Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background The potential effects of pre-pregnancy body mass (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. Thus, we investigated socio-demographic characteristics that affect pre-pregnancy BMIs and GWG and the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on Chinese maternal and infant complications. Methods 3172 women were enrolled in the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study-Peking Union Medical College from July 25, 2017 to July 24, 2018, whose babies were delivered before December 31, 2018. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics affecting pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG values and their effects on adverse maternal and infant complications. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups < 20 years (OR: 1.97), 25–30 years (OR: 1.66), 30–35 years (OR: 2.24), 35–40 years (OR: 3.90) and ≥ 40 years (OR: 3.33) as well as elementary school or education below (OR: 3.53), middle school (OR: 1.53), high school (OR: 1.40), and living in the north (OR: 1.37) were risk factors in maintaining a normal pre-pregnancy BMI. An age range of 30–35 years (OR: 0.76), living in the north (OR: 1.32) and race of ethnic minorities (OR: 1.51) were factors affecting GWG. Overweight (OR: 2.01) and inadequate GWG (OR: 1.60) were risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Overweight (OR: 2.80) and obesity (OR: 5.42) were risk factors for gestational hypertension (GHp). Overweight (OR: 1.92), obesity (OR: 2.48) and excessive GWG (OR: 1.95) were risk factors for macrosomia. Overweight and excessive GWG were risk factors for a large gestational age (LGA) and inadequate GWG was a risk factor for low birth weights. Conclusions Overweight and obesity before pregnancy and an excessive GWG are associated with a greater risk of developing GDM, GHp, macrosomia and LGA. The control of body weight before and during the course of pregnancy is recommended to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in pregnant women aged < 20 or > 25 years old educated below university and college levels, for ethnic minorities and those women who live in the north of China. Trial registration Registered at Clinical Trials ( NCT03403543 ), September 29, 2017.

Previous camera self-calibration methods have exhibited certain notable shortcomings. On the one hand, they either exclusively emphasized scene cues or solely focused on vehicle-related cues, resulting in a lack of adaptability to diverse scenarios and a limited number of effective features. Furthermore, these methods either solely utilized geometric features within traffic scenes or exclusively extracted semantic information, failing to comprehensively consider both aspects. This limited the comprehensive feature extraction from scenes, ultimately leading to a decrease in calibration accuracy. Additionally, conventional vanishing point-based self-calibration methods often required the design of additional edge-background models and manual parameter tuning, thereby increasing operational complexity and the potential for errors. Given these observed limitations, and in order to address these challenges, we propose an innovative roadside camera self-calibration model based on the Transformer architecture. This model possesses a unique capability to simultaneously learn scene features and vehicle features within traffic scenarios while considering both geometric and semantic information. Through this approach, our model can overcome the constraints of prior methods, enhancing calibration accuracy and robustness while reducing operational complexity and the potential for errors. Our method outperforms existing approaches on both real-world dataset scenarios and publicly available datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

Infants with congenital deficiency have high risk of glucose metabolism disorder, and often experience rapid growth in early childhood. However, the role of rapid growth on glucose metabolism is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association of rapid growth with fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We searched EMBASE and Medline for English articles, and CNKI and WANFANG database for Chinese articles. Studies measuring the associations between rapid growth and insulin or HOMA-IR were included. Relevant information was extracted independently by two reviewers. Random effects model was adopted for combined and stratified analyses. At last, twenty-two relevant studies for insulin and 20 for HOMA-IR were identified. Rapid growth was associated with high insulin (weighted mean differences [WMD] 5.544, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.436, 9.653], P = 0.008) and high HOMA-IR (WMD 0.194, 95% CI [0.098, 0.290], P < 0.001). This elevated association was statistically significant in rapid growth subjects that were >6 years old, full-term, and from developed countries. However, rapid growth among low birth weight subjects did not lead to high insulin and HOMA-IR, but decreased HOMA-IR among preterm children (WMD −0.305, 95% CI [−0.607, −0.004], P = 0.047). Follow-up age was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.095, P < 0.001). This meta-analysis suggested that rapid growth would result in high insulin and HOMA-IR, especially for full-term infants. However, rapid growth is relatively harmless for subjects who are <6 years old, low birth weight or SGA, and is even protective for preterm subjects.

Background The aim of this survey is to investigate the application of digital guide templates (DGTs) across China, and the views and attitudes of oral health professionals toward them. Methods This survey was prepared, distributed, and collected by WJX. Chinese oral health professionals were invited to participate in it. The basic information of respondents, the application of DGTs, and the views and attitudes toward their status quo and development were statistically described. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the correlation between the basic information of respondents and the application of DGTs as well as the views and attitudes toward them. Results A total of 276 questionnaires were collected, of which 273 were identified as valid. 269 (98.5%) respondents were dental clinical workers, 204 (74.7%) were dental clinical implant workers, and 152 (55.7%) had been engaged in the implant industry for more than five years. The chi-square test showed that working years were significantly correlated with the half-guided, tooth-supported, and mucosa-supported DGTs ( P  < 0.05); and professional backgrounds and working years presented significant differences in the views and attitudes toward the status quo and development of DGTs ( P  < 0.05). The questionnaires also made a preliminary investigation and evaluation on the factors influencing accuracy, indications, doctors’ recommendations and relevant training. Conclusion Most respondents held a positive attitude toward the accuracy and development of DGTs. This survey can point out the direction for the improvement of DGTs, and provide a reference for the study of factors affecting implant accuracy, the establishment of a training system, and the understanding of clinicians’ current views on DGTs. Trial registration This survey was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Chenghuaxinguanghua Dental Clinic (Approval NO. CDCIRB-D-2021-201).

Background As one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs), the WRKY gene family plays a significant role in plant growth, development, and response to hormone and environmental stress. Currently, there is no systematic analysis of the WRKY gene family in Artocarpus nanchuanensis . Results To explore its evolutionary mechanism and potential function, we performed a comprehensive analysis. A total of 113 AnWRKYs were identified, and 109 were mapped onto 28 chromosomes. These genes could be classified into 3 groups (Group I, Group IIa-IIe, Group III) based on phylogenetic analysis and the sequence characteristics of the AnWRKY domain. Syntenic analyses revealed 4 pairs of tandem repeats and 123 pairs of large fragment repeats. Furthermore, the expression profiles of AnWRKYs in roots, stems, and leaves showed that AnWRKYs had different spatial expression patterns. AnWRKY2 , AnWRKY14 , AnWRKY46 , AnWRKY55 , and AnWRKY105 may play important roles in the response to abiotic stress. In addition, subcellular localization analysis indicated that AnWRKY55 was localized in the nucleus. Conclusions This study is the first to report the identification and characterization of AnWRKYs in A. nanchuanensis and provides an important basis for future comprehensive evolutionary and functional analyses of AnWRKYs in A. nanchuanensis .

Drought stress limits seedling growth, hindering morphological development and population establishment. Artocarpus nanchuanensis, a critically endangered species endemic to the karst regions of southwest China, exhibits poor population structure and limited natural regeneration in the wild, with water deficit during the seedling stage identified as a major factor contributing to its endangered status. Elucidating the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in A. nanchuanensis seedlings is essential for improving their drought adaptability and facilitating population recovery. In this study, 72 two-year-old seedlings were divided into two groups: drought (PEG) and ethephon (PEG + Ethephon), and subjected to drought-rehydration experiments. The results showed that exogenous application of 100 mg·L−1 ethephon significantly improved stomatal conductance and photosynthetic pigment content in A. nanchuanensis seedlings. Under drought stress, the PEG + Ethephon group exhibited rapid stomatal closure, maintaining water balance and higher photosynthetic pigment levels. After rehydration, the PEG + Ethephon group significantly outperformed the PEG group in terms of photosynthetic rate. Ethephon treatment reduced H2O2 and MDA levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, POD, GR), and increased osmotic regulator activity (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline), improving ROS-scavenging capacity and reducing oxidative damage. Ethephon application significantly enhanced ethylene accumulation in seedlings, while drought stress stimulated the concentrations of key ethylene biosynthetic enzymes (SAMS, ACS, and ACO), thereby further contributing to improved drought resistance. Transcriptomic data revealed that drought stress significantly upregulated key ethylene biosynthesis genes, with expression levels increasing with stress duration and rapidly decreasing after rehydration. WGCNA analysis identified eight key drought-resistance genes, providing valuable targets for future research. This study provides the first mechanistic insight into the physiological and molecular responses of A. nanchuanensis seedlings to drought and rehydration, underscoring the central role of endogenous ethylene in drought tolerance. Ethephon treatment effectively enhanced ethylene accumulation and biosynthetic enzyme activity, thereby improving drought adaptability. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent molecular functional studies and the conservation biology of this endangered species.

Background The association between metabolic risk factors and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is under debate. This study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic risk factors and HPV infection, while also providing updated data on the prevalence of HPV infection in the post-vaccine era in China. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 684,632 adult women who had undergone a standard health screening in 2019. HPV infection prevalence was estimated. Linear and nonlinear associations between HPV infection and metabolic risk factors were assessed, such as body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Results The standardized prevalence of overall and high-risk HPV infection was 16.2% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 15.1–17.3) and 12.8% (95%CI: 11.8–13.7), respectively. HPV infection was negatively associated with BMI, with women in the highest quartile having the lowest odds of infection compared to those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78–0.91, P  < 0.0001), indicating a significant linear trend ( P trend <0.0001). Nonlinear associations were observed for SBP ( P non−linearity <0.0001), FPG ( P non−linearity <0.0001) and LDL ( P non−linearity =0.008). The overall HPV risk was observed to decrease with increasing SBP, especially when SBP was below 114 mmHg. Both FPG and LDL were positively associated with HPV risk. ORs were more pronounced when FPG was less than 4.9 mmol/L and LDL was between 2.7 and 3.5 mmol/L. Conclusions The prevalence of HPV infection in China remains high, and metabolic risk factors might be associated with an increased susceptibility to HPV. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate the association between metabolic risk factors and HPV infection.

Background This study aims to explore the relationships between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), rate of GWG during the second and third trimesters (GWG rate ) and birth weight among Chinese women. Methods Women were enrolled by 24 hospitals in 15 different provinces in mainland China from July 25th, 2017 to 26 November 2018. Pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and GWG rate were calculated and divided in to different groups. The multinomial logistic regression model and restrictive cubic spline model were used to explore the relationships. Results Of the 3585 participants, women who were underweight, had insufficient GWG or GWG rate had 1.853-, 1850- or 1.524-fold higher risks for delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant compared with women who had normal BMI, sufficient GWG or GWG rate . Women who were overweight/obese, had excessive GWG or GWG rate had 1.996-, 1676- or 1.673-fold higher risks for delivering large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant. The effects of GWG and GWG rate on birth weight varied by pre-pregnancy BMI statuses. Dose-response analysis demonstrated L-shaped and S-shaped relationships between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, GWG rate and neonatal birth weight. Conclusions Pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG or GWG rate were associated with neonatal birth weight among Chinese women. Both body weight before and during pregnancy should be maintained within the recommendations to prevent abnormal birth weight.

Accurate and robust perception in the Bird’s Eye View (BEV) is essential for effective environmental understanding in autonomous driving systems. This study introduces DMFormer, an innovative multi-modal BEV perception framework that employs Transformer architecture and a diffusion denoising model to tackle key challenges, including sensor noise, efficient fusion of multi-modal data, and modeling dynamic scenes. DMFormer integrates a diffusion-based image denoising module to enhance camera feature quality and reduce noise stemming from lighting fluctuations, adverse weather, and occlusions. Furthermore, a LiDAR-camera feature alignment mechanism is implemented to combine LiDAR’s spatial geometric insights with the camera’s semantic information. By employing a multi-scale self-attention strategy in the Transformer encoder and a query-driven decoder, DMFormer effectively captures both global and local contextual details, enabling precise 3D object detection and segmentation. Experiments conducted on the nuScenes dataset reveal that DMFormer achieves outstanding performance, with a comprehensive performance metric (NDS) of 73.6% and a mean average precision (mAP) of 71.8%, outperforming current state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, its superior detection capabilities in complex environments and for dynamic objects highlight its efficacy in BEV perception tasks.

Pseudostellaria fangiana, a new species from the Wulipo National Nature Reserve in Wushan County, northeastern Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, Pseudostellaria fangiana resembles Pseudostellaria heterantha. However, the new species can be distinguished by presence of stolons, with several root tubers in a row, branched at apex, homomorphic leaves, smaller leaf blades, and seeds minutely spiny.