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"Cheng, Cheng"
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Southern cross the dog
Convinced that he is cursed after the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, 20-year-old Robert Chatham, who, constantly followed by trouble, has lost his will to live, finally shakes his demons until he is forced to make an impossible choice.
Book
Preserving Posterior Complex Can Prevent Adjacent Segment Disease following Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgeries: A Finite Element Analysis
To investigate the biomechanical effects of the lumbar posterior complex on the adjacent segments after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgeries.
A finite element model of the L1-S1 segment was modified to simulate PLIF with total laminectomy (PLIF-LAM) and PLIF with hemilaminectomy (PLIF-HEMI) procedures. The models were subjected to a 400N follower load with a 7.5-N.m moment of flexion, extension, torsion, and lateral bending. The range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), and ligament force were compared.
In Flexion, the ROM, IDP and ligament force of posterior longitudinal ligament, intertransverse ligament, and capsular ligament remarkably increased at the proximal adjacent segment in the PLIF-LAM model, and slightly increased in the PLIF-HEMI model. There was almost no difference for the ROM, IDP and ligament force at L5-S1 level between the two PLIF models although the ligament forces of ligamenta flava remarkably increased compared with the intact lumbar spine (INT) model. For the other loading conditions, these two models almost showed no difference in ROM, IDP and ligament force on the adjacent discs.
Preserved posterior complex acts as the posterior tension band during PLIF surgery and results in less ROM, IDP and ligament forces on the proximal adjacent segment in flexion. Preserving the posterior complex during decompression can be effective on preventing adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) following PLIF surgeries.
Journal Article
Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 μM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti–SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (RF3), Perilla frutescens, and Mentha haplocalyx were effective in a challenge study using hamsters as disease model.
Journal Article
Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe
The role of fibronectin (FN) in tumorigenesis and malignant progression has been highly controversial. Cancerous FN plays a tumor-suppressive role, whereas it is pro-metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, FN matrix deposited in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) promotes tumor progression but is paradoxically related to a better prognosis. Here, we justify how FN impacts tumor transformation and subsequently metastatic progression. Next, we try to reconcile and rationalize the seemingly conflicting roles of FN in cancer and TMEs. Finally, we propose future perspectives for potential FN-based therapeutic strategies.
Journal Article
Frommer's Honolulu & Oahu day by day
\"Portable, up-to-date, and to-the-point, Frommer's Honolulu and Oahu day by day is all about maximizing the time you have to spend in Hawaii's liveliest slice of paradise. This itinerary-based book, written by long-time resident Martha Cheng, hits all of Oahu's highlights--and its hidden gems--from soaking up rays on world-famous Waikiki Beach to hiking through rainforests, visiting Pearl Harbor and catching the sunrise over Diamond Head. Inside the guide: -Full-color photos and useful maps, including a tear-resistant foldout map -Daily itineraries for seeing the sights in a limited amount of time -Outdoor adventures for travelers of all ages to explore Oahu's beaches, mountains, and jungles -Rewarding experiences for families, couples, food lovers, and those interested in Hawaii's culture and rich history, from indigenous customs to World War II -Reliable reviews of the best shops, restaurants, nightlife, and hotels, in all price ranges (from budget to luxury) -Helpful planning tips for getting there, getting around, and getting the most from your trip About Frommer's: There's a reason that Frommer's has been the most trusted name in travel for more than sixty years. Arthur Frommer created the best-selling guide series in 1957 to help American servicemen fulfill their dreams of travel in Europe, and since then, we have published thousands of titles became a household name helping millions upon millions of people realize their own dreams of seeing our planet. Travel is easy with Frommer's.\" -- provided by publisher.
Book
Two‐year clinical outcomes of Taiwanese and other Asian ethnicities with atrial fibrillation treated with edoxaban in the ETNA‐AF Asia registry
Background The non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC), edoxaban, is approved for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in many Asian countries. Nonetheless, data on its long‐term effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice are limited in Taiwan. Methods The Global ETNA‐AF (Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice) registry is an observational study that integrates data of AF patients receiving edoxaban from multiple regional registries. Here, we report the subgroup analysis of two‐year outcomes in Taiwan (N = 973) and three Asian countries (South Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand; N = 2326). Results Compared with other Asian ethnicities, edoxaban users in Taiwan were older and had lower creatinine clearance levels. The incidence of clinical events was low and comparable in four Asian countries. Upon 2 years of observation, the annualized rates of cardiovascular death and ischemic stroke/systemic embolic event were 0.50% and 0.90% in Taiwan and 0.33% and 0.91% in other Asian ethnicities, respectively. The annualized rates of major/clinically relevant non‐major bleeding and major gastrointestinal bleeding were 2.06% and 0.39% in Taiwan and 2.06% and 0.49% in other Asian ethnicities, respectively. Intracranial hemorrhage was rarely reported in four Asian countries (annualized rate: 0.35%). Conclusions Although some differences in patient characteristics were observed among Asian ethnicities, the low clinical event rates in two‐year ETNA‐AF data reassure the effectiveness and safety of edoxaban in routine care for AF patients in Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Thailand. In this sub‐analysis of the ETNA‐AF registry on Asian patients, the low clinical event rates in two‐year follow‐up reassure the effectiveness and safety of edoxaban in routine care for AF patients in Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Thailand.
Journal Article
Teaching Chinese language in Singapore : efforts and possibilities
This book presents the experiences of Chinese Language researchers in Singapore to Chinese Language researchers and teachers in other countries and regions, such as the USA, the UK and Asia, that are home to a large number of learners, young and old. As such, the innovative ideas it provides can be applied in practising teachers' classrooms to promote more effective and efficient student learning. Beyond pedagogical innovations, the book also includes papers on the assessment of Chinese Language learning and teacher literacy - two areas that have been largely neglected by the Chinese Language research and teaching communities, not only here in Singapore, but also around the world. This book, the sequel to \"Teaching Chinese Language in Singapore: Retrospect and Challenges\" (Springer, 2016), is future-oriented, highlighting ideas that merit further attention from researchers and practitioners alike.
Book
Mitochondrial Lon-induced mtDNA leakage contributes to PD-L1–mediated immunoescape via STING-IFN signaling and extracellular vesicles
BackgroundMitochondrial Lon is a chaperone and DNA-binding protein that functions in protein quality control and stress response pathways. The level of Lon regulates mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) metabolism and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there is little information in detail on how mitochondrial Lon regulates ROS-dependent cancer immunoescape through mtDNA metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME).MethodsWe explored the understanding of the intricate interplay between mitochondria and the innate immune response in the inflammatory TME.ResultsWe found that oxidized mtDNA is released into the cytosol when Lon is overexpressed and then it induces interferon (IFN) signaling via cGAS-STING-TBK1, which upregulates PD-L1 and IDO-1 expression to inhibit T-cell activation. Unexpectedly, upregulation of Lon also induces the secretion of extracellular vehicles (EVs), which carry mtDNA and PD-L1. Lon-induced EVs further induce the production of IFN and IL-6 from macrophages, which attenuates T-cell immunity in the TME.ConclusionsThe levels of mtDNA and PD-L1 in EVs in patients with oral cancer function as a potential diagnostic biomarker for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Our studies provide an insight into the immunosuppression on mitochondrial stress and suggest a therapeutic synergy between anti-inflammation therapy and immunotherapy in cancer.
Journal Article