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Background It has been widely accepted that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is superior to conventional open thoracotomy lobectomy in many aspects. However, the direct comparison between VATS and Muscle-sparing thoracotomy (MST) has not been widely conducted. We aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients following VATS and MST. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. The retrieval time was up to April 24, 2019. Studies investigating the comparison of video-assisted thoracoscopy and muscle-sparing thoracotomy were included in our meta-analysis. Odds ratio and mean differences with 95% confidential interval were applied to determine the effectiveness of dichotomous or continuous variables respectively. Results A total of 10 studies were included with 1514 patients. Compared with MST, the incidence of postoperative complications in VATS [OR = 0.54; 95%CI(0.4, 0.73); P  < 0.001] and the hospital stay [MD = -1.5; 95%CI(− 2.28, − 0.73); P  = 0.0001] decreased significantly, chest tube drainage time [MD = -0.71; 95%CI(− 1.18, − 0.24); P  = 0.003] were shorter and the intraoperative blood loss [MD = − 43.87; 95%CI(− 73.66, − 14.08); P  = 0.004] were less in VATS group. VATS also showed a relatively longer operative time [MD = 17.11; 95%CI(2.38, 31.85); P  = 0.02]. However, no significant differences were observed in numbers of resected lymph nodes, postoperative mortality, postoperative pneumonia and postoperative bleeding. Conclusion Compared with MST, VATS was associated with lower incidence of postoperative complications, shorter length of hospital stay, less intraoperative blood loss and less chest tube drainage, which showed that VATS was a comparable method to MST. Meanwhile, these results should be further conformed by more randomized control trials.

Immunotherapy has become a pillar of advanced solid tumors treatment. Patients are more likely to benefit from neoadjuvant immunotherapy compared with traditional neoadjuvant therapy. However, the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced, surgically resectable Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unknown. ESCC patients who received neoadjuvant treatment following minimally invasive esophagogastrostomy were enrolled from June 2020 to September 2021. The characteristics of neoadjuvant treatment and surgery were investigated to determine the safety and efficacy of the neoadjuvant combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (NCI). A total of 149 patients were included in the study. Patient ratio was 40:109 between NCI and neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (NCR) groups. No significant difference was found in terms of pathological characteristics, including ypN stage, ypTNM stage, differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, pathological complete regression and tumor regression score, and these parameters were not correlated with NCI or NCR (all >0.05). Regarding to the operation, the NCI group had less blood loss (49.25 ± 13.47 . 57.02 ± 47.26, p<0.001), and shorter operation time (247.75 ± 28.28 . 285.83 ± 52.43, p<0.001) than the NCR group. Additionally, the NCI group demonstrated a lower rate of overall perioperative complications (p=0.003) and grade >2 perioperative complications ( =0.042) than the NCR group. Overall, the findings reported here indicate NCI could result in better outcome and less complications to locally advanced ESCC patients compared with NCR therapy. As a novel therapeutic option, the efficacy and safety of NCI appears to be feasible and safe, while long-term survival data is still needed.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has evolved as a routine procedure to treat selected high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. The new J-Valve™ prosthesis is designed for antegrade transapical implantation, it is characterized by a porcine aortic prosthesis attaching to a self-expandable Nitinol stent. The key feature of the device are three U-shape anatomically oriented devices - “graspers” which could facilitate intuitive ‘self-positioning’ valve implantation. Hereby, we report a successful case of trans-apical TAVI in an elderly high-risk patient with severe aortic stenosis using J-Valve™ system.

Spin–orbit torque (SOT)-driven deterministic control of the magnetic state of a ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is key to next-generation spintronic applications including non-volatile, ultrafast and energy-efficient data-storage devices. However, field-free deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization remains a challenge because it requires an out-of-plane antidamping torque, which is not allowed in conventional spin-source materials such as heavy metals and topological insulators due to the system’s symmetry. The exploitation of low-crystal symmetries in emergent quantum materials offers a unique approach to achieve SOTs with unconventional forms. Here we report an experimental realization of field-free deterministic magnetic switching of a perpendicularly polarized van der Waals magnet employing an out-of-plane antidamping SOT generated in layered WTe 2 , a quantum material with a low-symmetry crystal structure. Our numerical simulations suggest that the out-of-plane antidamping torque in WTe 2 is essential to explain the observed magnetization switching. The authors show that an out-of-plane antidamping spin–orbit torque can produce a sizeable change in the switching dynamics of a magnetic layer with perpendicular anisotropy.

To overcome the corrosion of hydrofluoric acid on the ICP OES injection system in the acid dissolution system, this paper makes some improvements based on the traditional open digestion. The improved method does not require the complete removal of hydrofluoric acid. After appropriate digestion of the sample with a mixed acid, the solution can be transferred to a colorimetric tube containing ammonium hydroxide solution to give the final volume for analysis. In this paper, two-point standard curves are plotted using soil standards and process blanks, which is not only convenient but also overcomes the interference of the matrix effect. Through continuous experiments, the preferred ratio of mixed acid is 3 mL nitric acid + 5 mL hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of ammonia solution is 0.5%. The spectral lines of the measured elements V (292.4), Cr (283.5), Co (228.6), Ni (231.6), Cu (324.7), Zn (213.8) and Pb (220.3) were determined. The method quantification limits of the seven measured elements V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were 0.909, 4.32, 0.269, 0.261, 0.968, 3.69 and 2.64 μg g -1 , respectively, and the precision was 3.5%, 5.2%, 4.8%, 2.4%, 6.1% and 4.5%, respectively. After processing six national standard materials according to the experimental method, the measured values of each measured element were basically in agreement with the certified values, indicating that this method is fully feasible for the measurement of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in soil. This method greatly improves the efficiency of pretreatment and is particularly suitable for analysing large batches of samples.

Video‐based person re‐identification aims to match pedestrians from video sequences across non‐overlapping cameras. A major challenge of the person re‐identification is the serious intra‐class distance caused by cropped frames variation in video sequences. To address this issue, a novel sequences consistency feature learning (SCFL) framework for video‐based person re‐identification is proposed. Specifically, SCFL utilizes a deep neural network and the proposed sequences consistency loss to learn sequences‐invariant features for each pedestrian, which decreases the intra‐class distance across the partial occlusions, inaccurate detection and viewpoint variation. During the training process, SCFL slices the video‐level features and computes the cosine similarity between disjoint sequences features pairs of the same pedestrian as the sequences consistency loss to minimize the intra‐class distance. The experiments demonstrate that our approach improves the performance of the existing deep networks and achieves competitive performance on the large‐scale benchmark datasets including MARS and DukeMTMC‐VideoReID.

The recent worldwide outbreaks of mpox prioritize the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine. The contemporary mpox virus (MPXV) exhibits changing virological and epidemiological features, notably affecting populations already vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we profile the immunogenicity of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine targeting five specific proteins (M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R) from the representative contemporary MPXV clade II strain, in both naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates. Immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5 to cynomolgus macaques effectively elicits antibody responses and cellular responses. Importantly, based on the challenge model with a contemporary MPXV clade II strain, AR-MPXV5 demonstrates effective efficacy in preventing skin lesions, eliminating viremia and reducing viral loads in multiple tissues after challenge in naive male animals. More importantly, AR-MPXV5 is well-tolerated in stable chronic SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, while eliciting comparable MPXV-specific humoral and cellular responses in both naive and SIV-infected monkeys. Together, these results support further clinical development of the AR-MPXV5 vaccine. Here, the authors report immunogenicity and safety of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine, in naive and simian immunodeficiency virus infected nonhuman primates (NHPs), and demonstrate protection in naïve male NHPs after immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5.

Nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) produced in the process of drinking water disinfection are widely concerning due to the high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. It is due to the difficulty of natural degradation of N-DBPs in water and the fact that conventional treatment systems do not effectively treat N-DBPs in drinking water. In this study, N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in water was electrocatalytically degraded by a three-dimensional electrode reactor (3DER). This system applied graphite plates as anode and cathode. The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as third electrode. The degradation of NPYR using a continuous flow three-dimensional electrode reactor was investigated by examining the effects of flow rate, current density, electrolyte concentration, and pollutant concentration on the degradation efficiency, energy consumption, and reaction kinetics of GAC particle electrodes. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were flow rate = 0.45 mL/min, current density = 6 mA/cm 2 , Na 2 SO 4 concentration = 0.28 mol/L, and NPYR concentration = 20 mg/L. Under optimal conditions, the degradation of NPYR exceeded 58.84%. The main contributor of indirect oxidation was deduced from free radical quenching experiments. NPYR concentration was measured by GC–MS with DB-5 capillary column, operating in full scan monitoring mode for appropriate quantification of NPYR and intermediates. Based on the identification of reaction intermediates, a possible pathway for the electrochemical oxidation of NPYR on GAC particle electrodes was proposed.