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With the increasing demand for wearable electronic products, there is a pressing need to develop electronic devices that seamlessly conform to the contours of the human body while delivering excellent performance and reliability. Traditional rigid electronic fabrication technologies fall short of meeting these requirements, necessitating the exploration of advanced flexible fabrication technologies that offer new possibilities for designing and fabricating flexible and stretchable electronic products, particularly in wearable devices. Over time, the continuous development of innovative fabrication techniques has ushered in significant improvements in the design freedom, lightweight, seamless integration, and multifunctionality of wearable electronics. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements facilitated by advanced fabrication technology in wearable electronics. It specifically focuses on key fabrication methods, including printed electronics fabrication, soft transfer, 3D structure fabrication, and deformation fabrication. By highlighting these advancements, it sheds light on the challenges and prospects for further development in wearable electronics fabrication technologies. The introduction of advanced fabrication technologies has revolutionized the landscape of wearable/conformable electronics, expanding their application domains, streamlining system complexity associated with customization, manufacturing, and production, and opening up new avenues for innovation and development of body-conformable electronics.

Whether the construction of broadband infrastructure can alleviate the problem of mismatched medical resources is crucial to the national information strategy, residents' well-being, and social equity. However, the academic community lacks a comprehensive theoretical analysis and rigorous empirical research on this issue. This study aims to construct a preliminary theoretical framework to scientifically assess the effects of broadband infrastructure development on the mitigation of health care resource mismatch from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, to explore the potential mechanisms of influence, and ultimately to develop several practical policy recommendations. We first used a theoretical analysis to propose testable theoretical hypotheses and establish a preliminary theoretical framework. Then, based on balanced panel data from 300 cities from 2010 to 2021, a 2-way fixed effects difference-in-differences model was used for empirical testing. Mechanism tests, robustness analyses, and heterogeneity analyses were further conducted. The research findings demonstrate that the Broadband China Policy significantly reduces the degree of mismatch in medical resources by primarily using innovation effects and integration effects, resulting in a reduction of 13.2%. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the central and eastern regions, cities with large populations, and areas with a high proportion of young people benefit more significantly. This study fully confirms, both theoretically and empirically, that broadband infrastructure construction can effectively reduce the mismatch of medical resources not only by expanding the existing literature on the impact of broadband on public services but also by providing valuable opportunities for policy makers to optimize the allocation of medical resources.

Background Improving patients’ experience, enhancing patients’ trust and improving the willingness to see a doctor are the key to the real implementation of the “gatekeeper” role of residents’ health in township health centers. At present, in the field of health management, the research on the relationship between the three is relatively limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the current situation of patients’ experience, patients’ trust and willingness to see a doctor in township health centers, and further explore the relationship between the three, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the overall service and management quality of township health centers. Methods In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shandong Province, China from July to October 2020. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data, which included general information, medical information, patient experience, patient trust, and willingness to see a doctor. Patient experience, patient trust, and willingness to see a doctor were evaluated using the Likert 5-point scoring method, with a maximum score of 5. The higher the score, the better the patient experience, the greater the patient trust, and the stronger the willingness to see a doctor. SPSS21.0 was used to describe the current situation, test the reliability and validity, and analyze the Pearson correlation. AMOS23.0 was used for structural equation modeling. Results The score of willingness to see a doctor was 3.84 ± 0.62. The score of patient experience was 3.81 ± 0.47, and the score of patient trust was 3.81 ± 0.60, which was a lower score compared to other studies in the same period. Both patient experience and patient trust both had a directly positive impact on the willingness to see a doctor, and the impact coefficients were 0.19 and 0.68, respectively. Patient experience has a direct positive impact on patient trust, with an impact coefficient of 0.74. Patient trust played a partial mediating role in the relationship between patient experience and willingness to see a doctor, and the impact coefficient was 0.50. Conclusions If the reform of China’s healthcare system is to realize the goal of “not leaving the countryside for minor illnesses and not leaving the county for serious illnesses” increasing the willingness of patients to see a doctor at the grass-roots level primary hospitals is key. In addition, the government should vigorously promote the construction of township health centers and stimulate the vitality of grass-roots health institutions. If primary hospitals want to “catch” the demand of patients, they must improve patient experience and enhance patient trust.

Volatile organic compounds play an important role in air quality and climate change, largely because they contribute to the formation of oxidizing compounds and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this study, a series of products, including peroxides and carbonyl compounds in both gaseous and particulate phases, were simultaneously detected to investigate the oxidation regime and SOA composition in limonene ozonolysis. The roles of different double bonds (DBs), radicals, and water were also examined. In our first investigation, we focused on representative oxidizing compounds produced in limonene ozonolysis, including stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs), OH radicals, and peroxides. The dependence of H2O2 and hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP) formation on RH demonstrates that the reaction with water is an important reaction pathway for limonene SCIs, and the lower limit SCI yields of endocyclic and exocyclic DBs were estimated to be ∼0.24 and ∼0.43, respectively. The OH yield was determined by adding sufficient amounts of an OH scavenger, and the OH yields of endocyclic and exocyclic DBs were ∼0.65 and ∼0.24, respectively. These results indicate that in limonene ozonolysis the endocyclic DB is inclined to generate OH radicals through the hydroperoxide channel, while the exocyclic DB has a higher fraction of forming SCIs. Additionally, other gas-phase and particle-phase peroxides were also studied in this work. The formation of performic acid (PFA) and peracetic acid (PAA) was promoted significantly by increasing RH and the degree of oxidation, and the discrepancy between the experimental and model results suggested some missing formation pathways. Considerable generation of H2O2 from SOA in the aqueous phase was observed, especially at a high [O3] ∕ [limonene] ratio, which was mainly attributed to the hydration and decomposition of unstable peroxides in SOA such as peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxyhemiacetals. Different DBs and OH scavengers had a large impact on the particulate peroxides, and their stability indicated that the types of peroxides in SOA changed under different conditions. As for the contribution of peroxides to SOA, the results demonstrated that the mass fraction of particulate peroxides in limonene SOA was less than 0.2 at a low [O3] ∕ [limonene] ratio, while the mass fraction was 0.4–0.6 at a high [O3] ∕ [limonene] ratio. The partitioning behavior of peroxides showed that multi-generation oxidation helped produce more low-volatility peroxides, which partially explained the higher SOA yield. The partitioning behavior of carbonyls was also examined and the experimental partitioning coefficients (Kp) were found to be typically several orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical values. This study provided new insights into the oxidation regime and SOA composition in limonene ozonolysis, and limonene showed its specificity in many aspects when both endocyclic and exocyclic DBs were ozonated. We suggest that the atmospheric implications of terpenes containing more than one DB and the SOA composition, especially particulate peroxides, need further study.

In light of the ERI exacerbated by health emergencies, stabilizing the working conditions of primary healthcare professionals and ensuring the consistent operation of the public health system has become a focal point of research. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms by which ERI affects job performance among primary healthcare professionals in the context of health emergencies, as well as the mediating role of perceived social support and resilience. Participants were recruited from 54 primary healthcare institutions, with a total of 1,050 primary healthcare professionals included in the study. Data were collected using the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Individual Resilience Scale, and Job Performance Scale to assess key variables. Hayes’ serial mediation model was applied to examine the interrelationships between these variables. The effects of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance and Job Performance were negatively correlated ( P  < 0.01). ERI influences job performance through three pathways: the mediating role of perceived social support, the mediating role of individual resilience, and the chain mediating role of both perceived social support and individual resilience. Perceived social support and individual resilience moderates the association between Effort-Reward-Imbalance and job performance among primary healthcare professionals.

Soft robotics, distinguished by intrinsic compliance, biomimetic adaptability, and safe human‐environment interaction, has emerged as a transformative paradigm in next‐generation intelligent systems. Biological systems, refined through evolutionary optimization, exhibit unparalleled multifunctionality in unstructured environments, inspiring the development of soft robots with energy‐efficient reconfiguration and environmental responsiveness. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of intelligent soft robotics via multidisciplinary integration, covering key aspects from bioinspired design principles to advanced functional implementation. Recent breakthroughs across four interconnected domains are systematically examined: 1) biomimetic actuation mechanisms that enhance actuation efficiency through innovative structural configurations; 2) programmable materials enabling adaptive morphology and tunable mechanical properties; 3) multiscale manufacturing techniques for fabricating complex heterogeneous structures; and 4) closed‐loop control strategies integrating artificial intelligence algorithms. While highlighting emerging applications in biomedical engineering, environmental exploration, and human‐machine interfaces, challenges such as actuation efficiency, material degradation, manufacturing limitations, nonlinear‐control complexity, and sensing instability under real‐world conditions are discussed. Furthermore, strategic research directions are identified to guide the development of next‐generation soft robots endowed with embodied intelligence and adaptive functionalities. Notably, by synergizing advances in materials science, mechanical engineering, and computational intelligence, soft robotics is poised to redefine the boundaries of intelligent machines across healthcare, exploration, and human augmentation. Soft robotics, featuring intrinsic compliance and biomimetic adaptability, emerges as transformative in next‐generation intelligent systems. This review outlines how advancements in four foundational domains—actuation, materials, manufacturing, and control—drive the evolution of bioinspired intelligent soft robotics, poised to redefine the boundaries of intelligent machines across healthcare, exploration, and human augmentation.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a vital oxidant in the atmosphere and plays critical roles in the oxidation chemistry of both liquid and aerosol phases. The partitioning of H2O2 between the gas and liquid phases, or the aerosol phase, could affect its abundance in these condensed phases and eventually the formation of secondary components. However, the partitioning processes of H2O2 in gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases are still unclear, especially in the ambient atmosphere. In this study, field observations of gas-, liquid-, and aerosol-phase H2O2 were carried out in the urban atmosphere of Beijing during the summer and winter of 2018. The effective field-derived mean value of Henry's law constant (HAm, 2.1×105 M atm−1) was 2.5 times of the theoretical value in pure water (HAt, 8.4×104 M atm−1) at 298±2 K. The effective derived gas-aerosol partitioning coefficient (KPm, 3.8×10-3 m3 µg−1) was 4 orders of magnitude higher on average than the theoretical value (KPt, 2.8×10-7 m3 µg−1) at 270±4 K. Beyond following Henry's law or Pankow's absorptive partitioning theory, the partitioning of H2O2 in the gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases in the ambient atmosphere was also influenced by certain physical and chemical reactions. The average concentration of liquid-phase H2O2 in rainwater during summer was 44.12±26.49 µM. In 69 % of the collected rain samples, the measured level of H2O2 was greater than the predicted value in pure water calculated by Henry's law. In these samples, 41 % of the measured H2O2 was from gas-phase partitioning, while most of the rest may be from residual H2O2 in raindrops. In winter, the level of aerosol-phase H2O2 was 0.093±0.085 ng µg−1, which was much higher than the predicted value based on Pankow's absorptive partitioning theory. The contribution of partitioning of the gas-phase H2O2 to the aerosol-phase H2O2 formation was negligible. The decomposition/hydrolysis rate of aerosol-phase organic peroxides could account for 11 %–74 % of the consumption rate of aerosol-phase H2O2, and the value depended on the composition of organic peroxides in the aerosol particles. Furthermore, the heterogeneous uptake of HO2 and H2O2 on aerosols contributed to 22 % and 2 % of the aerosol-phase H2O2 consumption, respectively.

Organic peroxides, important species in the atmosphere, promote secondary organic aerosol (SOA) aging, affect HOx radicals cycling, and cause adverse health effects. However, the formation, gas-particle partitioning, and evolution of organic peroxides are complicated and still unclear. In this study, we investigated in the laboratory the production and gas-particle partitioning of peroxides from the ozonolysis of α-pinene, which is one of the major biogenic volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and an important precursor for SOA at a global scale. We have determined the molar yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydromethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), peroxyformic acid (PFA), peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and total peroxides (TPOs, including unknown peroxides) and the fraction of peroxides in α-pinene/O3 SOA. Comparing the gas-phase peroxides with the particle-phase peroxides, we find that gas-particle partitioning coefficients of PFA and PAA are 104 times higher than the values from the theoretical prediction, indicating that organic peroxides play a more important role in SOA formation than previously expected. Here, the partitioning coefficients of TPO were determined to be as high as (2–3)  ×  10−4 m3 µg−1. Even so, more than 80 % of the peroxides formed in the reaction remain in the gas phase. Water changes the distribution of gaseous peroxides, while it does not affect the total amount of peroxides in either the gas or the particle phase. Approx. 18 % of gaseous peroxides undergo rapid heterogeneous decomposition on SOA particles in the presence of water vapor, resulting in the additional production of H2O2. This process can partially explain the unexpectedly high H2O2 yields under wet conditions. Transformation of organic peroxides to H2O2 also preserves OH in the atmosphere, helping to improve the understanding of OH cycling.

Chronic noncommunicable diseases, which can be referred to as chronic diseases, have become a significant challenge to global public health. Various studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies are effective means of preventing and treating chronic diseases. The purpose of our study was to analyze the present circumstances of the use of TCM therapies among Chinese patients who have chronic diseases and explore the related influencing factors. Using datasets from the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS), we collected basic information, health status, and lifestyle data from 1,023 residents who suffered from at least one chronic disease. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of different indicators among patients using TCM therapies through the χ 2 test and determined the main factors influencing the use of TCM therapies through binary logistic regression analysis. Among the 1,023 patients with chronic diseases, 502 (49.07%) used TCM therapies. The five types of TCM therapies were used in the following order of frequency: Chinese herbal medicine (73.11%), cupping (37.45%), acupressure or massage (31.27%), acupuncture (30.48%), and moxibustion (23.11%). Age, self-rated health status, frequency of drinking, frequency of medical visits in the past year, media information sources, types of chronic diseases, and comorbidities significantly affected the use of TCM therapies ( P  < 0.05). Compared with the population aged over 81 years, patients aged 41–60 years (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.069–3.663) had a higher rate of TCM therapy use. Compared with patients who never drank, those who drank several times a year or less (OR: 1.628, 95% CI: 1.031–2.569) had a higher rate of TCM therapy use. Compared with patients who had never visited a doctor in the past year, those who had visited a doctor several times a week (OR: 2.888, 95% CI: 1.047–7.966), approximately once a week (OR: 3.101, 95% CI: 1.369–7.023), approximately once a month (OR: 1.988, 95% CI: 1.239–3.190), or several times a year (OR: 1.734, 95% CI: 1.202–2.502) had a greater rate of TCM therapy use. Compared with patients whose self-rated health status was poor, those whose self-rated health status was normal (OR: 0.709, 95% CI: 0.504–0.996) had a lower rate of TCM therapy use. Compared with patients who obtained media information through more than three sources, those who obtained it only through television (OR: 0.624, 95% CI: 0.410–0.948) had a lower rate of TCM therapy use. Compared with patients who suffered from three or more chronic diseases simultaneously, those who suffered from hypertension (OR: 0.260, 95% CI: 0.134 ~ 0.507) alone, diabetes (OR: 0.359, 95% CI: 0.149 ~ 0.864) alone, musculoskeletal diseases (OR: 0.466, 95% CI: 0.237 ~ 0.917) alone, other types of chronic diseases (OR: 0.367, 95% CI: 0.191 ~ 0.706) alone, and two (OR: 0.394, 95% CI: 0.212 ~ 0.732) or three (OR: 0.375, 95% CI: 0.186 ~ 0.755) kinds of chronic diseases simultaneously had a lower rate of TCM therapy use. Many factors affect the use of TCM therapies in patients with chronic diseases. The government and relevant departments should understand the trend in the use of TCM therapies in chronic disease management, accurately identify the characteristics of the population that has chronic diseases, optimize publicity channels, enhance the accessibility and acceptance of TCM therapies in global chronic disease health management, and provide practical references for enriching the methods available for preventing and treating chronic diseases.

Background General practitioners are the gatekeepers of the health of the residents. This study aims to evaluate the trend and equity of general practitioners ' allocation from 2012 to 2017 in China and provide a reference for regional health planning and rational distribution of general practitioners. Methods We extracted the data of general practitioners from 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities of mainland China. The population and geographical area were taken from the China Statistical Yearbook. The general practitioners ' data were taken from the China Health Statistical Yearbook. Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and agglomeration degree were used to analyze the data. Results The number of general practitioners was 252,717 in 2017, which equates to 1.82 per 10,000 residents, and accounts for 7.45% of the total number of practicing (assistant) doctors. From 2012 to 2017, the population-based Gini coefficient for general practitioners reduced from 0.31 to 0.24, while the geographical area-based Gini coefficient remained unchanged at 0.73. The agglomeration degree based on population increased from 0.72 to 0.73 in the western region including Tibet (0.403) and Shaanxi (0.513). Moreover, in the eastern region the agglomeration degree reduced from 1.477 to 1.329. In the middle region it rose from 0.646 to 0.802. The agglomeration degree based on the geographical area in the western region increased from 0.270 to 0.277 while the values in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang were less than 0.1. In the eastern region, it reduced from 1.447 to 1.329. It increased from 1.149 to 1.423 in the middle region. Conclusions The number of general practitioners has increased significantly in China. It has a fair allocation based on population. However, the equity based on geographical area is low and uneven in different regions with large regional differences. In the western region, there is an allocation shortage with respect to population and geographical area. Concerned departments should establish and improve the incentive and performance appraisal mechanisms of general practitioners. The Internet + should be used to empower their service capacity and efficiency. The educational input should be increased for the western region and government should encourage the eastern region to support the western region.