt binders for flexible pavements Asphalt mixture evaluation and performance Pavement construction and maintenance Pavement Surface Properties and Vehicle Interaction Cementitious materials for rigid pavements Pavement geotechnics and environment Functional Pavements aims at contributing to the establishment of a new generation of pavement design methodologies in which rational mechanics principles, advanced constitutive models and advanced material characterization techniques shall constitute the backbone of the design process. The book will be much of interest to professionals, academics and practitioners in pavement engineering and related disciplines as it should assist them in providing improved road pavement infrastructure to their stakeholders.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
High Performance MgO-barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Flexible and Wearable Spintronic Applications
The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) using MgO barrier is one of most important building blocks for spintronic devices and has been widely utilized as miniaturized magentic sensors. It could play an important role in wearable medical devices if they can be fabricated on flexible substrates. The required stringent fabrication processes to obtain high quality MgO-barrier MTJs, however, limit its integration with flexible electronics devices. In this work, we have developed a method to fabricate high-performance MgO-barrier MTJs directly onto ultrathin flexible silicon membrane with a thickness of 14 μm and then transfer-and-bond to plastic substrates. Remarkably, such flexible MTJs are fully functional, exhibiting a TMR ratio as high as 190% under bending radii as small as 5 mm. The devices‘ robustness is manifested by its retained excellent performance and unaltered TMR ratio after over 1000 bending cycles. The demonstrated flexible MgO-barrier MTJs opens the door to integrating high-performance spintronic devices in flexible and wearable electronics devices for a plethora of biomedical sensing applications.
Journal Article
Neural mechanisms underlying strain preference behaviour and plasticity in mice
All social animals, including humans, have different social identities that generate unique social interactions. Social preference behaviours, including social integration, prosocial behaviour, and cooperation, have a wide impact on an individual’s social life. However, the neural mechanisms underlying social preferences are not yet clear. In this study, using mice as model animals, we investigated strain preference, which is a social preference based on social identification. We revealed, for the first time, that the social behaviour strain preference of mice is heterogeneous; that is, C57 mice prefer to interact with mice of the same strain, whereas KM mice prefer to interact with mice of a different strain. We further confirmed that strain preference in mice can be plastically altered by changing the nurturing environment and increasing social exposure to mice of other strains. Finally, we screened brain regions related to mouse strain preference and revealed that the activity of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) was not only consistent with the social preference of both C57 and KM mice but also coordinated with the alteration in social preference. We subsequently used muscarine to inhibit the PAG in C57BL/6J mice and found that the strain-specific social preference in C57 mice disappeared. These results showed that the PAG is a key brain region for regulating strain preference and its plasticity. This work fills a gap in the study of strain preferences in social preference research.
Journal Article
Changes in the Prevalence of Rheumatic Diseases in Shantou, China, in the Past Three Decades: A COPCORD Study
This study aimed to clarify changes in the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Shantou, China, in the past 3 decades and validate whether stair-climbing is a risk factor for knee pain and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The World Health Organization-International League Against Rheumatism Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) protocol was implemented. In all, 2337 adults living in buildings without elevators and 1719 adults living in buildings with elevators were surveyed. The prevalence of rheumatic pain at any site and in the knee was 15.7% and 10.2%, respectively; both types of pain had a significantly higher incidence in residents of buildings without elevators than was reported by people who lived in buildings with elevators (14.9% vs. 10.6% and 11.32% vs. 8.82%, respectively) (both P < 0.0001). The prevalence of rheumatic pain in the neck, lumbar spine, shoulder, elbow, and foot was 5.6%, 4.5%, 3.1%, 1.4%, and 1.8%, respectively; these findings were similar to the data from the 1987 rural survey, but were somewhat lower than data reported in the urban and suburban surveys of the 1990s, with the exception of neck and lumbar pain. The prevalence of KOA, gout, and fibromyalgia was 7.10%, 1.08%, and 0.07%, respectively, and their prevalence increased significantly compared with those in previous studies from the 20th century. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (0.35%) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (0.31%) compared to that reported in prior surveys. The prevalence of KOA was higher in for residents of buildings without elevators than that in those who had access to elevators (16-64 years, 5.89% vs. 3.95%, P = 0.004; 16->85 years, 7.64% vs. 6.26%, P = 0.162). The prevalence of RA and AS remained stable, whereas that of KOA, gout, and fibromyalgia has increased significantly in Shantou, China, during the past 3 decades. Stair-climbing might be an important risk factor for knee pain and KOA.
Journal Article
Slope deformation monitoring in the Jiufenershan landslide using time domain reflectometry technology
This paper assesses potential slope movement in a landslide area using a grouted cable of time domain reflectometry (TDR) technology compared with data from an inclinometer and bore logs. The paper quantifies the magnitude of a TDR coaxial cable by laboratory shear and extension tests. The maximum and average magnitudes of cable deformation by laboratory shear failure were 60 mm and 47 mm, respectively. Then, in the paper, the results of the laboratory testing were applied to a case study where there were two inclinometers and two TDR monitoring stations. Based on laboratory shear and extension testing, differences in TDR-reflected waveforms can be regarded as locations of cable deformations. Meanwhile, the magnitude of cable deformations can be measured by the regression equation of the relation between reflection coefficients and shear displacements. Finally, the working limit of the cable for potential slope movement can be determined at 210-mρ reflection coefficient in laboratory and field testing. When a grouted cable ruptured, the TDR technology can detect a reflection coefficient at 210 mρ corresponding to the potential shear displacement at approximately 47 mm, which means that a localized slope deformation significantly occurred at the location of the cable rupture.
Journal Article
Applying time domain reflectometry to quantification of slope deformation by shear failure in a landslide
This study employed time domain reflectometry (TDR) to monitor the deformation of grouted coaxial cables in a landslide over an extended period. Laboratory experiments were performed to quantify the magnitude of the deformation by shear failure to simulate types of cable deformation in the field when two localized shear types had been detected using TDR. The study applied two qualification methods to measure the magnitude of the laboratory shear deformation. The integration method of the TDR reflection coefficients demonstrated a stronger significant positive correlation with the shear displacement than did the linear regression method of reflection coefficients in relation to the deformation magnitude of the cables. The integration method indicated increases of localized shear displacements from 15 to 47 mm over time at 10.33- and 13.36-m depths in the landslide. The average maximum magnitude of the cable deformation by shearing was 47 mm corresponding to a 210-mρ reflection coefficient when the cable ruptured in the case study. Overall, the location and magnitude of shear deformation in the landslide can be determined using changes in the TDR waveforms and calculations of the integration method of reflection coefficients.
Journal Article
Efficacy of intraarticular botulinum toxin A and intraarticular hyaluronate plus rehabilitation exercise in patients with unilateral ankle osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Background
There was an increasing requirement for novel treatments of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim was to compare the efficacy of intraarticular Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and intraarticular hyaluronate plus rehabilitation exercise in patients with ankle OA.
Methods
This was a prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded study with a 6-month follow-up period, conducted in the outpatient rehabilitation department at a university-affiliated tertiary care medical center. Seventy-five patients with symptomatic ankle OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2) were randomized to receive either a single 100-unit BoNT-A injection into the target ankle (n = 38) or a single hyaluronate injection plus 12 sessions of rehabilitation exercise (30 minutes/day, 3 times/week for 4 weeks) (n = 37). The primary outcome measure was the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS). Secondary outcome measures included American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle/Hindfoot Score, visual analog scale (VAS) for ankle pain, single leg stance test (SLS), Timed “Up-and-Go” test (TUG), consumption of rescue analgesics and global patient satisfaction.
Results
There were no significant between-group differences in total AOS scores, pain subscale and disability subscale scores (adjusted mean difference AMD = -0.2, 95% CI = (-0.5, 0.2), p = 0.39; AMD = -0.1, 95% CI = (-0.5, 0.3), p = 0.57; AMD = -0.2, 95% CI = (-0.6, 0.2), p = 0.36). The 2 groups showed no significant differences in AOFAS, VAS, SLS, TUG scores and consumption of rescue analgesics at each follow-up visit, except that the hyaluronate group improved more in SLS than the BoNT-A group at 1-month follow-up. Patients’ satisfaction rate was high, with no serious adverse events. There was no difference in adverse events between the two groups (
p
= 1.00).
Conclusions
Treatment with intraarticular BoNT-A or hyaluronate injection plus rehabilitation exercise was associated with improvements in pain, physical function and balance in patients with ankle OA. These effects were rapid at 2 weeks and might last for at least 6 months. There was no difference in effectiveness between the two interventions.
Trial registration
The trial was registered at clinical trials.gov (Registry number
NCT01760577
).
Journal Article
Numerical Simulation and Uncertainty Analysis of an Axial-Flow Waterjet Pump
Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of an axial-flow pump for waterjet propulsion are carried out at model scale, and the numerical uncertainties are analyzed mainly according to the procedure recommended by the twenty-eighth International Towing Tank Conference. The two-layer realizable k-ε model is adopted for turbulence closure, and the flow in viscous sub-layer is resolved. The governing equations are discretized with second-order schemes in space and first-order scheme in time and solved by the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations. The computational domain is discretized into block-structured hexahedral cells. For an axial-flow pump consisting of a seven-bladed rotor and a nine-bladed stator, the uncertainty analysis is conducted by using three sets of successively refined grids and time steps. In terms of the head and power over a range of flow rates, it is verified that the simulation uncertainty is less than 4.3%, and the validation is successfully achieved at an uncertainty level of 4.4% except for the lowest flow rate. Besides this, the simulated flow features around rotor blade tips and between the stator and rotor blade rows are investigated.
Journal Article
Natural compound 5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone mitigates radiation-induced lung injury by suppressing EMT and PI3K/Akt pathway
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) remains a dose-limiting and life-threatening complication of thoracic radiotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of the naturally extracted flavonoid, 5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (HY-N7656), in inhibiting RILI. Lung injury in mice was evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histopathological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Network pharmacology was conducted to predict the potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of HY-N7656 in RILI. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR and protein expression analyses were carried out in vitro using TGF-β-stimulated A549 cells to evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and signaling activity. Results of the present study revealed that HY-N7656 markedly alleviated pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in irradiated mice, leading to a reduction in α-smooth muscle actin expression. In addition, EMT was effectively reversed following treatment with HY-N7656 in A549 alveolar epithelial cells treated with TGF-β, accompanied by restoration of E-cadherin expression and downregulation of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin and vimentin. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking validation identified the PI3K/Akt pathway as a central target, which was subsequently confirmed via western blot analysis. Moreover, results of the present study demonstrated that HY-N7656 inhibited radiation-induced activation of PI3K and Akt. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that HY-N7656 modulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to suppress the progression of EMT in RILI, establishing HY-N7656 as a multi-target inhibitor of RILI. These findings present a potential strategy to enhance the safety of radiotherapy, warranting further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Journal Article
Experimental and numerical investigation of the impacts of rotor tip-rake on excitation forces of pump-jet propulsors
The tip-clearance flow in a pump-jet propulsor exerts great impacts on the fluctuating pressures and resultant unsteady forces, which are important sources of structural vibrations and radiated noise underwater. The blade geometry close to the tip is an important factor determining the vortex strength in the tip-clearance flow. In the open-water condition, the effects of raking the rotor tips on the duct-surface fluctuating pressures and the resultant unsteady forces acting on different components of the propulsor are investigated via physical model experiments and the numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with the SST
k
-
ω
turbulence model. The measured and simulated results of hydrodynamic pressures are consistent to each other, and the simulated flows help better understand why the fluctuating pressures change with the tip geometry. The strong fluctuations of duct-surface pressures are caused by intensive tip separation vortices. The duct-surface pressure fluctuations are effectively reduced by using the rake distribution near the tip towards blade back side and, for the combination of the five-bladed rotor and the seven-bladed stator, the resultant unsteady horizontal (and vertical) forces acting on the duct and stator are also reduced; while increasing rake leads to negative effect on pressure fluctuations and unsteady horizontal (and vertical) forces acting on all the components of the propulsor.
Journal Article