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Emotional tracking on time-varying virtual space communication aims to identify sentiments and opinions expressed in a piece of user-generated content. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the user’s single post, despite the fact that social network data are sequential. In this article, we propose a sentiment analysis model based on time series prediction in order to understand and master the chronological evolution of the user’s point of view. Specifically, with the help of a domain-knowledge-enhanced pre-trained encoder, the model embeds tokens for each moment in the text sequence. We then propose an attention-based temporal prediction model to extract rich timing information from historical posting records, which improves the prediction of the user’s current state and personalizes the analysis of user’s sentiment changes in social networks. The experiments show that the proposed model improves on four kinds of sentiment tasks and significantly outperforms the strong baseline.

Background Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are complex processes. Previous studies have shown that the LBD gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development as well as in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression of LBD genes was investigated in walnuts under biotic and abiotic stresses, revealing that LBD38-1 may be a key gene in the plant stress response. This study provides new insights into the roles of LBD genes in plant responses to biotic stress. Results Forty-nine members of the JrLBD gene family were identified in the walnut genome and classified into six subfamilies. Comparative homology analysis through phylogenetic trees revealed that the presence of Group I-a and Group VI plays an important role in resistance to stressors. The expression of walnut LBD genes under cold-temperature, high-temperature, mechanical damage, and biotic stresses was analyzed via transcriptome sequencing, and the expression of JrLBD38-1 in the Group VI subfamily was particularly prominent. According to transcriptome profile analysis, JrLBD38-1 is highly expressed in different tissues of walnuts, suggesting that it plays a regulatory role in the growth and development of different tissues. The function of the Gibberellin (GA) response element in the JrLBD38-1 promoter was further analyzed and verified. These findings confirmed that GA regulated JrLBD38-1 expression changes during Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis infestation of walnut leaves. Conclusion Forty-nine walnut JrLBDs were identified and classified into six subfamilies. JrLBD38-1 has GA-inducible expression, is regulated by GA under pathogenic bacterial stress, and is involved in the response to biotic stress. This function of JrLBD38-1 provides new insights into walnut disease resistance mechanisms.

Technological innovation is essential to promoting sustainable development in emerging economies as it drives regional coordination and industry upgrading. In order to address the understudied connection between regional coordination and industrial structural transformation, this study examines the spatial dynamics of technological innovation efficiency (TIE) in China’s advanced manufacturing industry (AMI) along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2007 to 2022. Through a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), we systematically evaluated TIE patterns using panel data from 11 provinces. Our empirical analysis reveals three key findings. (1) The temporal distribution of TIE in AMI in the YREB showed an annual increasing trend. The spatial distribution characteristics showed a gradient distribution disparity between the eastern, central, and western regions, but the regional gap of TIE in AMI is gradually closing. (2) Through the examination of Moran’s I, the spatial spillover effect of TIE in AMI was observed, that is, the TIE is spreading from high-performance provinces to other regions, suggesting that interregional collaboration and knowledge exchange may be beneficial. (3) According to the factor identification study, the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of TIE in AMI are industrialization, human capital, and innovation capability. Interestingly, the effects of information technology and economic progress are not statistically significant, suggesting that cautious government actions are required. By optimizing technological innovation processes and spatial arrangements, this study adds to the expanding body of knowledge on the spatial aspects of technological innovation and provides valuable insights for policymakers looking to enhance global competitiveness and foster sustainable economic growth in the AMI. The findings advance our knowledge of how to support sustainable economic development in emerging nations by highlighting the critical role that innovation and technology management play in removing regional development obstacles and encouraging the modernization of industrial structures.

To enhance the impact resistance and protective performance of ship double-bottom liquid tanks, a liquid storage structure with unequal panel strength was designed. Drop hammer impact experiments and finite element simulations were carried out under ten different working conditions. Based on the experimental and numerical findings, the failure morphology, dynamic response, energy absorption characteristics, and protection mechanisms of the structure were systematically analyzed. By quantifying the plastic limit ratio between the front and rear wall panels, the relationship between strength matching and energy dissipation was revealed. The findings demonstrate that reducing the strength of the rear wall panel promotes large-deflection plastic deformation, which facilitates directional energy dissipation and reduces both the deformation and energy absorption of the bottom panel. Furthermore, the strength matching between the front and rear panels causes asymmetry in the dynamic response during impact. Increasing the plastic limit ratio enhances the protective capability of the structure, providing a valuable reference for the design of unequal-strength double-bottom liquid tanks in ships.

This study designs four types of liquid-filled cylindrical shell structures to investigate their protection characteristics against explosive shock waves and high-speed fragments. Bare charge and charge-driven prefabricated fragments are employed to examine the damage under blast shock waves and combined blast and fragments loading on various liquid-filled cylindrical shell structures. The test results are compared to numerical calculations and theoretical analysis for the structure's deformation, the liquid medium's movement, and the pressure waves' propagation characteristics under different liquid-filling methods. The results showed that the filling method influences the blast protection and the structure's energy absorption performance. The external filling method reduces the structural deformation, and the internal filling method increases the damage effect. The gapped internal filling method improves the structure's energy absorption efficiency. The pressure wave loading on the liquid-filled cylindrical shell structure differs depending on filling methods. Explosive shock waves and high-speed fragments show a damage enhancement effect on the liquid-filled cylindrical shell structure, depending on the thickness of the internal liquid container layer. The specific impulse on the inner surface of the cylindrical shell positively correlates to the radial deformation of the cylindrical shell structure, and the external liquid layer limits the radial structural deformation.

In recent years, deep neural networks have achieved great success in many fields, such as computer vision and natural language processing. Traditional image recommendation algorithms use text-based recommendation methods. The process of displaying images requires a lot of time and labor, and the time-consuming labor is inefficient. Therefore, this article mainly studies image recommendation algorithms based on deep neural networks in social networks. First, according to the time stamp information of the dataset, the interaction records of each user are sorted by the closest time. Then, some feature vectors are created via traditional feature algorithms like LBP, BGC3, RTU, or CNN extraction. For image recommendation, two LSTM neural networks are established, which accept these feature vectors as input, respectively. The compressed output of the two sub-ESTM neural networks is used as the input of another LSTM neural network. The multilayer regression algorithm is adopted to randomly sample some network nodes to obtain the cognitive information of the nodes sampled in the entire network, predict the relationship between all nodes in the network based on the cognitive information, and perform low sampling to achieve relationship prediction. The experiments show that proposed LSTM model together with CNN feature vectors can outperform other algorithms.

Objective: Although Hu sheep are renowned for their high fecundity, the multi-tissue regulatory networks governing spermatogenesis, particularly within the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular (HPT) axis, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by performing a comparative proteomic analysis of the HPT axis in Hu sheep and three other breeds. Methods: We utilized data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics to analyze hypothalamic, pituitary, and testis tissues from 36 samples across four breeds. The experimental workflow included protein extraction, enzymatic digestion, LC-MS/MS, and subsequent bioinformatic analyses, complemented by histological examination. Results: Hu sheep exhibited accelerated testicular development and an earlier onset of spermatogenesis. Comprehensive proteomic profiling identified a total of 10,528 proteins, with 771 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) detected in the testis. These testicular DEPs were significantly enriched in pathways related to spermatogenesis, the blood–testis barrier, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Notably, the cAMP signaling pathway was consistently enriched across all three tissues, underscoring its pivotal role in regulating spermatogenesis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis further highlighted hub proteins, such as MET, suggesting their potential involvement in somatic cell functions and the spermatogenic microenvironment. Key findings were validated by Western blot analysis. Conclusion: This study is the first multi-tissue proteomic investigation proposing a model in which the high reproductive performance of Hu sheep is potentially linked to the efficient, coordinated regulation of spermatogenesis-related proteins and signaling pathways—particularly in the testis. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of male reproduction in sheep and identify potential targets for future research and breeding applications.

This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of hybridization increased the meat production performance in sheep. Thirty-six 3-month-old male lambs of Suffolk sheep (SFK, n = 12), Hu sheep (HH, n = 12), and their F1 hybrids (SH, n = 12) were selected and raised in individual pens under identical nutritional supply and husbandry management regimes over a 95-day (including a 15-day pre-trial period) experimental period. At the end of the feeding trial, six sheep closest to the average body weight were selected from each group for the subsequent trial, involving the collection of Longissimus dorsi samples and the determination of production performance, muscle fiber characteristic and transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that the SH sheep had significantly higher pre-slaughter live weight and carcass weight than the HH sheep, while lower than those of the SFK sheep (p < 0.05). The muscle fiber density of the SH group was significantly higher than that of the parental groups, while the muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area were significantly smaller (p < 0.05). The collagen fiber content of the SH group was intermediate between the two parental groups and significantly higher than that of the SFK group (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis identified 2920 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in the AMPK, PI3K-Akt, and PPAR signaling pathways. Metabolomic analysis detected 1617 differential metabolites (DMs), which were enriched in the fatty acid degradation and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Integrated analysis revealed that core genes SESN3 and metabolites (malate, testosterone) enhance energy supply capacity through AMPK pathway, thereby promoting muscle fiber proliferation and increasing meat yield in the hybrid sheep. In conclusion, the heterosis of the SH group originates from the remodeling of muscle fiber structure and the synergistic regulation of related pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for sheep crossbreeding.

Consumers are increasingly demanding higher-quality mutton. Crossbreeding has been recognized as an effective means to improve meat quality. However, the phenomenon underlying these molecular system mechanisms remains largely unidentified. In this study, 48 male lambs aged 3 months were selected, including ♂ Hu sheep × ♀ Hu (HH, n = 16), ♂ Polled Dorset × ♀ Hu sheep F1 hybrid lambs (DH, n = 16), and ♂ Southdown × ♀ Hu sheep (SH, n = 16) F1 hybrid lambs, and raised in a single pen under the same nutritional and management conditions for 95 days. Then, seven sheep close to the average weight of the group were selected and fasted for 12 h prior to slaughter. By comparing the muscle fiber characteristics of the Longissimus dorsi of the three groups of sheep, and through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we revealed molecular differences in the meat quality of Hu sheep crossbred with different parent breeds. The results of this study showed that muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the DH group than in the HH group, and collagen fiber content in the DH group was also significantly higher than in the HH group (p < 0.05). A total of 163 differential genes and 823 differential metabolites were identified in the three groups, most of which were related to muscle development and lipid metabolism. These included the AMPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the related genes EFHB, PER3, and PPARGC1A. The results of this study offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of crossbreeding on meat quality and provide a theoretical foundation for sheep crossbreed production.

With the increasing consumer demand for high-quality lamb, crossbreeding has become a key technology for improving the production performance and meat quality of sheep. To evaluate the meat quality advantages and characteristics of Suffolk (SFK) and Hu sheep (HH) and their F1 crossbreds (SH), thirty-six 3-month-old male lambs of SFK (n = 12), HH (n = 12), and SH (n = 12) were selected and raised in individual pens under the same nutritional and management conditions. After standardized feeding until 6 months of age, the Longissimus dorsi muscle was collected to determine meat quality traits, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and volatile flavor compounds. The results indicated that the L*, a* and b* values of the SH group were significantly lower than those of the parental breeds (p < 0.05), with tenderness being intermediate between the two parent breeds. Notably, drip loss and cooking loss were significantly lower in the SH group (p < 0.05), indicating superior water-holding capacity. In terms of amino acid profiles, the contents of non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) and sweet-tasting amino acids in the SH group were significantly higher than those of the parent breeds (p < 0.05), with the overall profile meeting the FAO/WHO ideal protein pattern. Analysis of fatty acid profiles revealed that the SH group had significantly lower total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (p < 0.05) and significantly higher levels of functional fatty acids (such as CLA), resulting in a significantly higher UFAs (unsaturated fatty acids)/SFAs (saturated fatty acids) ratio (p < 0.05) and superior nutritional value of fat. Furthermore, 32 volatile flavor compounds were detected in the SH group; among them, key aroma-active compounds such as isoamyl formate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and acetoin were significantly higher than in the parental breeds (p < 0.05), contributing to a unique flavor profile. Consequently, this study systematically reveals the advantages of Suffolk × Hu F1 crossbreds in terms of meat quality, nutritional value, and flavor characteristics, providing fundamental data for the optimization of crossbreeding systems, breeding selection, and the quality improvement of sheep meat products.