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Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are transient radio bursts of extragalactic origin characterized by millisecond durations and high luminosities. We report on observations of FRB 20240114A conducted with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope at frequencies ranging from 720 to 920 MHz. A total of 437 bursts were detected, with a single observation recording 365 bursts over 1.38 hr, corresponding to a burst rate of 264 bursts per hour. The average rotation measures (RMs) were 347.0 ± 1.0 rad m−2 on 2024 February 23, and 353.7 ± 0.6 rad m−2 on 2024 March 1. Of the 301 bursts with detected RMs, 81% have a linear polarization fraction greater than 90%, and 14% exhibit circular polarization with a signal-to-noise ratio > 5. Our sample also displayed polarization angle swings. We compared the linear polarization fraction of FRB 20240114A with those of the repeating sources FRB 20201124A and FRB 20220912A. Our analysis reveals that all three exhibit similar distributions in both linear and circular polarization fractions. These results indicate that the three sources share the same radiation mechanism. We analyze the fluence and waiting-time distributions of FRB 20240114A, revealing a right-skewed fluence distribution and a bimodal waiting-time structure, suggesting intrinsic emission timescales and potential multiple burst populations. Additionally, we present a novel method to determine the frequency range of bursts based on their spectral characteristics. This algorithm is independent of spectral models and remains unaffected by the removal of interference-affected channels in the data, ensuring robust performance.

Background Workplace violence is a global public health issue and a major occupational hazard cross borders and environments. Nurses are the primary victims of workplace violence due to their frontline roles and continuous interactions. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the status of workplace violence, turnover intention, compassion fatigue, and psychological resilience among Chinese nurses, and explore the mediating role of compassion fatigue and the moderating role of psychological resilience on relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention among Chinese nurses. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of clinical registered nurses from public hospitals in Changsha, Hunan, China. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, which included a demographic information form, the Workplace Violence Scale (WVS), the Turnover Intention Questionnaire (TIQ), the Compassion Fatigue Scale (CF-CN), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed to examine the relationships among the main variables. A moderated mediation analysis was further conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4 and Model 8) to examine the mediating role of compassion fatigue and the moderating role of psychological resilience. Result The present survey recruited a convenience sample of 1,141 clinical registered nurses, who reported experiencing multiple types of workplace violence during the past year. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between workplace violence and turnover intention ( r  = 0.466, P  < 0.01) as well as compassion fatigue ( r  = 0.452, P  < 0.01), while negative correlation between workplace violence and psychological resilience ( r =-0.414, P  < 0.01). Moderated mediation analysis revealed that compassion fatigue mediated, while psychological resilience moderated, the positive relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention (all P  < 0.05). Conclusion This study underscores the mediating effect of compassion fatigue and the moderating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention among Chinese nurses. Future efforts should be undertaken to develop effective preventive measures and intervention strategies at individual, organizational, and national levels to mitigate workplace violence and foster supportive work environment. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

We present the calibration procedures and validation of source measurement with the data of the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey for H i intensity mapping by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope. Using a 70 hr drift-scan observation with the L-band (1.05–1.45 GHz) 19 beam receiver, we obtain the data covering a 270 deg2 sky area. We employ both the pulsar backend and the spectrum backend to calibrate the spectral time-ordered data (TOD) before projecting them onto HEALPix maps. We produce calibrated TOD with a frequency resolution of 30 kHz and time resolution of 1 s and the map data cube with a frequency resolution of 30 kHz and spatial resolution of 2.95 arcmin2. We examine the pointing errors, noise overflow, radio-frequency interference (RFI) contamination, and their effect on the data quality. The resulting noise level is ∼5.7 mJy for the calibrated TOD and 1.6 mJy for the map, consistent with the theoretical predictions within 5% at RFI-free channels. We also validate the data by principal component analysis and find that the residual map looks thermal noise dominated after removing 30 modes. We identify 447 isolated bright continuum sources in our data matching the NRAO VLA Sky Survey catalog, with relative flux error of 8.3% for TOD and 6.6% for the map level. We also measure the H i emission of 90 galaxies with redshift z < 0.07 and compare them with H i-MaNGA spectra, yielding an overall relative H i integral flux error of 16.7%. These results provide an important first step in assessing the feasibility of conducting cosmological H i detection with CRAFTS.

Machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to identify a novel biological target for breast cancer and explored its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and patient prognosis. The edgR package identified hub genes associated with overall survival (OS) and prognosis, which were validated using public datasets. Of 149 up-regulated genes identified in tumor tissues, three ML algorithms identified COL11A1 as a hub gene. COL11A1was highly expressed in breast cancer samples and associated with a poor prognosis, and positively correlated with a stromal score (r=0.49, p<0.001) and the ESTIMATE score (r=0.29, p<0.001) in the TME. Furthermore, COL11A1 negatively correlated with B cells, CD4 and CD8 cells, but positively associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts. Forty-three related immune-regulation genes associated with COL11A1 were identified, and a five-gene immune regulation signature was built. Compared with clinical factors, this gene signature was an independent risk factor for prognosis (HR=2.591, 95%CI 1.831–3.668, p=7.7e-08). A nomogram combining the gene signature with clinical variables, showed better predictive performance (C-index=0.776). The model correction prediction curve showed little bias from the ideal curve. COL11A1 is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer and may be involved in the tumor immune infiltration; its high expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis.

We present the results of Green Bank Telescope observations of two pulsars discovered with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) during the 19-beam Commensal Radio Astronomy FasT Survey (CRAFTS). We highlight the first timing solutions, pulse profiles, flux densities, and polarization measurements at 820 MHz for PSR J0535–0231, with a spin period of 415 ms, and PSR J1816–0518, with a spin period of 1.93 s, from a year-long follow-up campaign. PSR J0535–0231 appears to be partially recycled, but isolated, and likely belongs to the class of disrupted recycled pulsars. We find that the two widely used electron density models, NE2001 and YMW16, both fall short of accurately modeling the line of sight to PSR J0535–0231, as the maximum dispersion measure (DM) predicted by both models is lower than the pulsar’s DM of 118.1 pc cm−3. Finally, we place both pulsar discoveries in the context of other FAST pulsars discovered in the CRAFTS survey and of the currently known pulsar population, in general, and discuss ways in which future FAST discoveries of faint, distant pulsars might facilitate the development of improved versions of the aforementioned electron density models in certain regions of our Galaxy.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy） is a member of the PPARs, which are transcription factors of the steroid receptor superfamily. PPARy acts as an important molecule for regulating energy homeostasis, modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HPG） axis, and is reciprocally regulated by HPG. In the human, PPARγprotein is highly expressed in ejaculated spermatozoa, implying a possible role of PPARγ signaling in regulating sperm energy dissipation. PPARγ protein is also expressed in Sertoli cells and germ cells （spermatocytes）. Its activation can be induced during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. This mini-review will focus on how PPARy signaling may affect fertility and sperm quality and the potential reversibility of these adverse effects.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are proposed to be the first specialized cell type to appear in the lung, but their ontogeny remains obscure. Although studies of PNECs have suggested their involvement in a number of lung functions, neither their in vivo significance nor the molecular mechanisms underlying them have been elucidated. Importantly, PNECs have long been speculated to constitute the cells of origin of human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and recent mouse models support this hypothesis. However, a genetic system that permits tracing the early events of PNEC transformation has not been available. To address these key issues, we developed a genetic tool in mice by introducing a fusion protein of Cre recombinase and estrogen receptor (CreER) into the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) locus that encodes a major peptide in PNECs. The CGRP Cʳᵉᴱᴿ mouse line has enabled us to manipulate gene activity in PNECs. Lineage tracing using this tool revealed the plasticity of PNECs. PNECs can be colabeled with alveolar cells during lung development, and following lung injury, PNECs can contribute to Clara cells and ciliated cells. Contrary to the current model, we observed that elimination of PNECs has no apparent consequence on Clara cell recovery. We also created mouse models of SCLC in which CGRP Cʳᵉᴱᴿ was used to ablate multiple tumor suppressors in PNECs that were simultaneously labeled for following their fate. Our findings suggest that SCLC can originate from differentiated PNECs. Together, these studies provide unique insight into PNEC lineage and function and establish the foundation of investigating how PNECs contribute to lung homeostasis, injury/repair, and tumorigenesis.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent arrhythmic condition resulting in increased stroke risk and is associated with high mortality. Electrolyte imbalance can increase the risk of AF, where the relationship between AF and serum electrolytes remains unclear. Methods A total of 15,792 individuals were included in the observational study, with incident AF ascertainment in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. The Cox regression models were applied to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AF based on different serum electrolyte levels. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the causal association. Results In observational study, after a median 19.7 years of follow-up, a total of 2551 developed AF. After full adjustment, participants with serum potassium below the 5th percentile had a higher risk of AF relative to participants in the middle quintile. Serum magnesium was also inversely associated with the risk of AF. An increased incidence of AF was identified in individuals with higher serum phosphate percentiles. Serum calcium levels were not related to AF risk. Moreover, MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted serum electrolyte levels were not causally associated with AF risk. The odds ratio for AF were 0.999 for potassium, 1.044 for magnesium, 0.728 for phosphate, and 0.979 for calcium, respectively. Conclusions Serum electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia were associated with an increased risk of AF and may also serve to be prognostic factors. However, the present study did not support serum electrolytes as causal mediators for AF development.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD), but it poses significant perioperative risks, including thrombosis and bleeding, especially in elderly patients with comorbidities such as nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary infection. Thromboelastography (TEG) has emerged as a valuable tool for guiding dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and optimizing drug treatment strategies in these complex cases. A case presentation of a 65-year-old male patient with nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary infection undergoing CABG surgery was reported. The patient's management included TEG-guided DAPT, routine monitoring of coagulation parameters, and adjustments based on clinical findings and laboratory results. TEG effectively guided DAPT and anticoagulant therapy, ensuring appropriate coagulation status and minimizing bleeding risks. The patient's postoperative management included dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, adjusted based on TEG results. Additional interventions included the use of proton pump inhibitors to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding and tailored antibiotic therapy for pulmonary infection. The patient's clinical outcomes improved, with stable coagulation parameters and controlled infection. Clinical pharmacists play a critical role in optimizing medication regimens and ensuring patient safety through multidisciplinary collaboration. Future studies should further explore the integration of TEG and other advanced tools in personalized pharmaceutical care for complex post-CABG cases.

Background When developing CRISPR/Cas9 systems for crops, it is crucial to invest time characterizing the genome editing efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 cassettes, especially if the transformation system is difficult or time-consuming. Cotton is an important crop for the production of fiber, oil, and biofuel. However, the cotton stable transformation is usually performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens taking between 8 and 12 months to generate T 0 plants. Furthermore, cotton is a heterotetraploid and targeted mutagenesis is considered to be difficult as many genes are duplicated in this complex genome. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cotton is severely hampered by the long and technically challenging genetic transformation process, making it imperative to maximize its efficiency. Results In this study, we provide a new system to evaluate and validate the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 cassettes in cotton using a transient expression system. By using this system, we could select the most effective CRISPR/Cas9 cassettes before the stable transformation. We have also optimized the existing cotton CRISPR/Cas9 system to achieve vastly improved mutagenesis efficiency by incorporating an endogenous GhU6 promoter that increases sgRNA expression levels over the Arabidopsis AtU6 - 29 promoter. The 300 bp GhU6.3 promoter was cloned and validated using the transient expression system. When sgRNAs were expressed under the control of the GhU6.3 promoter in CRISPR/Cas9 cassettes, expression levels were 6–7 times higher than those provided by the AtU6 - 29 promoter and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation efficiency was improved 4–6 times. Conclusions This study provides essential improvements to maximize CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation efficiency by reducing risk and workload for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 approaches in the targeted mutagenesis of cotton.