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Background Economic abuse is a unique form of intimate partner violence (IPV) and includes behaviors that control a survivor’s ability to acquire, use, and maintain resources. These tactics can result in someone becoming economically dependent on their partner and may limit their ability to leave the relationship and establish independence. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review focused on the impact of economic abuse on survivors of IPV. Methods A total of 14 databases were reviewed, which resulted in 35 peer-reviewed manuscripts for inclusion in the study. Manuscripts were included if they were: written in English, published since the year 2000, focused specifically on the impact of economic abuse perpetrated by an intimate partner, economic abuse was measured as an independent variable, and if economic abuse was looked at separately from other forms of IPV. Both convenience and population-based samples were included in the review. Information was extracted using a data charting form. The data were analyzed using a combination of grouping techniques and constant comparison methods to identify key findings. Results Studies found significant associations between economic abuse and a range of outcomes, such as mental and physical health, financial impacts, parent-child interactions, and quality of life. The most frequently examined were mental health, followed by financial issues. Conclusions Limitations of these studies included a lack of longitudinal research and a focus on heterosexual relationships with male-perpetrated violence toward female survivors. Study findings highlight the wide-ranging potential impacts of economic abuse on survivors and the need for additional research to better understand potential outcomes and implement and evaluate interventions to address them.

Background Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the common malignant tumors, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The circadian rhythm plays a critical role in disease. Circadian disturbances are often found in patients with tumors and enable to promote tumor development and accelerate its progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the core clock gene NPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2) has been implicated in tumors initiation and progression. However, there are few studies on the association between NPAS2 and prostate cancer. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of NPAS2 on cell growth and glucose metabolism in prostate cancer. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, western blot, GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) and CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) databases were used to analyze the expression of NPAS2 in human PCa tissues and various PCa cell lines. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTS, clonogenic assays, apoptotic analyses, and subcutaneous tumor formation experiments in nude mice. Glucose uptake, lactate production, cellular oxygen consumption rate and medium pH were measured to examine the effect of NPAS2 on glucose metabolism. The relation of NPAS2 and glycolytic genes was analyzed based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Results Our data showed that NPAS2 expression in prostate cancer patient tissue was elevated compared with that in normal prostate tissue. NPAS2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in a nude mouse model in vivo. NPAS2 knockdown led to glucose uptake and lactate production diminished, oxygen consumption rate and pH elevated. NPAS2 increased HIF-1A (hypoxia-inducible factor-1A) expression, leading to enhanced glycolytic metabolism. There was a positive correlation with the expression of NPAS2 and glycolytic genes, these genes were upregulated with overexpression of NPAS2 while knockdown of NPAS2 led to a lower level. Conclusion NPAS2 is upregulated in prostate cancer and promotes cell survival by promoting glycolysis and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in PCa cells.

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the predominant malignancy of the oral cavity, is characterized by high incidence and low survival rates. Emerging evidence suggests a link between circadian rhythm disruptions and cancer development. The circadian gene TIMELESS, known for its specific expression in various tumors, has not been extensively studied in the context of OSCC. This study aims to explore the influence of TIMELESS on OSCC, focusing on cell growth and metabolic alterations. Methods We analyzed TIMELESS expression in OSCC using western blot, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The role of TIMELESS in OSCC was examined through clone formation, MTS, cell cycle, and EdU assays, alongside subcutaneous tumor growth experiments in nude mice. We also assessed the metabolic impact of TIMELESS by measuring glucose uptake, lactate production, oxygen consumption, and medium pH, and investigated its effect on key metabolic proteins including silent information regulator 1 ( SIRT1 ), hexokinase 2 ( HK2 ), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 ( PKM2 ), recombinant lactate dehydrogenase A ( LDHA ) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1). Results Elevated TIMELESS expression in OSCC tissues and cell lines was observed, correlating with reduced patient survival. TIMELESS overexpression enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, increased glycolytic activity (glucose uptake and lactate production), and suppressed oxidative phosphorylation (evidenced by reduced oxygen consumption and altered pH levels). Conversely, TIMELESS knockdown inhibited these cellular and metabolic processes, an effect mirrored by manipulating SIRT1 levels. Additionally, SIRT1 was positively associated with TIMELESS expression. The expression of SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA and GLUT1 increased with the overexpression of TIMELESS levels and decreased with the knockdown of TIMELESS . Conclusion TIMELESS exacerbates OSCC progression by modulating cellular proliferation and metabolic pathways, specifically by enhancing glycolysis and reducing oxidative phosphorylation, largely mediated through the SIRT1 pathway. This highlights TIMELESS as a potential target for OSCC therapeutic strategies.

Child maltreatment (CM) and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are both recognized as serious social problems that jeopardize child behavioral health. Even though several studies have investigated the effects of CM and IPV exposure on children, the existing evidence is still inconclusive regarding the complicated nature and consequences of these severe issues. For instance, there is a limited understanding of how the severity, frequency, and co-occurrence of CM and IPV exposure affect children’s behavioral health. Furthermore, existing evidence primarily focuses on broad-band internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems; fewer studies have looked at specific types of behavioral problems. Therefore, this dissertation is divided into three separate papers that specifically address the effects of severity, frequency, and co-occurrence of CM and IPV exposure on children’s anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior. This dissertation targets children in toddlerhood and early childhood (i.e., ages 1–6 years), when these young children are extremely vulnerable to both CM and IPV exposure. The specific aims for the overall study include: (1) exploring how the severity patterns of CM and exposure to physical IPV (PIPV) relate to children’s anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior (Paper 1); (2) examining how the frequency of CM and PIPV exposure contributes to children’s co-development of anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior over time (Paper 2); and (3) investigating whether the co-occurrence of CM and PIPV exposure is associated with worse anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior than either CM or IPV exposure only (Paper 3). Secondary data analysis was conducted using the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II), a national longitudinal study that examines the well-being of children and families who were investigated by Child Protective Services for alleged child abuse and/or neglect. Using latent class analysis, Paper 1 identifies four classes of children with distinct severity patterns of CM and PIPV exposure at baseline. Among these four classes of children, one class had low to moderate probability of experiencing violence, and the other three classes had high probabilities of experiencing at least one type of violence with various severity levels. When comparing class differences in anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior, children in the latter three classes indicated more anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior than those in the first class. Paper 2 employs latent growth curve modeling to examine how the frequency of CM and PIPV exposure affect children’s co-development of anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior over time. Results suggest that higher initial levels of anxious/depressive symptoms were correlated to higher initial levels of aggressive behavior, and the rates of change of both outcomes were positively correlated. CM was associated with worse anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior at all three time points, and IPV exposure was associated with worse outcomes at two time points. Paper 3 investigates the effects of the co-occurrence of CM and PIPV exposure on anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior. Regression results indicate that the co-occurrence was associated with worse anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior when compared to CM only and/or PIPV exposure only. Further specification analyses show that children who experienced co-occurring neglect and PIPV exposure reported worse anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior than children who were only exposed to PIPV.Overall, the findings of this dissertation inform both research and practice. Future research should continue investigating how nuanced characteristics of CM and IPV exposure may independently affect the behavioral health of young children. Studies should also explore age differences in the relationship between CM and IPV exposure and child behavioral outcomes. A longitudinal research design can advance future research by allowing the exploration of mechanisms and moderators that may explain some children’s resilience against CM and IPV exposure. Child welfare practice protocol should integrate ongoing and effective IPV training so that child welfare workers are more prepared to serve children and families that experience co-occurring CM and IPV. Clinicians should develop a thorough diagram about clients’ experiences of violence at an early age utilizing a comprehensive assessment. Trauma-informed practice would be an important tool for clinicians to better understand clients’ current problems considering the impacts of early trauma.

A great body of literature has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to individuals’ psychological functioning and mental health. However, the majority of ACE studies focus on psychological dysfunction and less is known about how ACEs are associated with other positive psychological outcomes, including resilience. The current study assessed the relationship between ACEs and resilience, using a sample of college students in China. We hypothesized that college students who had ACEs would have lower levels of resilience. Data came from 1,871 college students from twelve colleges in China through an anonymous online survey between late September and early October 2020. Linear regression analyses were conducted. Aligned with our hypotheses, ACEs had a negative association with individuals’ resilience. Despite several limitations, this study found a negative association between ACEs and college students’ resilience. Preventive services and interventions are in need to protect individuals from ACEs.

Hispanic children constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States of America, and yet few studies examine the relationship between mindfulness and Hispanic children’s quality of life. This 2018 study seeks to gain insight into how mindfulness is associated with Hispanic children’s quality of life. We surveyed 96 children in 5th- and 6th-grade classes in three Northern New Jersey elementary schools in 2018. Structure Equation Modeling was used to examine the associations between mindfulness, executive function, social-emotional skills, and quality of life. The results indicate that mindfulness is significantly and directly associated with executive function (β = 0.53), and that executive function is positively associated with social-emotional skills (β = 0.54) and quality of life (β = 0.51) of the sampled Hispanic children. The total effects on quality of life are significant for mindfulness (β = 0.33), executive function (β = 0.62), and social-emotional skills (β = 0.20). The findings shed light upon factors that can affect Hispanic children’s quality of life and call for interventions related to these factors in order to improve their well-being.

In China, rural children, compared to their urban counterparts, are disadvantaged by less parental care and limited access to educational resources. This can have dire consequences for their health-related well-being during a vulnerable and formative stage of the life course. Quality of life (QOL) has been increasingly used as an indicator of individuals’ well-being. QOL studies have primarily been conducted in Western contexts, but there is relatively less knowledge on QOL in the Chinese context, particularly for rural left-behind children (LBC). This study analyzed the effects of a socially innovative product – intelligent robots by the Li Ensan Charity Foundation – on the health-related well-being of rural LBC in China. Children who used the robots and reported higher satisfaction with the use experienced positive effects on QOL than their counterparts.. We discussed the implications of these results in the context of micro- and macro-level practice.

In this article, we introduce Tsinghua Global Minimum （TGMin） as a new program for the global minimum searching of geometric structures of gas-phase or surface-supported atomic clusters, and the constrained basin-hopping （BH） algorithm implemented in this program. To improve the efficiency of the BH algorithm, several types of constraints are introduced to reduce the vast search space, including constraints on the random displacement step size, displacement of low-coordination atoms, and geometrical structure adjustment after displacement. The ultrafast shape-recognition （USR） algorithm and its variants are implemented to identify duplicate structures during the global minimum search. In addition to the Metropolis acceptance criterion, we also implemented a morphology-based constraint that confines the global minimum search to a specific type of morphology, such as planar or non-planar structures, which offers a strict divide-and-conquer strategy for the BH algorithm. These improvements are implemented in the TGMin program, which was developed over the past decade and has been used in a number of publications. We tested our TGMin program on global minimum structural searches for a number of metal and main-group clusters including C60, Au20 and B20 clusters. Over the past five years, the TGMin program has been used to determine the global minimum structures of a series of boron atomic clusters （such as [B26]^-, [B28]^-, [B30]^-, [B35]^-, [B36]^-, [B39]^-, [B40]^-, [MnB16]^-, [COB18]^-, [RhB18]^-, and [TaB20]^-）, metal-containing clusters Lin （n = 3-20）, Aug（CO）8^＋ and [Cr6O19]^2-. and the oxide-supported metal catalyst Au7/γ-Al2O3, as well as other isolated and surface-supported atomic clusters. In this article we present the major features of TGMin program and show that it is highly efficient at searching for global-minimum structures of atomic clusters in the gas phase and on various surface supports.

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant of the oral cavity, with a high prevalence and a poor survival rate. There have been studies that indicate circadian disruption has been related to many biological processes within the body and contributes to different diseases, including cancer. Circadian gene TIMELESS is strongly expression-specific in various tumors, but there are very few studies on TIMELESS and OSCC in the literature. The goal of this research is to inquire the impact of TIMELESS on cell growth and glucose metabolism in OSCC.MethodsExpression of TIMELESS in OSCC cell lines and tissues was analyzed by western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) databases. To evaluate the role of TIMELESS in OSCC, the clone formation experiment, MTS assay, cell cycle assay, EdU experiment and subcutaneous tumor formation experiment in nude mice were employed to detect the cell proliferation. Changes in glucose metabolism phenotype were evaluated by glucose uptake, lactate production, oxygen consumption and medium pH to determine if the phenotypes were linked to TIMELESS, the effect of TIMELESS on SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA was also examined.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the obvious elevation of TIMELESS in OSCC tissues and cell lines, high expression of TIMELESS was conferred shorter overall survival of patients. TIMELESS overexpression promoted OSCC cells proliferation, increased glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased oxygen consumption rate and pH. Whereas the knockdown of TIMELESS remarkably inhibited OSCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, increased oxygen consumption rate and pH, while overexpression of SIRT1 showed a reversed trend. Correlation analysis demonstrated that expression of SIRT1 was positively associated with TIMELESS expression, and the expression of SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA could change with the variation of TIMELESS in OSCC cells.ConclusionTIMELESS promotes OSCC cell growth by promoting glycolysis and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation through SIRT1.