Explore the vast range of titles available.

N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) represents the most prevalent internal and reversible modification on RNAs. Different cell types display their unique m 6 A profiles, which are determined by the functions of m 6 A writers and erasers. M 6 A modifications lead to different outcomes such as decay, stabilization, or transport of the RNAs. The m 6 A-encoded epigenetic information is interpreted by m 6 A readers and their interacting proteins. M 6 A readers are essential for different biological processes, and the defects in m 6 A readers have been discovered in diverse diseases. Here, we review the latest advances in the roles of m 6 A readers in development and diseases. These recent studies not only highlight the importance of m 6 A readers in regulating cell fate transitions, but also point to the potential application of drugs targeting m 6 A readers in diseases.

Background The lateral femoral wall is an important anatomical parameter of the proximal femur, but intramedullary nail fixation for intertrochanteric fractures may cause iatrogenic lateral wall fractures due to population-based design differences. This study aims to measure the anatomical parameters of the proximal femoral medullary cavity and provide data to help design intramedullary nails tailored to the Chinese population to reduce the risk of complications such as lateral wall fractures. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing full-length or upper half CT scans of the femur were included from January 2010 to December 2021. The anatomical parameters of medullary cavity were defined and measured, including prominence length, canal-shaft angle and proximal minimum diameter. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate the inter- and intra-observer agreements. Results A total of 168 patients, comprising 78 men and 90 women, were included. The mean prominence length was 67.4 ± 4.9 mm (males: 70.8 ± 3.6 mm, females: 64.4 ± 3.9 mm). The mean canal-shaft angle was 5.5° ± 0.7° (males: 5.6 ± 0.8°, females: 5.5 ± 0.7°). The mean proximal minimum diameter was 22.7 ± 1.8 mm (males: 24.0 ± 1.5 mm, females: 21.6 ± 1.4 mm) at the level of 1/3 prominence length from bottom to top. Gender differences were observed in these parameters ( p  < 0.001) except for the canal-shaft angle ( p  = 0.45). The mean proximal minimum diameter was significantly larger in the group aged 50 years and older (23.1 ± 1.7 mm) compared to the group younger than 50 years (22.4 ± 1.9 mm) ( p  = 0.02). Inter- and intra-observer agreement was almost perfect for all the parameters (all ICC values > 0.8). Conclusions Males have a longer prominence length and larger proximal minimum diameter than females. The proximal minimum diameter is larger in the older population than in the younger population. The measurement results help support the design of intramedullary nails tailored to the Chinese population. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

There are many factors affecting the assembly quality of rotate vector reducer, and the assembly quality is unstable. Matching is an assembly method that can obtain high-precision products or avoid a large number of secondary rejects. Selecting suitable parts to assemble together can improve the transmission accuracy of the reducer. In the actual assembly of the reducer, the success rate of one-time selection of parts is low, and “trial and error assembly” will lead to a waste of labor, time cost, and errors accumulation. In view of this situation, a dendritic neural network prediction model based on mass production and practical engineering applications has been established. The size parameters of the parts that affected transmission error of the reducer were selected as influencing factors for input. The key performance index of reducer was transmission error as output index. After data standardization preprocessing, a quality prediction model was established to predict the transmission error. The experimental results show that the dendritic neural network model can realize the regression prediction of reducer mass and has good prediction accuracy and generalization capability. The proposed method can provide help for the selection of parts in the assembly process of the RV reducer.

Background Condyle-fossa relationships in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion remain unclear. Therefore, this study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the position and morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods In this cross-sectional retrospective study, CBCT images from 90 adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion and 30 controls were analysed. Adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion were divided into different groups based on (1) sex (male and female), (2) sides (right and left), (3) age (early, middle, and late adolescence), and (4) vertical skeletal patterns (hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent). Morphology of the condyle and fossa as well as condylar position, was compared among groups. Data were collected and submitted for statistical analysis. This study adheres to STROBE guidelines. Results Regarding the intergroup comparisons, there were significant differences in TMJ position and morphology between the skeletal Class III malocclusion with different vertical skeletal patterns and control groups ( P  < 0.05). Within groups, condyle-fossa relationships differed significantly according to sex, age, and vertical skeletal patterns ( P  < 0.05); however, the mean values were not statistically different between left and right sides in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Conclusions Our findings can be used clinically and radiographically to evaluate the condyle and glenoid fossa features in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion, providing a basis for better TMD diagnosis and orthodontic treatment.

Background During the transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, drilling depth excessively longer than the tibial tunnel length (TTL) is an important reason to cause popliteal neurovascular bundle injury when preparing the tibial tunnel. This study aims to develop an in-vitro three-dimensional surgical simulation technique to determine the TTL in anteromedial (AM) and anterolateral (AL) approaches. Methods A total of 63 knees’ 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography models were included in this study. The SuperImage system was used to reconstruct the 3D knee model and locate the tibial PCL site. The established 3D knee model and the coordinates of the tibial PCL site were imported into Rhinoceros 3D modeling software to simulate AM and AL tibial tunnel approaches with different tibial tunnel angles (TTA). The TTL and the tibial tunnel height (TTH) were measured in this study. Results In AM and AL tibial tunnel approaches, the TTL showed a strong correlation with the TTA (for AM: r = 0.758, p < 0.001; for AL: r = 0.727, p < 0.001). The best fit equation to calculate the TTL based on the TTA was Y  = 1.04 X  + 14.96 for males in AM approach, Y  = 0.93 X  + 17.76 for males in AL approach, Y  = 0.92 X  + 14.4 for females in AM approach, and Y  = 0.94 X  + 10.5 for females in AL approach. Conclusion Marking the TTL on the guide pin or reamer could help to avoid the drill bit over-penetrated into the popliteal space to damage the neurovascular structure.

The CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) plays a crucial role in the amelioration of climate change. Many physiological and environmental factors, such as stand age, stand type, and site conditions, may affect the extent of the CFE. However, the relationship between the CFE and these factors remains elusive. In this study, we used the emerging gross primary production (GPP) remote sensing products, with GPP predicted using eddy covariance–light use efficiency models (EC-LUE GPP) based on satellite near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv GPP) and assessed with a random forest model to explore the CFE trends with stand age in a coniferous forest and a broad-leaved forest in Heilongjiang Province, China. We additionally compared the differences among the CFEs under different site conditions. The CFEs in coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests both showed a rapid increase in stands of 10 to 20 years of age, followed by a decline after reaching a maximum, with the rate of decline reducing with age. Eventually, CFE remained stable in stands near 100 years of age. However, the CFE in coniferous forests exhibited more extended periods of rapid increase and a higher maximum than in broad-leaved forests. Moreover, in this study, we used the site class index (SCI) to grade site conditions. The results demonstrate that the CFE differed significantly under different levels of site conditions, and these differences gradually decreased with age. The site with the highest SCI had fewer environmental restrictions on the CFE, and consequently, the CFE rate of decline was faster. Our results are of significance in understanding the CFE and adapting to future changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Background Intertrochanteric femoral fractures are prevalent among the elderly, and usually demands surgical treatments. Proximal femoral nail antirotation Asian version (PFNA-II) is widely used for intertrochanteric fracture treatment. The computer-assisted preoperative planning (CAPP) system has the potential to reduce the difficulty of PFNA-II in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the learning curves of PFNA-II treatment with CAPP and conventional preoperational planning methods for intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Methods A total of 125 patients with intertrochanteric fracture who were treated with PFNA-II between March 2012 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who underwent surgery with CAPP procedure by a junior surgeon were regarded as group A ( n  = 53); patients who underwent the conventional surgery by another junior surgeon were regarded as group B ( n  = 72). Each group was divided into three subgroups (case 1–20, case 21–40, case 41–53 or case 41–72). Results The average operation time of group A was 45.00(42.00, 50.00) minutes, and in group B was 55.00 (50.00, 60.00) minutes ( P  < 0.01). Average radiation frequency and blood loss were 13.02 ± 2.32, 160.00 (140.00, 170.00) ml and 20.92 ± 3.27, 250.00 (195.00, 279.50) ml, respectively, with significant differences ( P  < 0.01). The learning curve of the surgical procedure in group A was steeper than that in group B. There were no significant differences in patient reported outcomes, hospital stay and complication rate between the two groups. Significant differences were observed between group A and B in Harris score at last follow-up in the AO/OTA type 31-A2 intertrochanteric fracture ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional preoperative planning methods, CAPP system significantly reduced operation time, radiation frequency and blood loss, thus reshaped the learning curve of PFNA-II treatment with lower learning difficulty. Trial registration researchregistry4770 . Registered 25 March 2019.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by the loss of cardiomyocytes, which impairs cardiac function and eventually leads to heart failure. The induction of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity provides a new treatment strategy for the repair of heart damage. Our previous study demonstrated that morroniside exerts cardioprotective effects. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of morroniside on cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and cardiac repair following AMI. Methods: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were isolated and exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro . A rat model of AMI was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in vivo . Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect newly generated cardiomyocytes. Western blotting was performed to assess the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Electrocardiography (ECG) was used to examine pathological Q waves. Masson’s trichrome and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining assessed myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. Results: The results showed that morroniside induced cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and increased the levels of cell cycle proteins, including cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1, both in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, morroniside reduced myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. Discussion: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that morroniside stimulates cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and cardiac repair in adult rats, and that these effects may be related to the upregulation of cell cycle proteins.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the predominant subtype of pancreatic cancer, ranks among the deadliest malignancies worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate remaining below 13 %. Its poor prognosis stems from complex anatomical barriers, a dense and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME), and intricate molecular regulatory networks that collectively hinder early detection and limit therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicine offers promising solutions by enhancing drug loading, improving delivery, counteracting drug resistance, and enabling stimuli-responsive control. Notably, stimuli-responsive nanotherapeutics have emerged as a transformative strategy, achieving precise drug release through activation by endogenous TME cues (e.g., acidic pH, redox gradients, hypoxia, enzyme overexpression) or exogenous triggers (e.g., ultrasound, light, magnetic fields). Endogenous-responsive systems autonomously activate at tumor sites, enhancing intratumoral drug accumulation and reducing off-target effects, while exogenous-responsive platforms enable spatiotemporal control through external modulation. Multi-responsive systems integrate both mechanisms to achieve dynamic and synergistic therapeutic effects, holding significant promise for PDAC theranostics. This review summarizes recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanotherapeutics for PDAC, detailing their activation mechanisms, biomedical applications, and theranostic potential across endogenous, exogenous, and multi-responsive modalities. It further discusses current challenges and future directions for translating these technologies into clinical practice. [Display omitted] Responsive nanotherapeutic strategies, by virtue of their precise responsiveness to various response sources, demonstrate unique advantages in pancreatic cancer treatment and have attracted extensive attention. This review systematically expounds the core mechanisms by which the strategy achieves stepwise overcoming of the complex anatomical barriers, tumor microenvironment, and molecular network in pancreatic cancer, as well as the synergistic enhancement of traditional and emerging strategies in pancreatic cancer treatment through independent or multiple responses. Finally, it explores the future directions for realizing personalized treatment of pancreatic cancer based on innovative responsive nanotechnology. •Summarize the unique advantages of nanomedicine in PDAC’s anatomy, tumor microenvironment and molecular network.•Introduce the multiple precision treatment strategies of responsive nanotherapy for PDAC.•Outlines the prospect of treating PDAC by integrating responsive nanotherapeutics with emerging therapeutic strategies.