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In the current booming development of financial technology, in order to improve the quality of personal credit evaluation, enhance platform prediction efficiency, and improve the credit evaluation system, this article deeply explores effective methods for building a credit evaluation service platform. Compared with traditional financial data, these platforms fully leverage the significant characteristics of big data, such as large scale, rapid circulation, and diverse types. Through a comprehensive investigation of the current situation of personal credit evaluation in China and in-depth analysis of the key role played by big data in credit evaluation, important achievements have been made in the research. It not only lays a solid theoretical foundation for building a reliable and accurate AI driven evaluation system, but also provides valuable decision-making references for policy makers, helping them make scientific decisions in balancing technological innovation and data ethics, innovating data collection and usage methods, promoting cross platform data sharing, and effectively addressing opportunities and challenges in the field of credit evaluation.

Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to human health, attributed to factors such as the emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living environments and lifestyles, and the aging population. Despite rapid advancements in mechanistic research and drug development for these diseases, current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable side effects, necessitating the development of more effective and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support for the prevention, treatment, and detection of inflammation-associated diseases. Various types of nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles, serving as vaccine vehicles to enhance immunogenicity and as drug carriers to improve targeting and bioavailability. NPs can also directly combat pathogens and inflammation. In addition, nanotechnology has facilitated the development of biosensors for pathogen detection and imaging techniques for inflammatory diseases. This review categorizes and characterizes different types of NPs, summarizes their applications in the prevention, treatment, and detection of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It also discusses the challenges associated with clinical translation in this field and explores the latest developments and prospects. In conclusion, nanotechnology opens up new possibilities for the comprehensive management of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) dissipates terrestrial heat to the extremely cold outer space without using any energy input or producing pollution. It has the potential to simultaneously alleviate the two major problems of energy crisis and global warming. In this review, we summarize general strategies implemented for achieving PDRC and various applications of PDRC technologies. We first introduce heat transfer processes involved in PDRC, including radiative and nonradiative heat transfer processes, to evaluate the PDRC performance. Subsequently, we summarize the general material designs used for controlling PDRC performance, such as tuning the thermal mid‐infrared emittance and solar reflectance. Finally, we discuss the diverse applications of PDRC technologies to overcome problems in space cooling, solar cell cooling, water harvesting, and electricity generation. This review discussed the fundamentals, material designs, and applications of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC), focusing on how to tune the thermal emittance and solar reflectance of inorganic dielectric and organic polymer materials, including selective emitters, angle‐dependent emitters, colored emitters, and switchable emitters in the PDRC. The applications of PDRC in space and solar cell cooling, water harvesting, and electricity generation are also discussed.

Abstract Oxidative stress due to aberrant metabolism is considered as a crucial contributor to diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia boost excessive reactive oxygen species generation by elevated mitochondrial respiration, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and enhanced pro-oxidative processes, including protein kinase C pathways, hexosamine, polyol, and advanced glycation endproducts, which exacerbate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset of diabetes and its associated complications by impairing insulin production, increasing insulin resistance, maintaining hyperglycemic memory, and inducing systemic inflammation. A more profound comprehension of the molecular processes that link oxidative stress to diabetes is crucial to new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying how oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus and its complications. We also summarize the current approaches for prevention and treatment by targeting the oxidative stress pathways in diabetes.

Loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is observed in multiple cancer types, including 10–40% of bladder cancers 1 – 6 , but its clinical and biological significance is unknown. Here, using genomic and transcriptomic studies, we report that LOY correlates with poor prognoses in patients with bladder cancer. We performed in-depth studies of naturally occurring LOY mutant bladder cancer cells as well as those with targeted deletion of Y chromosome by CRISPR–Cas9. Y-positive (Y + ) and Y-negative (Y – ) tumours grew similarly in vitro, whereas Y − tumours were more aggressive than Y + tumours in immune-competent hosts in a T cell-dependent manner. High-dimensional flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that Y − tumours promote striking dysfunction or exhaustion of CD8 + T cells in the tumour microenvironment. These findings were validated using single-nuclei RNA sequencing and spatial proteomic evaluation of human bladder cancers. Of note, compared with Y + tumours, Y − tumours exhibited an increased response to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy in both mice and patients with cancer. Together, these results demonstrate that cancer cells with LOY mutations alter T cell function, promoting T cell exhaustion and sensitizing them to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. This work provides insights into the basic biology of LOY mutation and potential biomarkers for improving cancer immunotherapy. Loss of the Y chromosome in tumour cells is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with bladder cancer by causing local T cell exhaustion, which also increases the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Macrophage (Mϕ)-fibroblast interactions coordinate tissue repair after injury whereas miscommunications can result in pathological healing and fibrosis. We show that contracting fibroblasts generate deformation fields in fibrillar collagen matrix that provide far-reaching physical cues for Mϕ. Within collagen deformation fields created by fibroblasts or actuated microneedles, Mϕ migrate towards the force source from several hundreds of micrometers away. The presence of a dynamic force source in the matrix is critical to initiate and direct Mϕ migration. In contrast, collagen condensation and fiber alignment resulting from fibroblast remodelling activities or chemotactic signals are neither required nor sufficient to guide Mϕ migration. Binding of α2β1 integrin and stretch-activated channels mediate Mϕ migration and mechanosensing in fibrillar collagen ECM. We propose that Mϕ mechanosense the velocity of local displacements of their substrate, allowing contractile fibroblasts to attract Mϕ over distances that exceed the range of chemotactic gradients. Macrophages play an important role in wound healing but the guidance cues driving macrophages to sites of repair are still not clear. Here the authors discover that macrophages are attracted to contracting fibroblasts by responding to locally sensed displacements of collagen fibres.

The accuracy assessment of land cover data is of significant value to accurately monitor and objectively reproduce spatio-temporal dynamic changes to land surface landscapes. In this study, the interpretation and applicability of CCI, MCD, and CGLS long time-series land cover data products for China were evaluated via consistency analysis and a confusion matrix system using NLUD-C periodic products as reference data. The results showed that CGLS had the highest overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, and area consistency in the continuous time-series evaluation, followed by MCD, whereas CCI had the worst performance. For the accuracy assessment of subdivided land cover types, the three products could accurately describe the distribution of forest land in China with a high recognition level, but their recognition ability for water body and construction land was poor. Among the other types, CCI could better identify cropland, MCD for grassland, and CGLS for unused land. Based on these evaluation results and characteristics of the data products, we developed suitable selection schemes for users with different requirements.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Many OSCC patients have low response rate to current treatments including immunotherapies largely due to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Chemotherapy could induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cell death such as pyroptosis and necroptosis, which has proved to be capable to alter the immune-suppressive TME and beneficial for better anti-tumor effect. GSDME, a key protein of pyroptosis, is however often silenced in tumors due to abnormal methylation. To overcome these limitations, we utilizied methyltransferase inhibitor (decitabine, DAC) to trigger pyroptosis of tumor cells, combined with chemodrug cisplatin (DDP) and immune checkpoints inhibitors to amplify the immunotherapies outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of tumor suppressive effect of GSDME in OSCC. Our investigation demonstrated that stimulation of GSDME expression could improve the sensitivity of chemotherapeutics, activate inflammatory tumor cell pyroptosis and alter the tumor immune-suppressive microenvironment, providing an important perspective for clinical OSCC treatment.

Altered microarchitecture of collagen type I is a hallmark of wound healing and cancer that is commonly attributed to myofibroblasts. However, it remains unknown which effect collagen microarchitecture has on myofibroblast differentiation. Here, we combined experimental and computational approaches to investigate the hypothesis that the microarchitecture of fibrillar collagen networks mechanically regulates myofibroblast differentiation of adipose stromal cells (ASCs) independent of bulk stiffness. Collagen gels with controlled fiber thickness and pore size were microfabricated by adjusting the gelation temperature while keeping their concentration constant. Rheological characterization and simulation data indicated that networks with thicker fibers and larger pores exhibited increased strain-stiffening relative to networks with thinner fibers and smaller pores. Accordingly, ASCs cultured in scaffolds with thicker fibers were more contractile, expressed myofibroblast markers, and deposited more extended fibronectin fibers. Consistent with elevated myofibroblast differentiation, ASCs in scaffolds with thicker fibers exhibited a more proangiogenic phenotype that promoted endothelial sprouting in a contractility-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that changes of collagen microarchitecture regulate myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis independent of collagen quantity and bulk stiffness by locally modulating cellular mechanosignaling. These findings have implications for regenerative medicine and anticancer treatments.

In user-generated content (UGC) platforms, content generators (i.e., posters) account for only a minority of users. The majority of users lurk, participating in information diffusion only and making no direct contributions to the platforms (i.e., diffusers). In this paper, we study diffusers’ reposting behavior in a UGC platform and compare it with that of posters. We find that diffusers generally behave similarly to posters in reposting. Both groups repost more when seeing more posts and encountering popular posts. Interestingly, their reposting behavior diverges under information redundancy, i.e., when more popular posts are seen in a dense network. Under this condition, diffusers show a much higher propensity to repost, which is (partially) driven by their lesser need for uniqueness (NFU). Overall, this study suggests an exquisite way for platforms to activate their lurking users and it sheds light on their value in generating word-of-mouth and in facilitating information diffusion. It also provides useful guidelines for firms to approach the right type of lurking users (i.e., diffusers in a dense network) by using the right method of stimulation (i.e., offering popular albeit redundant information) during product diffusion online.