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The cardiometabolic index (CMI), initially devised as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus, has evolved into a composite biomarker for evaluating metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk. In order to shed light on any possible interactions between sarcopenia and CMI, this study will look at the relationship between the two. Data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed to investigate the possible link between sarcopenia and CMI. Among 3,185 eligible participants, the weighted prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.84%. A significant positive association emerged between CMI and sarcopenia risk, with each unit increase in CMI was linked with a 12% greater risk of sarcopenia in the fully adjusted model (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26). Moreover, dose-response relationships were evident across CMI tertiles (P for trend < 0.05). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests indicated that the positive correlation between CMI and the risk of sarcopenia differs significantly across subgroups defined by education level, sedentary time and CVD status (all P for interaction < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate a robust association between elevated CMI levels and increased sarcopenia risk, suggesting CMI's potential utility as a clinical biomarker for sarcopenia risk surveillance. To confirm these results and demonstrate causality, more research is required.

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated dysbiosis is characterized by a loss of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose supernatant exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the anti-inflammatory substances in F. prausnitzii supernatant and the mechanism in ameliorating colitis in IBD have not yet been fully investigated. Methods Experimental colitis models were induced and evaluated by clinical examination and histopathology. Levels of cytokines and ratio of T cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. F. prausnitzii supernatant was separated by macroporous resins. After extraction, the substances in supernatant were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. T-cell differentiation assay was conducted in vitro. Changes in signaling pathways were examined by immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining. Results We found that the supernatant of F. prausnitzii could regulate T helper 17 cell (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Then, we identified butyrate produced by F. prausnitzii that played the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and the activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/IL-17 pathway and promoting forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Finally, we demonstrated that the target of butyrate was histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Conclusions It is butyrate, instead of other substances produced by F. prausnitzii, that maintains Th17/Treg balance and exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in colorectal colitis rodents, by inhibiting HDAC1 to promote Foxp3 and block the IL-6/STAT3/IL-17 downstream pathway. F. prausnitzii could be an option for further investigation for IBD treatment. Targeting the butyrate-HDAC1-T-cell axis offers an effective novel approach in the treatment of inflammatory disease.

Background Since diet is a known modulator of inflammation, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), which quantifies the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet, becomes a significant parameter to consider. Chronic diarrhea is commonly linked to inflammatory processes within the gut. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential link between DII and chronic diarrhea. Methods This research utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2010. The DII was calculated according to the average intake of 28 nutrients using information gathered from two 24-hour recall interviews. The Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) was adopted to describe chronic diarrhea, identifying stool Type 6 and Type 7. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the causal connection between DII and chronic diarrhea. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted. Results The study encompassed 11,219 adults, among whom 7.45% reported chronic diarrhea. Initially, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between DII and chronic diarrhea. Nevertheless, this connection lost statistical significance (OR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96–1.05; P  = 0.8501) after adjusting for all confounding variables. Stratified by sex, the analysis revealed a notable rise in the risk of chronic diarrhea with increasing DII among female participants (all P  for trend < 0.05). This tendency remained constant even after full adjustment ( P  for trend = 0.0192), whereas no significant association was noted in males (all P  for trend > 0.05). Furthermore, an L-shaped association emerged between DII and chronic diarrhea, with an inflection point of -1.34. In the population with DII scores below -1.34, each unit increase in DII correlated with a 27% reduction in the probability of chronic diarrhea (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.93), whereas in the population with DII scores above -1.34, the risk increased by 4% (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98–1.10). Merely, the gender interaction was shown to be statistically significant based on subgroup analyses and interaction tests. Conclusions A favorable association between DII and chronic diarrhea exists in adults in the United States. Nevertheless, additional long-term prospective studies are required to confirm and solidify those findings.

This study used all-journal data and systematic random sampling data to primarily determine the average number of issues per year and the average number of articles per issue among the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) (China), and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) (China) journals. The random sampling data were based on 5% SCI and SSCI samples and 10% CSCD and CSSCI samples. The objectives were to have a 2018–2019 record of the journal publication frequency detailing the number of articles per issue and the number of issues per year for the journals on the lists, as well as to compare Chinese journals’ data with those of international journals, in the perspective of scholarly publishing transformations in the world as well as in China during the past two decades. The study found that the average number of issues per year for SCI, SSCI, CSCD, and CSSCI journals was 10.95, 5.18, 9.17, and 7.87, respectively, and that CSCD/CSSCI journals publish more articles than SCI/SSCI, with CSSCI journals publishing significantly more articles per year than SSCI journals. The author fees for non-OA journals in China could play a role in the higher number of articles. The “mega journal” phenomenon does not seem to be a common practice among all the journal lists studied.

Bad meteorological conditions may reduce the reliability of power communication equipment, which can increase the distortion possibility of fault information in the communication process, hence raising its uncertainty and incompleteness. To address the issue, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for transmission networks considering meteorological factors. Firstly, a spiking neural P system considering a meteorological living environment and its matrix reasoning algorithm are designed. Secondly, based on the topology structure of the target power transmission network and the action logic of its protection devices, a diagnosis model based on the spiking neural P system considering the meteorological living environment is built for each suspicious fault transmission line. Following this, the action messages of protection devices and corresponding temporal order information are used to obtain initial pulse values of input neurons of the diagnosis model, which are then modified with the gray fuzzy theory. Finally, the matrix reasoning algorithm of each model is executed in a parallel manner to obtain diagnosis results. Experiment results achieved out on IEEE 39-bus system show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Background: Spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL) precedes an increased risk of reduced fertility, while its etiology mechanism remains largely unknown. Liver dysfunction presenting in early pregnancy may represent a pre-existing undiagnosed liver condition affecting fetal development. Here, we investigated whether maternal abnormal liver function in early pregnancy contributed to the incidence of SPL.Methods: Data on pregnant women were leveraged from the Maternal Health Care Information System in Shanghai City from 2017 to 2021. Liver dysfunction status was defined as having any elevated liver function biomarker levels (LFBs) at the first antenatal visit. SPL cases were defined as fetal death occurring before 28 weeks gestation. Generalized linear models were used to estimate crude and adjusted risk ratios (RRs and aRRs, respectively) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Among 10,175 leveraged pregnant women, 918 (9.0%) SPL cases were recorded. Maternal liver dysfunction in early pregnancy was associated with a 49% increased risk of SPL (RR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22–1.84). This positive association persisted after adjustment for covariates (aRR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.26–1.92). Higher γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were also linked with increased risk of SPL in a linear fashion (aRRs per 1 standard deviation increase: 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.17 and 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07–1.20, respectively). Similar magnitudes of associations were observed between normal weight and overweight pregnant women in subgroup analysis.Conclusion: We provide new evidence that maternal abnormal liver function in early pregnancy, as well as GGT and ALP, predisposes to an increased risk of SPL.

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing has been widely used as a non-destructive testing method for various materials. However, it is difficult to separate the influences of the defect geometrical parameters such as depth, width, and length on the received leakage signals. In this paper, a “near-field” MFL method is proposed to quantify defect widths. Both the finite element modelling (FEM) and experimental studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed method. It is found that that the distance between two peaks of the “near-field” MFL is strongly related to the defect width and lift-off value, whereas it is slightly affected by the defect depth. Based on this phenomenon, a defect width assessment relying on the “near-field” MFL method is proposed. Results show that relative judging errors are less than 5%. In addition, the analytical expression of the “near-field” MFL is also developed.

Background Few studies have assessed sarcopenia identified by erector spinae muscle (ESM) using thoracic computed tomography (CT) before cardiac surgery. We aimed to explore the relationship between sarcopenia evaluated via ESM and poor outcomes following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in elderly patients. Methods 268 patients older than 65 years who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB at our institution in 2020 were included in the retrospective, single center, cohort study. Preoperative chest CT scans were used to measure the cross-sectional areas of the ESM (ESM CSA ), which were then adjusted for body surface area (BSA) to determine the muscle mass index. Patients were categorized into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups based on ESM CSA /BSA scores, and their short- and long-term clinical outcomes were compared. Results The ESM CSA /BSA detected sarcopenia in 51.1% of patients. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly extended durations of stay in both the intensive care unit and the hospital compared to those without sarcopenia. Furthermore, the incidence of major adverse events was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group compared to the non-sarcopenia group (15.3% vs. 32.1%, P  < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia (OR 2.457, 95% CI 1.178–5.126, P  = 0.017) independently predicted the risk of postoperative complications after adjusting for gender, preoperative nutritional status, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, type of surgery, surgical time, and aortic cross-clamp time. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in overall mortality between groups (log-rank P  = 0.011). The Cox proportional hazards model identified preoperative sarcopenia as an independent risk factor for long-term mortality (HR, 2.132; 95% CI 1.144–3.972, P  = 0.017). Conclusion Our study identified preoperative sarcopenia, assessed via ESM muscle mass on chest CT, as an independent predictor of postoperative complications and long-term overall mortality in elderly cardiac surgery patients with CPB.

Bariatric surgery (BS) effectively manages severe obesity, but postoperative dietary restrictions often lead to nutrient deficiencies, particularly in the first year. This study evaluated dietary intake and serum nutrient status at 6 and 12 months post-BS in 133 patients (sleeve gastrectomy/gastric bypass, 2022–2023). Nutritional assessments were conducted using 24-hour dietary recall, comparing results with the Guidelines for Medical Nutritional Treatment of Overweight/Obesity in China (2021). Total energy intake increased significantly from 6 to 12 months (116.2 ± 433.1 kcal/d, P  = 0.02). Carbohydrate contribution rose by 3.0 ± 13.6 energy percentage (en%, P  = 0.01), while fat (-1.6 ± 8.9 en%, P  = 0.04) and protein (-1.4 ± 6.3 en%, P  = 0.01) contributions decreased. Mean protein intake remained below recommendations at both time points (53.5 ± 22.1 g/d vs. 56.4 ± 19.9 g/d), with only 59.4% (6 months) and 53.4% (12 months) meeting criteria. Mean change in consumption from 3 to 6 months, reflecting significant increases, was observed for cereal (24.7 ± 81.1 g/d, P  = 0.001), vegetables (57.7 ± 159.8 g/d, P  < 0.001) and vegetable oil (2.7 ± 5.9 g/d, P  < 0.001). The most common deficiencies in postoperative serum nutrients were those of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (91.7%), ferritin (27.1%), albumin (14.3%) and hemoglobin (12.8%) at 12 months after surgery. Regression analysis showed that gender, surgical type, fat intake and protein powder use were independent predictors of postoperative protein intake. In conclusion, patients demonstrated inadequate nutrient intake and persistent serum deficiencies during the year following surgery. Close monitoring of dietary adherence remains critical throughout the postoperative phase.

Background Research on dyslipidemia during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has rarely been conducted in Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate maternal mid-trimester lipid profile in relation to GDM and clinical outcomes in these high-risk populations. Methods The medical records of 632 pregnant women in the second trimester were retrospectively analyzed. Maternal fasting serum lipids were assayed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and Apo B concentrations during the second trimester. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as log (TG/HDL). The clinical outcomes were collected by evaluating delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage, prematurity, macrosomia, birth weight, body length and neonatal Apgar 5 min score. Results Levels of TG and AIP were elevated while decreased HDL-C was observed in women with GDM compared with that of the control group. Significant differences were observed in gestational weeks at birth, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, birth weight, body length, prematurity and macrosomia between the two groups. Compared with women with hyperlipidemia, the incidence of GDM and cesarean section was lower in normal lipid group. Women in the hyperlipidemia group had smaller gestational weeks at birth than those in the control group. According to the logistic regression analysis, each unit elevation in AIP increased the risk of GDM by 18.48 times (OR = 18.48, CI: 2.38–143.22). Besides, age (OR = 1.11, CI: 1.06–1.16) and pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.15, CI: 1.07–1.24) were the risk factors of GDM. Conclusions These findings suggested that reasonable lipid control in the second trimester might reduce the incidence of GDM and be a potential strategy for improving clinical outcomes in these high-risk women.