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Advances in hospitality and leisure. Volume 15
\"Advances in Hospitality and Leisure (AHL), a peer-reviewed research journal, has been published annually since 2004. AHL is indexed in Scopus and included in the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) journal quality list. International in focus, the series attempts to divulge innovative methods of inquiry so as to inspire new research topics that are vital and have been in large neglected in the context of hospitality, tourism, and leisure. It strives to address the needs of the populace willing to disseminate seminal ideas, concepts, and theories derived from scholarly inquiries. This fifteenth annual volume includes eight full papers and three research notes. Most articles deploy either a quantitative or qualitative approach to data collection while two present conceptual models. The scholarly works covered in the volume are contributed by reputable researchers from five nations. The authors of this publication come from America, Europe, Asia, Pacific, and Africa. Potential readers may retrieve useful articles to outline new research agendas, suggest viable topics for a dissertation work, and augment the knowledge of the new subjects of learning.\"--Back cover.
BOOK
Large anomalous Hall effect in the chiral-lattice antiferromagnet CoNb3S6
An ordinary Hall effect in a conductor arises due to the Lorentz force acting on the charge carriers. In ferromagnets, an additional contribution to the Hall effect, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), appears proportional to the magnetization. While the AHE is not seen in a collinear antiferromagnet, with zero net magnetization, recently it has been shown that an intrinsic AHE can be non-zero in non-collinear antiferromagnets as well as in topological materials hosting Weyl nodes near the Fermi energy. Here we report a large anomalous Hall effect with Hall conductivity of 27 Ω
−1
cm
−1
in a chiral-lattice antiferromagnet, CoNb
3
S
6
consisting of a small intrinsic ferromagnetic component (≈0.0013
μ
B
per Co) along
c
-axis. This small moment alone cannot explain the observed size of the AHE. We attribute the AHE to either formation of a complex magnetic texture or the combined effect of the small intrinsic moment on the electronic band structure.
Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in antiferromagnets is intriguing and requires further understanding. Here the authors report large AHE in a chiral-lattice antiferromagnet CoNb
3
S
6
of which the origin can be due to complex magnetic texture or broken time-reversal symmetry on the electronic band structure.
Journal Article
Photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex are mediated by distinct populations of ipRGCs
Variation in the third retinal photoreceptor
For many years, it was thought that rods and cones were the only light-detecting cells in the mammalian retina, but about 20 years ago a third photoreceptor was identified, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Expressing the photo-pigment melanopsin, these cells assist in the regulation of circadian photoentrainment and help to drive the pupillary light reflex. Chen
et al
. now show that these two functions are associated with distinct subpopulations of ipRGCs, defined by specific molecular factors and acting in parallel.
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) express the photopigment melanopsin and regulate a wide array of light-dependent physiological processes
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
. Genetic ablation of ipRGCs eliminates circadian photoentrainment and severely disrupts the pupillary light reflex (PLR)
12
,
13
. Here we show that ipRGCs consist of distinct subpopulations that differentially express the Brn3b transcription factor, and can be functionally distinguished. Brn3b-negative M1 ipRGCs innervate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, whereas Brn3b-positive ipRGCs innervate all other known brain targets, including the olivary pretectal nucleus. Consistent with these innervation patterns, selective ablation of Brn3b-positive ipRGCs severely disrupts the PLR, but does not impair circadian photoentrainment. Thus, we find that molecularly distinct subpopulations of M1 ipRGCs, which are morphologically and electrophysiologically similar, innervate different brain regions to execute specific light-induced functions.
Journal Article
Heart Rate Variability in Psychology: A Review of HRV Indices and an Analysis Tutorial
The use of heart rate variability (HRV) in research has been greatly popularized over the past decades due to the ease and affordability of HRV collection, coupled with its clinical relevance and significant relationships with psychophysiological constructs and psychopathological disorders. Despite the wide use of electrocardiograms (ECG) in research and advancements in sensor technology, the analytical approach and steps applied to obtain HRV measures can be seen as complex. Thus, this poses a challenge to users who may not have the adequate background knowledge to obtain the HRV indices reliably. To maximize the impact of HRV-related research and its reproducibility, parallel advances in users’ understanding of the indices and the standardization of analysis pipelines in its utility will be crucial. This paper addresses this gap and aims to provide an overview of the most up-to-date and commonly used HRV indices, as well as common research areas in which these indices have proven to be very useful, particularly in psychology. In addition, we also provide a step-by-step guide on how to perform HRV analysis using an integrative neurophysiological toolkit, NeuroKit2.
Journal Article
Middle class China : identity and behaviour
A general expectation has developed that China's middle class will generate not only social but also political change. This expectation often overlooks the reality that there is no single Chinese middle class with a common identity or will to action. This timely volume examines the behaviour and identity of the different elements of China's middle class entrepreneurs, managers, and professionals in order to understand their centrality to the wider processes of social and political change in China. The expert contributors seek to identify the social space occupied by the Chinese middle class rather than identifying social backgrounds and attitudes. In so doing they explore socio-political issues, the development of a consumer society, relationships between gender and class in the workplace, home-ownership and the appearance of gated communities, and the political interaction between the Party-state and the entrepreneurial middle classes and their impact on the new institutional economics. Providing a more nuanced understanding of the structure of the middle class in China and identifying dynamic elements in their behaviour, this unique book will prove a fascinating and thought provoking read for academics, students and researchers with an interest in Asian studies and public policy.
Book
Benchmarking an 11-qubit quantum computer
The field of quantum computing has grown from concept to demonstration devices over the past 20 years. Universal quantum computing offers efficiency in approaching problems of scientific and commercial interest, such as factoring large numbers, searching databases, simulating intractable models from quantum physics, and optimizing complex cost functions. Here, we present an 11-qubit fully-connected, programmable quantum computer in a trapped ion system composed of 13
171
Yb
+
ions. We demonstrate average single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.5
%
, average two-qubit-gate fidelities of 97.5
%
, and SPAM errors of 0.7
%
. To illustrate the capabilities of this universal platform and provide a basis for comparison with similarly-sized devices, we compile the Bernstein-Vazirani and Hidden Shift algorithms into our native gates and execute them on the hardware with average success rates of 78
%
and 35
%
, respectively. These algorithms serve as excellent benchmarks for any type of quantum hardware, and show that our system outperforms all other currently available hardware.
The growing complexity of quantum computing devices makes presents challenges for benchmarking their performance as previous, exhaustive approaches become infeasible. Here the authors characterise the quality of their 11-qubit device by successfully computing two quantum algorithms.
Journal Article
Rapid change of superconductivity and electron-phonon coupling through critical doping in Bi-2212
More than 30 years after the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides, its mechanism remains a mystery. Electron pairing mediated solely by lattice vibrations—phonons—is thought to be insufficient to account for the high transition temperatures. He et al. found a rapid and correlated increase of the superconducting gap and electron-phonon interactions as the chemical composition of their bismuth-based cuprate samples was varied across a critical doping concentration. The interplay of electron-phonon with electron-electron interactions may lead to enhanced transition temperatures. Science , this issue p. 62 Angle-resolved photoemission uncovers an interplay between various types of interaction in a cuprate superconductor. Electron-boson coupling plays a key role in superconductivity for many systems. However, in copper-based high–critical temperature ( T c ) superconductors, its relation to superconductivity remains controversial despite strong spectroscopic fingerprints. In this study, we used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to find a pronounced correlation between the superconducting gap and the bosonic coupling strength near the Brillouin zone boundary in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ . The bosonic coupling strength rapidly increases from the overdoped Fermi liquid regime to the optimally doped strange metal, concomitant with the quadrupled superconducting gap and the doubled gap-to- T c ratio across the pseudogap boundary. This synchronized lattice and electronic response suggests that the effects of electronic interaction and the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) reinforce each other in a positive-feedback loop upon entering the strange-metal regime, which in turn drives a stronger superconductivity.
Journal Article