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It is a great challenge to achieve robustly bonded, fully covered, and nanoscaled coating on the surface of electrospun nanofibers. Herein, we develop a controllable, facile, and versatile strategy to in-situ grow superlubricated nano-skin (SLNS) on the single electrospun nanofiber. Specifically, zwitterionic polymer chains are generated from the nanofiber subsurface in an inside-out way, which consequently form a robust network interpenetrating with the polymeric chains of the nanofiber matrix. The nanofibers with SLNS are superlubricated with the coefficient of friction (COF) lower than 0.025, which is about 16-fold of reduction than the original nanofibers. The time-COF plot is very stable after 12, 000 cycles of friction test, and no abrasion is observed. Additionally, the developed nanofibrous membranes possess favorable tensile property and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the nanofibrous membranes with SLNS achieve prevention of post-operative adhesion, which is confirmed in both rat tendon adhesion model and abdominal adhesion model. Compared with clinically-used antiadhesive membranes such as Interceed and DK-film, our nanofibrous membranes are not only more effective but also have the advantage of lower production cost. Therefore, this study demonstrates a potential of the superlubricated nanofibrous membranes in-situ grown based on a SLNS strategy for achieving prevention of post-operative adhesion in clinics. Post-operative adhesions are a major complication from surgical intervention. Here, the authors develop a technique to grow a super-lubricating layer over electrospun nanofibers which was demonstrated to prevent postoperative adhesions with better outcomes than commercial products when compared in two in vivo models.

The anticoagulation and hemostatic properties of blood-contacting materials are opposite lines of research, but their realization mechanisms are inspired by each other. Contact between blood and implantable biomaterials is a classic problem in tribological research, as both antithrombotic and hemostatic materials are closely associated with this problem. Thrombus formation on the surfaces of blood-contacting biomedical devices can detrimentally affect their performance and patient life, so specific surface functionalization is required. Currently, intensive research has focused on the development of super-lubricated or super-hydrophobic coatings, as well as coatings that deliver antithrombotic drugs. In addition, hemostatic biomaterials with porous structures, biochemical substances, and strongly adhesive hydrogels can be used to achieve rapid and effective hemostasis via physical or biochemical mechanisms. This article reviews methods of preparing anticoagulant coatings on material surfaces and the current status of rapid hemostatic materials. It also summarizes fundamental concepts for the design and synthesis of anticoagulant and hemostatic materials by discussing thrombosis and hemostasis mechanisms in biomedical devices and normal organisms. Because there are relatively few reports reviewing the progress in surface-functionalized design for anticoagulation and hemostasis, it is anticipated that this review can provide a useful summary of the applications of both bio-adhesion and bio-lubrication techniques in the field of biomedical engineering.

The repair of large-area irregular bone defects is one of the complex problems in orthopedic clinical treatment. The bone repair scaffolds currently studied include electrospun membrane, hydrogel, bone cement, 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, etc., among which 3D printed polymer-based scaffolds Bone scaffolds are the most promising for clinical applications. This is because 3D printing is modeled based on the im-aging results of actual bone defects so that the printed scaffolds can perfectly fit the bone defect, and the printed components can be adjusted to promote Osteogenesis. This review introduces a variety of 3D printing technologies and bone healing processes, reviews previous studies on the characteristics of commonly used natural or synthetic polymers, and clinical applications of 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, analyzes and elaborates the characteristics of ideal bone tissue scaffolds, from t he progress of 3D printing bone tissue scaffolds were summarized in many aspects. The challenges and potential prospects in this direction were discussed.

Lumped hydrological models (LHMs) are indispensable for water resource planning and environmental studies due to simple structures and robust performances. LHMs commonly focus on runoff processes with crude representations for other hydrological processes, such as evapotranspiration (E). Therefore, these models may yield unrealistic water balance partitioning. The challenge is to enhance the LHMs performance while retaining simplicity. The generalized complementary relationship (GCR) is a simple and robust method for estimating E. This study attempted to incorporate GCR into four widely used LHMs (Australian water balance model, GR2M, SIMHYD, and TANK) to test whether the integrated models (GCR‐LHMs) can improve runoff simulation at little cost to the model structure and data requirement. Original LHMs and integrated GCR‐LHMs were tested in 2112 catchments over various climatic conditions. Results show that the GCR‐LHMs outperform original LHMs in most catchments (77.7 ± 5.0%). In addition, the number of catchments that GCR‐LHMs have qualified performance (i.e., Kling‐Gupta coefficient [KGE] more than 0.5) increased by 10.7 ± 3.6% compared with LHMs. The performance of original and integrated models is dependent on the aridity index and normalized vegetation index. However, the improvement in model performance is less catchment characteristics dependent. These results indicate that incorporating GCR into the LHMs improves the model performance under different climatic and vegetation conditions and justifies the integration. GCR integration with LHMs can improve runoff estimation ability (with higher KGE and R‐Square) while retaining model simplicity and readily available input. These findings are valuable for improving the applicability and accuracy of LHMs. Key Points Four widely used lumped hydrological models are integrated with generalized complementary relationship Integration improves model applicability while retaining the simplicity of model structure and readily available input Improved model performance is largely independent of catchment characteristics indicating the general validity of the integration

Correlation diagnosis in multivariate process quality management is an important and challenging issue. In this paper, a new diagnostic method based on quality component grouping is proposed. Firstly, three theorems describing the properties of the covariance matrix of multivariate process quality are established based on the statistical viewpoint of product quality, to prove the correlation decomposition theorem, which decomposes the correlation of all the quality components into a series of correlations of components pairs, and then by using the factor analysis method, all quality components are grouped in order to maximize the correlations in the same groups and minimize the ones between different groups. Finally, on the basis of correlations between different groups are ignored, T 2 control charts of component pairs in the same groups are established to form the diagnostic model. Theoretical analysis and practice prove that for the multivariate process quality whose the correlations between different components vary considerably, the grouping technique enables the size of the correlation diagnostic model to be drastically reduced, thus allowing the proposed method can be used as a generalized theoretical model for the correlation diagnosis.

Accurately projecting climate change and its impact is crucial for quantifying the risk of extreme events and developing effective adaptation strategies. However, future projections exhibit substantial uncertainties among Earth system models (ESMs). Notably, the latest phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project includes some ‘hot’ ESMs with high climate sensitivity that exceed the likely range inferred from multiple lines of evidence, leading to a broader uncertainty range compared to previous CMIP phases. Although various uncertainty quantification and constraint methods have been proposed, they are not yet widely adopted. The approach of using an equal-weighted ensemble average for projections remains prevalent. Here we examine commonly used uncertainty quantification methods and constraint projection methods, describing their characteristics. Subsequently, taking extreme precipitation as a case, we constrain the range of projection uncertainty employing two weighing constraint methods and two emergent constraint methods. The results demonstrate that all methods effectively reduce the uncertainty in extreme precipitation projections. Specifically, the comprehensive constraints reduce the projection uncertainty by 26%–31% at the long-term future (2081–2100) under different scenarios. Therefore, we strongly recommend that attention should be paid to quantifying and constraining uncertainty when undertaking future projections of climate change and its impacts.

Understanding the partitioning of runoff into baseflow and quickflow is crucial for informed decision‐making in water resource management, guiding the implementation of flood mitigation strategies, and enhancing drought resilience measures. Methods that combine the physically based models with machine learning (ML) have demonstrated potential for global runoff estimation. However, such “hybrid” approaches remain unexplored for baseflow estimation. Here, we develop a ML approach combined by the physically‐based Budyko framework for baseflow estimation by incorporating the baseflow coefficient (BFC) curve as a physical constraint. Parameters of the original Budyko curve and the newly developed BFC curve are estimated based on 13 climatic and physiographic properties using boosted regression trees. BRT models are trained and tested in 1,461 catchments worldwide and subsequently applied to the entire global land surface at a 0.25° grid scale. The models exhibit strong performance during the testing phase, with R2 values of 0.96 and 0.91 for runoff and baseflow, respectively. Results indicate that, on average, 35.3% of global continental precipitation (819 mm yr−1) is partitioned into runoff (292 mm yr−1), comprising 19.6% as baseflow (162 mm yr−1) and 15.7% as quickflow (130 mm yr−1). Among the 13 climatic and physiographic properties analyzed, vegetation properties emerge as primary controls for Budyko parameter α while soil properties dominate parameter Qb, p in BFC curve, although significant spatial variability is observed across global catchments. Overall, the proposed framework provides a global data set and methodology for runoff partitioning while revealing how catchment properties control this process.

Zwitterionic hydrogels, which have been demonstrated to hold great potential in preventing abdominal adhesion, are hindered in clinical translation by their inherent mechanical fragility and structural instability. Inspired by the framework‐reinforced composite structure of concrete in building construction, herein, a 3D‐printed polymeric framework reinforced zwitterionic lubricating hydrogel (abbreviated as 3DF‐LH) is developed, which features high tensile strength internally and optimal lubrication externally. Just like the establishment process of concrete, 3DF‐LH is fabricated by infiltrating hydrogel precursor solution, that consisted of GelMA and zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), into the pores of a 3D‐printed PCL framework (3DF), followed by UV curing. In vitro studies demonstrated that the 3DF‐LH composite exhibited superior structural stability, mechanical robustness, and biocompatibility, along with significantly suppressing fibroblast adhesion. In an SD rat cecal‐abdominal wall postoperative adhesion model, 3DF‐LH attenuated the inflammatory microenvironment, which involved the suppression of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting abdominal adhesion formation. These findings demonstrate that developed 3DF‐LH effectively addresses the mechanical limitations of zwitterionic hydrogels and thus holds great potential for future clinical translation. Inspired by the establishment process and structure of concrete, a 3D‐printed PCL framework‐reinforced composite hydrogel is developed to overcome the mechanical limits of the original zwitterionic hydrogel toward clinic application of postoperative adhesion prevention.

The influence of the fragment velocity gradient on the hit density under the dynamic missile-target meeting condition is discussed using theoretical analysis, and the analytical relationship is obtained. The results show that under static explosion conditions, the fragment hit density is independent of the velocity gradient of the fragment group. Under dynamic conditions, the distribution bandwidth of the fragments on the target becomes wider with the increase of the velocity of the missile-target meeting and the velocity gradient of the fragment group, and the increase of the fragment bandwidth decreases the fragment hit density.

In this paper, numerical simulation is used to study the buffer layer material, thickness and structure on the reactive fragment load and its action time under blast impact loading conditions. The results show that the buffer layer can significantly reduce the peak pressure of the detonation wave acting on the reactive fragment and prolong the action time; the buffering capacity of different buffer materials is different; for the same material, the buffering capacity is proportional to the material thickness; compared with a single layer of buffer layer, the buffer layer with the same thickness and composite structure has a stronger capacity.