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New neutrino-nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with [Formula omitted] mixtures with a [Formula omitted] content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with [Formula omitted] (90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an [Formula omitted] source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was [Formula omitted] in [Formula omitted] with 4.0% [Formula omitted] with an anode voltage of [Formula omitted]. In [Formula omitted] with 10% [Formula omitted] at 4 barA, a gain of [Formula omitted] was observed with anode voltage [Formula omitted]. We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in [Formula omitted] with 10% [Formula omitted] (10,000 in [Formula omitted] with [Formula omitted] [Formula omitted]) may be achieved with anode voltage of [Formula omitted] ( [Formula omitted]).

New neutrino–nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with Ar-CH 4 mixtures with a CH 4 content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with Ar-CO 2 (90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an 55 Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was ( 29 ± 1 ) · 10 3 in Ar-CH 4 with 4.0% CH 4 with an anode voltage of 2975 V . In Ar-CO 2 with 10% CO 2 at 4 barA, a gain of ( 4.2 ± 0.1 ) · 10 3 was observed with anode voltage 2975 V . We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in Ar-CO 2 with 10% CO 2 (10,000 in Ar-CH 4 with ∼ 4 % CH 4 ) may be achieved with anode voltage of 4.6 kV ( ∼ 3.6 kV ).

We present studies of proton fluxes in the T10 beamline at CERN. A prototype high pressure gas time projection chamber (TPC) was exposed to the beam of protons and other particles, using the 0.8 GeV/c momentum setting in T10, in order to make cross section measurements of low energy protons in argon. To explore the energy region comparable to hadrons produced by GeV-scale neutrino interactions at oscillation experiments, i.e., near 0.1 GeV of kinetic energy, methods of moderating the T10 beam were employed: the dual technique of moderating the beam with acrylic blocks and measuring scattered protons off the beam axis was used to decrease the kinetic energy of incident protons, as well as change the proton/minimum ionising particle (MIP) composition of the incident flux. Measurements of the beam properties were made using time of flight systems upstream and downstream of the TPC. The kinetic energy of protons reaching the TPC was successfully changed from ∼0.3 GeV without moderator blocks to less than 0.1 GeV with four moderator blocks (40 cm path length). The flux of both protons and MIPs off the beam axis was increased. The ratio of protons to MIPs vary as a function of the off-axis angle allowing for possible optimisation of the detector to select the type of required particles. Simulation informed by the time of flight measurements show that with four moderator blocks placed in the beamline, (5.6 ± 0.1) protons with energies below 0.1 GeV per spill traversed the active TPC region. Measurements of the beam composition and energy are presented.

New neutrino–nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with$$\\text {Ar-CH}_4$$Ar-CH 4 mixtures with a$$\\text {CH}_{4}$$CH 4 content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with$${\\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$Ar-CO 2 (90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an$$^{55}\\text {Fe}$$55 Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was$$(29\\pm 1)\\cdot 10^{3}$$( 29 ± 1 ) · 10 3 in$$\\text {Ar-CH}_4$$Ar-CH 4 with 4.0%$$\\text {CH}_{4}$$CH 4 with an anode voltage of$${2975}\\,\\hbox {V}$$2975 V . In$${\\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$Ar-CO 2 with 10%$$\\text {CO}_{2}$$CO 2 at 4 barA, a gain of$$(4.2\\pm 0.1)\\cdot 10^{3}$$( 4.2 ± 0.1 ) · 10 3 was observed with anode voltage$${2975}\\,\\hbox {V}$$2975 V . We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in$${\\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$Ar-CO 2 with 10%$$\\text {CO}_{2}$$CO 2 (10,000 in$$\\text {Ar-CH}_4$$Ar-CH 4 with$$\\sim \\!{4}{\\%}$$∼ 4 %$$\\text {CH}_{4}$$CH 4 ) may be achieved with anode voltage of$${4.6}\\,\\hbox {kV}$$4.6 kV ($$\\sim \\!{3.6}\\,\\hbox {kV}$$∼ 3.6 kV ).

Abstract New neutrino–nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with $$\\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 mixtures with a $$\\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with $${\\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 (90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an $$^{55}\\text {Fe}$$ 55 Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was $$(29\\pm 1)\\cdot 10^{3}$$ ( 29 ± 1 ) · 10 3 in $$\\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 with 4.0% $$\\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 with an anode voltage of $${2975}\\,\\hbox {V}$$ 2975 V . In $${\\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 with 10% $$\\text {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 at 4 barA, a gain of $$(4.2\\pm 0.1)\\cdot 10^{3}$$ ( 4.2 ± 0.1 ) · 10 3 was observed with anode voltage $${2975}\\,\\hbox {V}$$ 2975 V . We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in $${\\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 with 10% $$\\text {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 (10,000 in $$\\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 with $$\\sim \\!{4}{\\%}$$ ∼ 4 % $$\\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 ) may be achieved with anode voltage of $${4.6}\\,\\hbox {kV}$$ 4.6 kV ( $$\\sim \\!{3.6}\\,\\hbox {kV}$$ ∼ 3.6 kV ).

We present studies of proton fluxes in the T10 beamline at CERN. A prototype high pressure gas time projection chamber (TPC) was exposed to the beam of protons and other particles, using the 0.8 GeV/c momentum setting in T10, in order to make cross section measurements of low energy protons in argon. To explore the energy region comparable to hadrons produced by GeV-scale neutrino interactions at oscillation experiments, i.e., near 0.1 GeV of kinetic energy, methods of moderating the T10 beam were employed: the dual technique of moderating the beam with acrylic blocks and measuring scattered protons off the beam axis was used to decrease the kinetic energy of incident protons, as well as change the proton/minimum ionising particle (MIP) composition of the incident flux. Measurements of the beam properties were made using time of flight systems upstream and downstream of the TPC. The kinetic energy of protons reaching the TPC was successfully changed from \\(\\sim0.3\\) GeV without moderator blocks to less than 0.1 GeV with four moderator blocks (40 cm path length). The flux of both protons and MIPs off the beam axis was increased. The ratio of protons to MIPs vary as a function of the off-axis angle allowing for possible optimisation of the detector to select the type of required particles. Simulation informed by the time of flight measurements show that with four moderator blocks placed in the beamline, (\\(5.6 \\pm 0.1\\)) protons with energies below 0.1 GeV per spill traversed the active TPC region. Measurements of the beam composition and energy are presented.

New neutrino-nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long-baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources planned for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles as they travel much further in gas than solid or liquid neutrino detectors. Using a high-pressure gas increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. This paper will examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) taken from the ALICE TPC to be used as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We tested one such MWPC at up to almost 5 bar absolute (barA) with the UK high-pressure test stand at Royal Holloway, University of London. This paper reports the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.8 bar absolute with Ar-CH\\(_{4}\\) mixtures with a CH\\(_{4}\\) content between 2.8% and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with Ar-CO\\(_{2}\\) (90-10). We measured the charge gain of this OROC using signals induced by an \\(^{55}\\)Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.8 bar was \\(64\\pm2)\\cdot10^{3}\\) at stable conditions with an anode wire voltage of 2990 V in Ar-CH\\(_{4}\\) (95.9-4.1). In Ar-CO\\(_{2}\\) a gain of \\((4.2\\pm0.1)\\cdot10^{3}\\) was observed at an anode voltage of 2975 V at 4 barA gas pressure. Based on all our gain measurements, we extrapolate that, at the 10 barA pressure necessary to fit 1 tonne of gas into the ALICE TPC volume, a gain of 5000 in Ar-CO\\(_{2}\\) (90-10) (10000 in Ar-CH\\(_{4}\\) with \\(\\sim\\!\\) 4% CH\\(_{4}\\) content) may be achieved with an OROC anode voltage of 4.2 V (\\(\\sim\\!\\) 3.1 kV).