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"Cheng, Meng"
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2-Bromopalmitate decreases spinal inflammation and attenuates oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain via reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-generation platinum compound with clinical activity in multiple solid tumors. Due to the repetition of chemotherapy cycle, OXA-induced chronic neuropathy presenting as paresthesia and pain. This study explored the neuropathy of chemotherapy pain and investigated the analgesic effect of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) on the pain behavior of OXA-induced rats. The chemotherapy pain rat model was established by the five consecutive administration of OXA (intraperitoneal, 4 mg/kg). After the establishment of OXA-induced rats, the pain behavior test, inflammatory signal analysis and mitochondrial function measurement were conducted. OXA-induced rats exhibited mechanical allodynia and spinal inflammatory infiltration. Our fluorescence and western blot analysis revealed spinal astrocytes were activated in OXA rats with up-regulation of astrocytic markers. In addition, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediated inflammatory signal cascade was also activated. Inflammation was triggered by dysfunctional mitochondria which represented by increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) level and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity. Intrathecally injection of 2-BP significantly attenuated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediated mitochondrial fission, recovered mitochondrial function, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome cascade, and consequently decreased mechanical pain sensitivity. For cell research, 2-BP treatment significantly reversed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced mitochondria membrane potential deficiency and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. These findings indicate 2-BP decreases spinal inflammation and relieves OXA-induced neuropathic pain via reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
Journal Article
The development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15
The Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (CBF-PI), a 134-item self-report scale, and its 40-item brief version (CBF-PI-B) are sound psychometric instruments used to measure the Big Five personality domains in the Chinese population. However, their applicability is limited by their length, as well as restricted by assessment conditions. In this study, we developed and validated a new shortened version with 15 items (CBF-PI-15) through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in a large sample (Sample 1) of 10,738 Chinese adults (mean = 33.90 years, SD = 9.39 years, range 17-57 years). Measurement invariance results suggested the CBF-PI-15 were invariant across gender and age groups. Convergent, discriminant and criterion validities were tested in Sample 2 (N = 256, mean = 21.62 years, SD = 3.06 years, range 18-35 years) and findings showed an expected correlational pattern with external variables. Results revealed positive correlations of Neuroticism with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Brief Version (BIS-Brief), the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener, as well as a strongly negative correlation between Conscientiousness and BIS-Brief. Additionally, Conscientiousness positively correlated with academic performance as expected. In conclusion, the CBF-PI-15 holds promise as an informative alternative for the original CBF-PI-B when administration time or conditions are limited, and our findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the CBF-PI-15.
Journal Article
Synthesis of graphene oxide/polyacrylamide composite membranes for organic dyes/water separation in water purification
To obtain nanofiltration membranes with high-performance in desalination and water purification, membranes of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and GO/polyacrylamide (PAM) are prepared by a vacuum filtration method. This method is conducted in aqueous solution without any organic solvents. The graphene-based membranes (GBMs) are characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hydrophilicity of GBMs is also evaluated by contact angle measurement. The interlayer spacing of GO membrane (0.85 nm), GO/PAM membrane (0.68 nm) and rGO membrane (0.36 nm) are measured by X-ray diffraction. The performance of the GBMs is evaluated on a dead-end filtration device. The water flux and retention of rhodamine B of the membranes are 399.04 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 85.03% (GO), 188.89 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 95.43% (GO/PAM), 85.85 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 97.06% (rGO), respectively. The GO/PAM membrane has the best comprehensive separation performance because of its proper interlayer spacing. GO/PAM membranes provide potential advantages in the design of high-performance membranes for molecular separation and water purification.
Journal Article
Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes
With continuous nitrogen (N) enrichment and sulfur (S) deposition, soil acidification has accelerated and become a global environmental issue. However, a full understanding of the general pattern of ecosystem belowground processes in response to soil acidification due to the impacting factors remains elusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil acidification impacts on belowground functions using 304 observations from 49 independent studies, mainly including soil cations, soil nutrient, respiration, root and microbial biomass. Our results show that acid addition significantly reduced soil pH by 0.24 on average, with less pH decrease in forest than non-forest ecosystems. The response ratio of soil pH was positively correlated with site precipitation and temperature, but negatively with initial soil pH. Soil base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) decreased while non-base cations (Al3+, Fe3+) increased with soil acidification. Soil respiration, fine root biomass, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly reduced by 14.7%, 19.1%, 9.6% and 12.1%, respectively, under acid addition. These indicate that soil carbon processes are sensitive to soil acidification. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests a strong negative impact of soil acidification on belowground functions, with the potential to suppress soil carbon emission. It also arouses our attention to the toxic effects of soil ions on terrestrial ecosystems.
Journal Article
All-inorganic perovskite quantum dot light-emitting memories
Field-induced ionic motions in all-inorganic CsPbBr
3
perovskite quantum dots (QDs) strongly dictate not only their electro-optical characteristics but also the ultimate optoelectronic device performance. Here, we show that the functionality of a single Ag/CsPbBr
3
/ITO device can be actively switched on a sub-millisecond scale from a resistive random-access memory (RRAM) to a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), or vice versa, by simply modulating its bias polarity. We then realize for the first time a fast, all-perovskite light-emitting memory (LEM) operating at 5 kHz by pairing such two identical devices in series, in which one functions as an RRAM to electrically read the encoded data while the other simultaneously as an LEC for a parallel, non-contact optical reading. We further show that the digital status of the LEM can be perceived in real time from its emission color. Our work opens up a completely new horizon for more advanced all-inorganic perovskite optoelectronic technologies.
Electric field induced ion migration is a well-known phenomenon in perovskite, but the consequences are notorious, and thus needs to be prevented. Here, on the other hand, the authors cleverly manipulate this event for realising resistive random-access memory and light-emitting electrochemical cell in one device based on CsPbBr
3
quantum dots.
Journal Article
Zika virus infection induces RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity in human neural progenitors and brain organoids
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Western Hemisphere has resulted in global public health crisis since 2015. ZIKV preferentially infects and targets human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and causes fetal microcephaly upon maternal infection. hNPCs not only play critical roles during fetal brain development, but also persist in adult brain throughout life. Yet the mechanism of innate antiviral immunity in hNPCs remains largely unknown. Here, we show that ZIKV infection triggers the abundant production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs in hNPCs, but not in the more differentiated progenies or somatic cells. Ablation of key RNAi machinery components significantly enhances ZIKV replication in hNPCs. Furthermore, enoxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is known as an RNAi enhancer, exerts potent anti-ZIKV activity in hNPCs and other RNAi-competent cells. Strikingly, enoxacin treatment completely prevents ZIKV infection and circumvents ZIKV-induced microcephalic phenotypes in brain organoid models that recapitulate human fetal brain development. Our findings highlight the physiological importance of RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity during the early stage of human brain development, uncovering a novel strategy to combat human congenital viral infections through enhancing RNAi.
Journal Article
A single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly
Zika virus (ZIKV) has evolved into a global health threat because of its unexpected causal link to microcephaly. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that contemporary epidemic strains have accumulated multiple substitutions from their Asian ancestor. Here we show that a single serine-to-asparagine substitution [Ser139→Asn139 (S139N)] in the viral polyprotein substantially increased ZIKV infectivity in both human and mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and led to more severe microcephaly in the mouse fetus, as well as higher mortality rates in neonatal mice. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the S139N substitution arose before the 2013 outbreak in French Polynesia and has been stably maintained during subsequent spread to the Americas. This functional adaption makes ZIKV more virulent to human NPCs, thus contributing to the increased incidence of microcephaly in recent ZIKV epidemics.
Journal Article
Advanced Electrode Materials in Lithium Batteries: Retrospect and Prospect
Lithium- (Li-) ion batteries have revolutionized our daily life towards wireless and clean style, and the demand for batteries with higher energy density and better safety is highly required. The next-generation batteries with innovatory chemistry, material, and engineering breakthroughs are in strong pursuit currently. Herein, the key historical developments of practical electrode materials in Li-ion batteries are summarized as the cornerstone for the innovation of next-generation batteries. In addition, the emerging electrode materials for next-generation batteries are discussed as the revolving challenges and potential strategies. Finally, the future scenario of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries is presented. The combination of theory and experiment under multiscale is highlighted to promote the development of emerging electrode materials.
Journal Article
Advancing targeted protein degradation for cancer therapy
The human proteome contains approximately 20,000 proteins, and it is estimated that more than 600 of them are functionally important for various types of cancers, including nearly 400 non-enzyme proteins that are challenging to target by traditional occupancy-driven pharmacology. Recent advances in the development of small-molecule degraders, including molecular glues and heterobifunctional degraders such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have made it possible to target many proteins that were previously considered undruggable. In particular, PROTACs form a ternary complex with a hijacked E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein, leading to polyubiquitination and degradation of the target protein. The broad applicability of this approach is facilitated by the flexibility of individual E3 ligases to recognize different substrates. The vast majority of the approximately 600 human E3 ligases have not been explored, thus presenting enormous opportunities to develop degraders that target oncoproteins with tissue, tumour and subcellular selectivity. In this Review, we first discuss the molecular basis of targeted protein degradation. We then offer a comprehensive account of the most promising degraders in development as cancer therapies to date. Lastly, we provide an overview of opportunities and challenges in this exciting field.The development of small-molecule degraders such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has made it possible to target oncoproteins previously considered undruggable. This Review discusses recent advances in the field, with a focus on opportunities and challenges for future development.
Journal Article