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The Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs Pollen Typhae and Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus have been used as a hemostatic medicine promoting blood clotting for thousands of years. In this study, a reliable, highly sensitive method based on LC-MS/MS has been developed for differentiation of the heating products of total flavonoids in Pollen Typhae (FPT-N). Twenty three peaks were detected and 18 peaks have been structurally identified by comparing retention times, high resolution mass spectrometry data, and fragment ions with those of the reference substances and/or literature data. Additionally, 15 compounds have been quantified by multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ionization mode. It was found that the contents of the characterized compounds differed greatly from each other in FPT-N samples. Among them, the content of huaicarbon B significantly increased at first, while it decreased after heating for 25 min, which could be considered as the characteristic component for distinguishing FPT-N. The present study provided an approach to rapidly distinguish the differences of FPT-N samples. In addition, the actively summarized characteristic fragmentation might help deducing the structure of unknown flavonols compounds. Furthermore, transformation rules of flavonoids during the heating process in carbonisatus development could contribute to hemostatic therapeutic component exploration.

With the rapid development of Chinese transportation networks, such as the Sichuan-Tibet railway, numerous tunnels are under construction or planned in mountainous regions. Some of these tunnels must traverse or be situated near active fault zones, which could suffer damage from fault slip. In this study, the seismic response of a mountain tunnel subjected to coseismic faulting was analyzed using a fault-structure system in a two-step process. Firstly, a nonuniform slip model was proposed to calculate the ground deformations and internal displacements induced by a specific active fault on a geological scale, considering nonuniform slips on the fault plane. The 1989 Loma Prieta and 2022 Menyuan earthquakes were chosen as case studies to validate the proposed slip model. Secondly, the calculated displacement of the Menyuan earthquake was used as the input load for the discrete–continuous coupling analysis of the Daliang tunnel on an engineering scale. The simulated deformation of the Daliang tunnel aligned with the on-site damage observations following the Menyuan earthquake. Lastly, the effects of different fault conditions on the tunnel seismic response were investigated. The results indicate that the distribution of the peak longitudinal strain of the lining is governed by fault mechanisms, and the degree of fault slip significantly influences the response of the tunnel. A tunnel passing through an active fault with a wider fault fracture zone and smaller dip angle experience less damage.

Damping is an important factor contributing to errors in the measurement of rotational inertia using the torsion pendulum method. Identifying the system damping allows for minimizing the measurement errors of rotational inertia, and accurate continuous sampling of torsional vibration angular displacement is the key to realizing system damping identification. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method for measuring the rotational inertia of rigid bodies based on monocular vision and the torsion pendulum method. In this study, a mathematical model of torsional oscillation under a linear damping condition is established, and an analytical relationship between the damping coefficient, torsional period, and measured rotational inertia is obtained. A high-speed industrial camera is used to continuously photograph the markers on a torsion vibration motion test bench. After several data processing steps, including image preprocessing, edge detection, and feature extraction, with the aid of a geometric model of the imaging system, the angular displacement of each frame of the image corresponding to the torsion vibration motion is calculated. From the characteristic points on the angular displacement curve, the period and amplitude modulation parameters of the torsion vibration motion can be obtained, and finally the rotational inertia of the load can be derived. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method and system described in this paper can achieve accurate measurements of the rotational inertia of objects. Within the range of 0–100 × 10−3 kg·m2, the standard deviation of the measurements is better than 0.90 × 10−4 kg·m2, and the absolute value of the measurement error is less than 2.00 × 10−4 kg·m2. Compared to conventional torsion pendulum methods, the proposed method effectively identifies damping using machine vision, thereby significantly reducing measurement errors caused by damping. The system has a simple structure, low cost, and promising prospects for practical applications.

Several immunotherapy clinical trials in recurrent glioblastoma have reported long-term survival benefits in 10–20% of patients. Here we perform genomic analysis of tumor tissue from recurrent WHO grade IV glioblastoma patients acquired prior to immunotherapy intervention. We report that very low tumor mutation burden is associated with longer survival after recombinant polio virotherapy or after immune checkpoint blockade in recurrent glioblastoma patients. A relationship between tumor mutation burden and survival is not observed in cohorts of immunotherapy naïve newly diagnosed or recurrent glioblastoma patients. Transcriptomic analyses reveal an inverse relationship between tumor mutation burden and enrichment of inflammatory gene signatures in cohorts of recurrent, but not newly diagnosed glioblastoma tumors, implying that a relationship between tumor mutation burden and tumor-intrinsic inflammation evolves upon recurrence. Recurrent glioblastomas (rGBM) have dismal outcomes, but long-term survival has been observed in subsets of patients after immunotherapy. Here the authors report a positive association between low tumor mutation burden, inflammatory gene signatures, and survival after immunotherapy in rGBM patients.

Bronchogenic cysts originate from abnormal foregut budding during embryogenesis. Two pathogenic mechanisms exist: (1) ectopic migration of tracheobronchial precursors forming cysts in extrapulmonary sites, and (2) retained bronchial buds developing pulmonary cysts through mucus accumulation. Despite anatomical variations, all cysts retain respiratory epithelium with mucinous glands, pathognomonically reflecting their embryological origin. Herein, we report an unusual case of bronchogenic cyst in the posterior wall of the gastric fundus with elevated CEA and CA199 in cystic fluid. CT showed that a kind of circular soft tissue density shadow was visible under the submucosa of the stomach floor, with a size of about 3.9 × 3.7 cm, uniform density, and clear boundary. Pathology after surgical resection of the gastric tumor: the cystic wall‐like tissue was locally lined with ciliated columnar epithelium, the mucosa showed chronic inflammation, and foreign body giant cell reaction, calcification, and ossification were observed in the submucosa. The patient was diagnosed as having a bronchogenic cyst in the posterior wall of the gastric fundus and was followed up for 12 months after the operation, with no obvious discomfort. Bronchogenic cyst in gastric fundus.

WO3 films are the most widely used electrochromic functional layers. It is known that WO3 films prepared by pure chemical method generally possess novel nanostructures, but the adhesion between WO3 films and substrates is weak. However, WO3 films prepared by pure physical method usually show relatively dense morphology, which limits their electrochromic properties. In order to break through these bottlenecks and further improve their electrochromic properties, this work first prepared nanostructured WO3 powder by chemical method, and then using this powder as the evaporation source, nanostructured WO3 films were fabricated by vacuum thermal evaporation method. Properties of nanostructured WO3 films were systematically compared with those of ordinary WO3 films. It turned out that the nanostructured WO3 film exhibited better cyclic stability and memory effect, and also the optical modulation rate was 14% higher than that of the ordinary WO3 film. More importantly, the nanostructured WO3 film showed better adhesion with the ITO substrates. These results demonstrate that a combination of chemical and physical methods is an effective preparation method to improve the electrochromic properties of WO3 films.

Based on first-principles calculations, we propose one new category of two-dimensional topological insulators (2D TIs) in chemically functionalized (-CH3 and -OH) arsenene films. The results show that the surface decorated arsenene (AsCH3 and AsOH) films are intrinsic 2D TIs with sizeable bulk gap. The bulk energy gaps are 0.184 eV, and 0.304 eV in AsCH3 and AsOH films, respectively. Such large bulk gaps make them suitable to realize quantum spin Hall effect in an experimentally accessible temperature regime. Topologically helical edge states in these systems are desirable for dissipationless transport. Moreover, we find that the topological properties in these systems are robust against mechanical deformation by exerting biaxial strain. These novel 2D TIs with large bulk gaps are potential candidate in future electronic devices with ultralow dissipation.

Neuropathic pain is a common cause of chronic pain and often accompanied by negative emotions, making it complex and difficult to treat. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain unclear. Here, we present a novel pathway with comorbid chronic pain and anxiety. Using chemogenetic methods, we found that activation of glutamatergic projections from the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACCGlu) to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) induced both hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors in sham mice. Inhibition of the rACCGlu -vlPAG circuit reduced anxiety-like behaviors and hyperalgesia in spared nerve injury (SNI) mice. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) could effectively alleviate hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors in SNI mice, and the related mechanisms were investigated. We found that chemogenetic activation of the rACCGlu-vlPAG circuit effectively blocked the analgesic effect of EA in SNI mice but did not affect the anxiolytic effect of EA. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel circuit mechanism in which the rACCGlu-vlPAG circuit plays an important role in SNI-induced hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. And this neural circuit is involved in the analgesic but not anxiolytic effects of EA.

Anxiety is a common comorbidity associated with chronic pain, which results in chronic pain complexification and difficulty in treatment. Electroacupuncture (EA) is commonly used to treat chronic pain and anxiety. However, the underlying mechanisms of the EA effect are largely unknown. Here, we showed that a circuitry underlying chronic pain induces anxiety disorders, and EA can treat them by regulating such circuitry. Using chemogenetic methods, we found that chemogenetic activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) glutamatergic output to the thalamus induced anxiety disorders in control rats. Then, chemogenetic inhibition of the rACC-thalamus circuitry reduced anxiety-like behavior produced by intraplantar injection of the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). In this study, we examined the effects of EA on a rat model of CFA-mediated anxiety-like behaviors and the related mechanisms. We found that chemogenetic activation of the rACC-thalamus circuitry effectively blocked the effects of EA on chronic pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors in CFA rats. These results demonstrate an underlying rACC-thalamus glutamatergic circuitry that regulates CFA-mediated anxiety-like behaviors. This study also provides a potential mechanistic explanation for EA treatment of anxiety caused by chronic pain.

High temperature is the most important environmental factor limiting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield. The tuber yield has been used to evaluate the heat tolerance of some potato cultivars, but potato yield was closely correlated with the maturation period. Therefore, it is necessary to employ different parameters to comprehensively analyze and evaluate potato tolerance to heat stress. This study aimed to investigate physiologic changes during growth and development, and develop accurate heat tolerance evaluation methods of potato cultivars under heat stress. About 93 cultivars (including foreign elite lines, local landraces and cultivars) were screened using an in vitro tuber-inducing system (continuous darkness and 8% sucrose in the culture medium) under heat stress (30 °C) and normal (22 °C) conditions for 30 days. The tuber yield and number decreased significantly under heat stress compared to the control. A total of 42 cultivars were initially selected depending on tuber formation, after in vitro screening, further testing of selected cultivars was conducted in ex vitro conditions. The screened cultivars were further exposed to heat stress (35 °C/28 °C, day/night) for 60 days. Heat stress led to an increase in the plant height growth rate, fourth internode growth rate, and membrane damage, and due to heat-induced damage to chloroplasts, decrease in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic efficiency. Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis. Correlation and regression analysis showed that heat tolerance is positively correlated with the plant height growth rate, fourth internode growth rate, the content of chlorophyll b, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, tuber number, and tuber yield, and negatively correlated with the cell membrane injury level. The nine traits are accurate and representative indicators for evaluating potato tolerance to heat stress and could determine a relatively high mean forecast accuracy of 100.0% for the comprehensive evaluation value. Through cluster analysis and screening, cultivar FA, D73, and C132 had the highest heat comprehensive evaluation value, which could be further selected as heat-resistant varieties. This study provides insights into the different physiological mechanisms and accurate evaluation methods of potato cultivars under heat stress, which could be valuable for further research and breeding.