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Observational uncertainty poses major challenges to groundwater model calibration. As the primary source of information for multi‐source data assimilation, monitoring network design is critical for accurately characterizing subsurface dynamics. Under limited measurement accuracy or cost constraints, monitoring networks must remain robust to observational errors. This study develops a multivariate network design framework that quantifies the uncertainty of multicomponent responses using joint entropy and employs deep learning to accelerate computations. Case study results show that the framework reliably estimates non‐Gaussian permeability fields even under high‐noise observations. The calibrated reactive transport model demonstrates strong capability in reproducing historical data and predicting system responses. This work advances the understanding of multi‐source data fusion and supports the development of groundwater monitoring networks under observational uncertainty. Moreover, the proposed approach can be extended to the design of geophysical survey lines that integrate geophysical data.

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is the power source maintaining the stable and efficient operation of various pieces of equipment; hence, its reliability is crucial to the safety of public equipment. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models face challenges in extracting features from PMSM current data. A new Discrete Wavelet Transform Convolutional Neural Networks (DW-CNN) feature with fusion weight updating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) anomaly detection is proposed in this paper. This approach combines Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with high and low-frequency separation processing and LSTM. The anomaly detection method adopts DWT and CNN by separating high and low-frequency processing. Moreover, this method combines the hybrid attention mechanism to extract the multi-current signal features and detects anomalies based on weight updating the LSTM network. Experiments on the motor bearing real fault dataset and the PMSM stator fault dataset prove the method’s strong capability in fusing current features and detecting anomalies.

Tritium (3H) is one of the most critical nuclides for environmental monitoring, yet it is challenging to measure. Its high natural mobility and its potential to enter the human body through the food chain underscore the importance of not overlooking the radiation safety risks associated with tritium. The need for the online measurement of tritium at low concentrations is becoming increasingly apparent. This review examines the two principal stages of current measurement methodologies: sample preparation and radiation signal detection. It provides a summary of the tritium sample preparation and detection techniques, highlighting advances in the research with potential applications in online monitoring. The review concludes with an analysis of the issues inherent in the current techniques and offers perspectives on possible technological enhancements and future trajectories for the development of online monitoring systems for trace tritium levels.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP), especially multidrug-resistant hvKP (MDR-hvKP) infections, are distributed globally, and lead to several outbreaks with high pathogenicity and mortality in immunocompetent individuals. This is usually characterized by a rapidly metastatic spread resulting in multiple pyogenic tissue abscesses. To date, even though the explanation of hypervirulent factors of hvKP has been identified, it still remains to be fully understood. The most common key virulence agents of hvKP included (1) siderophore systems for iron acquisition, (2) increased capsule production, (3) the colibactin toxin, (4) hypermucoviscosity, and so on. Several hypervirulence factors have been renewed, and the evolution of MDR-hvKP has been deeply explored recently. We aim to describe a chain of key virulence agents attributed to the lethality of hvKP and MDR-hvKP. In this review, recent advances in renewed factors in hypervirulence were summarized, and potential therapeutic targets are explored. Novel co-existence of hypervirulence agents and multidrug-resistant elements, even the superplasmid, was screened. Superplasmid simultaneously harbours hypervirulence and multidrug-resistant genes and can mobile autonomously by its complete conjugative elements. Research into related immunity has also gained traction, which may cause multiple invasive infections with higher mortality rates than classical ones, such as neutrophil- and complement-mediated activity. The evolution of virulence and multidrug resistance is accelerating. More reliable methods for identifying hvKP or MDR-hvKP must be investigated. Furthermore, it is critical to investigate innovative treatment targets in the future. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, hypervirulence, multidrug resistant

Liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), stands out as one of the most formidable solid tumors, characterized by a dauntingly low survival rate. At the forefront of the tumor microenvironment (TME) orchestrating the initiation and advancement of HCC are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). TGF-β, widely recognized as a potent activator of CAFs, not only regulates their activity but also assumes a pivotal role in the metastatic journey of the tumor. In our recent study, drawing from the GEO database, we identified two fibroblast subtypes in HCC through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and explore the expression and distribution of TGF-β and its receptors in the TME of HCC. Subsequently, we investigated the interactions between tumor cells expressing high levels (TGFB1 high ) and low levels (TGFB1 low ) of TGF-β in the HCC TME and the two subtypes of CAFs. We also employed multi-color immunohistochemistry (mIHC) technology to examine the expressions of FAP, α-SMA, CD4, Foxp3, and TGF-β in HCC tissues within a tissue microarray. Additionally, we analyzed clinical associations, prognostic values, and the correlation of these molecules. These insights advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving HCC progression and underscore the intricate interplay between tumor cells and the stromal components of the TME.

Boroxines are significant structures in the production of covalent organic frameworks, anion receptors, self-healing materials, and others. However, their utilization in aqueous media is a formidable task due to hydrolytic instability. Here we report a water-stable boroxine structure discovered from 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid. We find that, under ambient environments, 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid undergoes spontaneous dehydration to form a dimer with dynamic covalent bonds and aggregation-induced enhanced emission activity. Intriguingly, upon exposure to water, the dimer rapidly transforms into a boroxine structure with excellent pH stability and water-compatible dynamic covalent bonds. Building upon these discoveries, we report the strong binding capacity of boroxines toward fluoride ions in aqueous media, and develop a boroxine-based hydrogel with high acid–base stability and reversible gel–sol transition. This discovery of the water-stable boroxine structure breaks the constraint of boroxines not being applicable in aqueous environments, opening a new era of researches in boroxine chemistry. Despite the structural significance of boroxines in different classes of materials, their applicability in aqueous media is limited by their hydrolytic instability. Here, the authors discovered a water-stable boroxine structure with excellent pH stability and water-compatible dynamic covalent bonds.

Background The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with other therapeutic strategies have shown exciting results in various malignancies, and ICIs have now become the gold standard for current cancer treatment. In several preclinical and clinical investigations, ablation coupled with immunotherapy has proved to be quite effective. Our previous studies have shown that ablation coupled with ICI is a potential anti-cancer regimen for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). Furthermore, we have reported that following microwave ablation (MWA), the expression of LAG3 is up-regulated in tumor microenvironment (TME), indicating that LAG3 is implicated in the regulation of immunosuppressive immune response, and combination therapy of MWA and LAG3 blockade can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer. Methods The expression of LAG3 was investigated in this study utilizing a preclinical mouse model treated with MWA. Moreover, we monitored the tumor development and survival in mice to assess the anti-cancer effects of MWA alone or in combination with LAG3 blockade. Flow cytometry was also used to phenotype the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD8 + T cell effector molecules. We finally analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of infiltrating CD45 + immune cells in the tumors from the MWA alone and MWA combined with LAG3 blockade groups. Results After MWA, the expression of LAG3 was up-regulated on sub-populations of TILs, and introducing LAG3 blockade to MWA postponed tumor development and extended survival in the MC38 tumor model. Flow cytometry and scRNA-seq revealed that LAG3 blockade in combination with MWA markedly boosted the proliferation and the function of CD8 + TILs, leading to altered myeloid cells in the TME. Conclusion Combination therapy of LAG3 blockade and MWA was a unique therapeutic regimen for some solid tumors, and such combination therapy might reprogram the TME to an anti-tumor manner.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers sensitive and rapid pathogen detection and has the added advantage of analyzing chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) of the host in the same test. This study aimed to evaluate the dual diagnostic performance of mNGS in clinical cases where pulmonary infections and malignancies are difficult to be distinguished. A single-center prospective study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The study recruited patients with lung lesions from October 2021 to October 2022 that required differential diagnosis of infection, malignancy, or other pulmonary diseases. The mNGS was used to detect both pathogens and potential CNVs of the host chromosomes to inform presence of neoplasm, and the results were compared to conventional microbiological tests (CMTs), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, histology, and clinical composite diagnoses. The mNGS demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity of infection diagnosis (56.5% vs.39.1% for CMTs, P < 0.05). The CNVs analysis showed moderate sensitivity (38.9%) and high specificity (100%) for diagnosing malignancy, which helped determine lung cancer in 4 cases who were initially considered as pneumonia. Combining CNVs analysis with BALF cytology has increased the sensitivity for detecting malignancy from 38.9% to 55.6%. Furthermore, the sensitivity of CNVs analysis was higher (50%) when bronchoscopy directly found positive signs, such as neoplasm or bronchial mucosal infiltration. This study highlights the dual capacity of mNGS to simultaneously detect infections and malignancies. The integration of both pathogen and tumor detection could significantly enhance clinical decision-making, particularly for patients with overlapping symptoms of infection and cancer.

To investigate the diagnostic capability of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics models for non-massive breast cancer in dense breast backgrounds. Manual segmentation of ultrasound images was performed to define the intratumoral region of interest (ROI), and five peritumoral ROIs were generated by extending the contours by 1 to 5 mm. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted from these regions and filtered using statistical methods. Thirteen machine learning algorithms were employed to create radiomics models for the intratumoral and peritumoral areas. The best model was combined with clinical ultrasound predictive factors to form a joint model, which was evaluated using ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Based on this model, a nomogram was developed, demonstrating high predictive performance, with C-index values of 0.982 and 0.978.The model incorporating the intratumoral and peritumoral 2 mm regions outperformed other models, indicating its effectiveness in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. This study concludes that ultrasound imaging, particularly in the intratumoral and peritumoral 2 mm regions, has significant potential for diagnosing non-massive breast cancer, and the nomogram can assist clinical decision-making.

Background: Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a severe complication of assisted reproductive therapy. Patients with severe OHSS are complicated with pleuroperitoneal effusion, while isolated pleural effusion is clinically rare. Previous studies have shown that isolated unilateral pleural effusion caused by OHSS mostly involves the right side. Among the 14 patients with severe OHSS complicated with isolated pleural effusion admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to December 2024, the proportion of right-sided effusion was 85.71%, which was consistent with the literature reports. All patients recovered and were discharged after multidisciplinary diagnosis, treatment and nursing care. This study aimed to summarize the nursing experience and provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the nursing methods for 14 patients with severe OHSS complicated by isolated pleural effusion (IPE) who underwent puncture and drainage between April 2020 and December 2024. Results: All 14 patients completed thoracentesis and drainage, their symptoms were controlled, and each patient quickly navigated the critical period. Conclusions: Dynamic patient monitoring of the condition, standardized preoperative preparation, full-cycle catheter management, individualized psychological care, and multi-dimensional thrombosis prevention represent the main nursing measures for patients with severe OHSS complicated by IPE undergoing thoracentesis and drainage.