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As an important strategic direction of China’s 14th Five-Year Plan, strengthening demand-side management aims to build an effective system to boost domestic demand, establish a complete demand system, and develop a robust domestic market, thereby promoting the realization of the growth goals by 2035 and the second centenary goal by the mid-21st century. Different from traditional aggregate demand management, demand-side management introduces a host of new attributes pertaining to its regulatory scope, regulatory goal, regulatory strategy, regulatory target, and regulatory instrument. Demand-side management does not seek to replace aggregate demand management; rather, both assume pivotal roles in macro-control and their coordination are of utmost importance. In real scenarios, demand-side management should synergize with supply-side structural reform, which is helpful to foster a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. To effectively implement demand-side management, it is imperative not to replicate the approach used in aggregate demand management. Only by further innovating and improving the macro-control system with Chinese characteristics and coordinating the stability policy, growth policy and structural policy can the demand-side management be truly implemented under the new framework of “Macro-policy Trinity.”

An orientation controllable radar cross section (RCS) enhancement surface is presented in this paper, which can be used to improve the road pile detectability of on-board microwave radar for autonomous driving system. In addition, the RCS enhancement orientation can be controlled in a specified direction without interfering with other microwave systems. We first designed a modified one-dimensional VanAtta array with adjustable phase for retrodirective backtracking the incoming electromagnetic waves, which can achieve wide-angle RCS enhancement. Then, we arranged the one-dimensional VanAtta array in another dimension forming a two-dimensional array, enabling adjustable orientation RCS enhancement due to the controllable phase of the reflected electromagnetic waves. We designed, manufactured, and tested a 4 × 8 array to validate the theory and assess the design’s feasibility. Finally, six orientation controllable VanAtta arrays were mounted on the outside surface of a cylinder road barrier, and measurements demonstrated that RCS enhancement of over 10 dB have been achieved compared to the same pile with perfect electric conductor surface.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant contributor to female mortality globally, with inflammation and the immune system implicated in its pathogenesis. To elucidate potential causal relationships, we evaluated the relationship among 731 immune cell phenotypes and BC be at risk by using Mendelian randomization (MR), while also exploring inflammatory proteins as mediators in this association. We obtained immune cell genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data and 91 inflammatory factors from the GWAS Catalog. BC GWAS data was obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project (ukb-b-16890 for discovery and GCST004988 for validation). We investigated the causal link between immune cells and BC risk by employing a two-sample MR method. Furthermore, we use a two-step MR to quantify the percentage of mediation of immune cell-BC causal effects mediated by inflammatory proteins. To make sure the causal findings were robust, a sensitivity analysis was done. In both discovery and validation GWAS, a critical inverse correlation between CD4+ T cells and BC risk was found using MR analysis (Discovery: OR, 0.996; P = 0.030. Validation: OR, 0.843; P = 4.09E-07) with Caspase 8 levels mediating 18.9% of the reduced BC risk associated with immune cells(Mediation proportion=a×b/c, Discovery:0.151×-0.005/-0.004 = 18.9%; Validation:0.151×-0.214/-0.171 = 18.9%). Our study establishes a causal connection linking CD4+ T cells and BC, with Caspase 8 levels partially mediating this relationship. These findings enhance our genetic and molecular comprehension of BC, suggesting potential pathways for future BC immunotherapy drug development.

Periodontitis, recognized as the second most prevalent oral disease globally, is strongly linked to systemic disorders like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the critical need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Oxidative stress plays an important role in periodontitis pathogenesis and progression, yet their specific association remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association between oxidative stress and periodontitis pathogenesis while identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this condition. Transcriptomic data from gingival tissues of periodontitis patients and controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Key genes linked to oxidative stress in periodontitis were identified through a comprehensive analytical approach, including differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG). Machine learning algorithms were subsequently employed to refine the selection of key genes. The relationship between oxidative stress and the expression of these key genes was validated using external datasets and a periodontitis rat model. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were interrogated to delineate the cellular subpopulations expressing the key genes, leveraging clustering and annotation approaches. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified COL4A2, CYR61, and CXCL6 as key genes associated with oxidative stress in periodontitis. Among these genes, COL4A2 and CXCL6 showed elevated expression levels in the gingival tissues of periodontitis rats. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further demonstrated that COL4A2 exhibited predominant expression within endothelial and stromal cell clusters, whereas CXCL6 was predominantly localized to epithelial cell clusters. This study demonstrates a correlation between oxidative stress and the progression of periodontitis. COL4A2 and CXCL6 were identified as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of periodontitis.

Anatomy-based guidelines for shoulder surgery have established the routine preoperative evaluation of the humeral head. Despite recognized sex differences in humeral head size, there has been limited investigation into sex-specific variations in acromiohumeral contact surface (AHCS) arc length. This study aims to assess sex differences in the AHCS arc length within a sample of the Chinese population. We retrospectively analyzed 169 normal shoulder CT images from a single medical center, collected between 2011 and 2021. The AHCS arc length was defined as the distance from the superior glenoid tubercle to the lateral edge of the greater tuberosity, measured using a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm. Physiological reference values for the AHCS arc length were determined at three abduction angle intervals. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between the AHCS arc length and abduction angle in both sexes. The reference values for AHCS arc length were significantly lower in women across three abduction angle intervals (male 48.07 ± 3.37 mm vs. female 43.54 ± 2.54 mm, (0–10] °, p < 0.001; male 45.07 ± 2.34 mm vs. female 40.78 ± 2.06 mm, (10–20] °, p < 0.001; male 42.08 ± 2.03 mm vs. female 38.09 ± 2.44 mm, > 20 °, p = 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the AHCS arc length was linearly and negatively correlated with the abduction angle (male R2 = 0.436, p < 0.001; female R2 = 0.434, p < 0.001, respectively). The present study identified a significant sex difference in the anatomical AHCS arc length in a sample of the normal Chinese population. Preoperative assessment of the AHCS arc length may be necessary for certain shoulder surgeries in the future.

Laser welding has been widely used in various industry fields. In order to further alter and broaden its applicability, a novel technology of laser welding under vacuum is introduced. The combination of high power laser and low ambient pressure provides an excellent welding performance and quality. In this paper, an overview on laser welding under vacuum is presented. It begins with a short introduction about the research status of laser welding under vacuum. Next, the equipment of laser welding under vacuum is introduced. Then, the fundamental phenomena of laser welding under vacuum, including penetration depth, weld geometry, plasma plume, molten pool and keyhole behaviors, are summarized in detail. Finally, the applications and prospects of laser welding under vacuum are proposed.

In this study, we aim to investigate the role of miR-30a-5p in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) using LPS-induced A549 cells and mice. We found cell viability was significantly declined accompanied by cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in LPS-treated A549 cells. MiR-30a-5p was down-regulated by LPS treatment and miR-30a-5p significantly protected A549 cells from LPS-induced injury by increasing cell viability, reducing cell apoptosis, promoting cell cycle progression, and inhibiting inflammatory reactions. Dual-luciferase activity demonstrated that RUNX2 was a direct target for miR-30a-5p and its expression was negatively and directly regulated by miR-30a-5p. Over-expression of RUNX2 weakened the inhibitory effect of miR-30a-5p on inflammatory injury. In vivo, over-expression of miR-30a-5p alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and lung injury in LPS-administrated mice. Besides, miR-30a-5p repressed LPS-elevated phosphorylation levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), IκBα degradation, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, miR-30a-5p ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells and mice via targeting RUNX2 and related signaling pathways, thereby influencing the progression of ARDS.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism whereby the interactions between the endogenous proteins, lipids and starches present in foxtail millet affected the in vitro hydrolysis of starch. Prior proteolysis of the protein matrix significantly increased the enzymatic hydrolysis of foxtail millet starch, suggesting that it is possible that non-surface proteins (i.e. the protein matrix) can retard the rate of starch degradation by acting as a physical barrier between starch and amylase. Furthermore, confocal microscopy demonstrated that the proteins in foxtail millet bind competitively with starch to α-amylase, partially decreasing the activity of α-amylase. In addition, as a result of complexing with the fatty acids, foxtail millet starch had a significantly reduced hydrolysis rate. Therefore, we conclude that the interactions between endogenous proteins and lipids with starch plays a significant role in the hypoglycemic properties of foxtail millet.

Background Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. Despite significant advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic approaches, some patients still have poor response rates, making a deeper understanding of melanoma pathogenesis essential. Methods The expression of Claspin (CLSPN), prognosis and immune infiltration in skin cutaneous melanoma patients were analyzed by public databases. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot, cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, animal experiments, and RNA-seq were applied to explore its biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of CLSPN in melanoma. Results Our results demonstrated that abnormal CLSPN expression was correlated with poor prognosis in melanoma. Meanwhile, CLSPN may promote melanoma growth and progression in vivo and in vitro through IFI44L/JAK/STAT1 signaling. Additionally, CLSPN was associated with negative immune microenvironment in melanoma and may be related to polarization of tumor associated macrophages towards M2-type. Conclusions These findings suggest that CLSPN may be a promising new target for melanoma and accelerate personalized therapeutic strategies. Graphical abstract