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In the context of the continuous degradation of the global environment, ecological restoration has become a primary task in global environmental governance. In this process, remote sensing technology, as an advanced monitoring and analysis tool, plays a key role in monitoring ecological restoration. This article reviews the application of remote sensing technology in ecological restoration monitoring. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature in the field of ecological remote sensing, it systematically summarizes the major in-orbit spaceborne and airborne sensors and their related products. This article further proposes a series of evaluation indicators for ecological restoration from four aspects: forests, soil, water, and the atmosphere, and elaborates on the calculation methods for these indicators. In addition, this paper also summarizes the methods for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological restoration, including subjective evaluation, objective evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation methods. Finally, we analyze the challenges faced by remote sensing technology in evaluating ecological restoration effectiveness, such as issues with the precision of indicators extraction, the limitations of spatial resolution, and the diversity of evaluation methods. This review also looks forward to future ecological restoration technologies, such as the potential applications of integrated aerospace and terrestrial remote sensing, multi-data fusion, and machine learning technologies. This study reveals the effectiveness of remote sensing technology in ecological restoration monitoring, aiming to provide efficient tools and innovative strategies for future remote sensing monitoring and assessment of ecological restoration.

The rapid advancement of remote sensing technology has significantly enhanced the temporal resolution of remote sensing data. Multitemporal remote sensing image classification can extract richer spatiotemporal features. However, this also presents the challenge of mining massive data features. In response to this challenge, deep learning methods have become prevalent in machine learning and have been widely applied in remote sensing due to their ability to handle large datasets. The combination of remote sensing classification and deep learning has become a trend and has developed rapidly in recent years. However, there is a lack of summary and discussion on the research status and trends in multitemporal images. This review retrieved and screened 170 papers and proposed a research framework for this field. It includes retrieval statistics from existing research, preparation of multitemporal datasets, sample acquisition, an overview of typical models, and a discussion of application status. Finally, this paper discusses current problems and puts forward prospects for the future from three directions: adaptability between deep learning models and multitemporal classification, prospects for high-resolution image applications, and large-scale monitoring and model generalization. The aim is to help readers quickly understand the research process and application status of this field.

Structural principles underlying the composition and synergistic mechanisms of protective monoclonal antibody cocktails are poorly defined. Here, we exploited antibody cooperativity to develop a therapeutic antibody cocktail against SARS-CoV-2. On the basis of our previously identified humanized cross-neutralizing antibody H014, we systematically analyzed a fully human naive antibody library and rationally identified a potent neutralizing antibody partner, P17, which confers effective protection in animal model. Cryo-EM studies dissected the nature of the P17 epitope, which is SARS-CoV-2 specific and distinctly different from that of H014. High-resolution structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike in complex with H014 and P17, together with functional investigations revealed that in a two-antibody cocktail, synergistic neutralization was achieved by S1 shielding and conformational locking, thereby blocking receptor attachment and viral membrane fusion, conferring high potency as well as robustness against viral mutation escape. Furthermore, cluster analysis identified a hypothetical 3rd antibody partner for further reinforcing the cocktail as pan-SARS-CoVs therapeutics.

Ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPC 2 -MS/MS) is a novel tool in separation science that combines the advantages of supercritical fluid chromatography with ultraperformance liquid chromatography/MS/MS technology. The use of nontoxic CO 2 fluid and a postcolumn additive to complement MS/MS allows better control of analyte retention for chiral separation and high-sensitivity determination with different chiral stationary phases. This paper reports the stereoselective separation and determination of the chiral neonicotinoid sulfoxaflor in vegetables and soil by UPC 2 -MS/MS. Baseline resolution ( Rs  ≥ 1.56) of and high selectivity (LOQ ≤ 1.83 μg/kg) for the four stereoisomers were achieved by postcolumn addition of 1 % formic acid–methanol to a Chiralpak IA-3 using CO 2 /isopropanol/acetonitrile as the mobile phase at 40 °C, 2,500 psi, and for 6.5 min in electrospray ionization positive mode. Rearranged Van’t Hoff equations afforded the thermodynamic parameters Δ H ο and Δ S ο , which were analyzed to promote understanding of the enthalpy-driven separation of sulfoxaflor stereoisomers. The interday mean recovery, intraday repeatability, and interday reproducibility varied from 72.9 to 103.7 %, from 1.8 to 9.2 %, and from 3.1 to 9.4 %, respectively. The proposed method was used to study the pharmacokinetic dissipation of sulfoxaflor stereoisomers in soil under greenhouse conditions. The estimated half-life ranged from 5.59 to 6.03 d, and statistically nonsignificant enantioselective degradation was observed. This study not only demonstrates that the UPC 2 -MS/MS system is an efficient and sensitive method for sulfoxaflor stereoseparation, but also provides the first experimental evidence of the pharmacokinetic dissipation of sulfoxaflor stereoisomers in the environment. Graphical Abstract Chemical structure and UPC 2 -MS/MS separation chromatogram of sulfoxaflor. (* stereogenic center)

【Objective】 Saline water has been used as a supplementary irrigation resource in most countries to sustain agricultural production. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of ionic composition in saline water on soil properties and growth of corn under mulched drip irrigation. 【Method】 The field experiment was conducted from April to September 2021 in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID) in Inner Mongolia. The saline water was created by adding different chloride salts: NaCl (T1), KCl (T2), CaCl2 (T3) and MgCl2 (T4) to fresh water. Irrigation with fresh underground water served as the control (CK). During each treatment, change in soil structure, transport of water and salt in soil, and crop growth were measured. 【Result】 ① Compared to CK, T1 significantly increased the number of small pores in the top 0~20 cm soil layer. This had a detrimental impact on soil structure but increased its water storage, particularly during the jointing stage. Compared to CK, T3 and T4 reduced the small porosity by 147.73% and 132.01%, respectively, but increased permeability of the soil. ② Compared to CK, all treatments increased the concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the 0~60 cm soil layer. Except T1, other treatments increased the concentrations of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, compared to CK. T1 resulted in salt accumulation in the soil surface, while other treatments did not show noticeable impact on ion composition. It was found that T3 and T4 moved the salt out the zone controlled by the mulch in the lateral direction, particularly T4. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the saturated extract from the root zone soil was influenced by the EC of irrigation water and varied in the range of 3~4 dS/m. ③ Na+ and K+ contents were the lowest and highest in the aboveground part, respectively. Na+, K+, and Cl- contents were higher in leaves than in stems, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents were higher in stem than in leaves. Increasing irrigation amount enhanced crop yield only in some treatments. Among all treatments, T4 gave the highest corn seed yield, 17.33% more than CK. 【Conclusion】 Irrigation with saline water containing high Na+ increased the small porosity of the topsoil, affecting soil water infiltration. In contrast, increasing K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents reduced small porosity, promoting salt leaching due to the increased soil permeability. Keeping concentration of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ at appropriate levels under saline water irrigation is beneficial to increasing dry matter accumulation and the final yield, as it offsets the negative effects of excessive Na+. These findings provide guidance for safe utilization of saline water for irrigation in HID.

Background There is a lack of large-scale epidemiological data on the clinical practice of enteral nutrition (EN) feeding in China. This study aimed to provide such data on Chinese hospitals and to investigate factors associated with EN delivery. Methods This cross-sectional study was launched in 118 intensive care units (ICUs) of 116 mainland hospitals and conducted on April 26, 2017. At 00:00 on April 26, all patients in these ICUs were included. Demographic and clinical variables of patients on April 25 were obtained. The dates of hospitalization, ICU admission and nutrition initiation were reviewed. The outcome status 28 days after the day of investigation was obtained. Results A total of 1953 patients were included for analysis, including 1483 survivors and 312 nonsurvivors. The median study day was day 7 (IQR 2–19 days) after ICU entry. The proportions of subjects starting EN within 24, 48 and 72 h after ICU entry was 24.8% (84/352), 32.7% (150/459) and 40.0% (200/541), respectively. The proportion of subjects receiving > 80% estimated energy target within 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days after ICU entry was 10.5% (37/352), 10.9% (50/459), 11.8% (64/541) and 17.8% (162/910), respectively. Using acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) 1 as the reference in a Cox model, patients with AGI 2–3 were associated with reduced likelihood of EN initiation (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.353–0.599; p  < 0.001). AGI 4 was significantly associated with lower hazard of EN administration (HR 0.056; 95% CI 0.008–0.398; p  = 0.004). In a linear regression model, greater Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (coefficient – 0.002, 95% CI – 0.008 to − 0.001; p  = 0.024) and male gender (coefficient – 0.144, 95% CI – 0.203 to − 0.085; p  < 0.001) were found to be associated with lower EN proportion. As compared with AGI 1, AGI 2–3 was associated with lower EN proportion (coefficient – 0.206, 95% CI – 0.273 to − 0.139; p  < 0.001). Conclusions The study showed that EN delivery was suboptimal in Chinese ICUs. More attention should be paid to EN use in the early days after ICU admission.

The ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/hydrocarbon (PCH) composite was prepared by selecting a PCH resin as the matrix, which has the similar structure to UHMWPE fiber. The interfacial bond property between the PCH resin and UHMWPE fiber was investigated by macromechanics, micromechanics, and contact angle. The results show that the PCH resin has good wettability with the UHMWPE fiber surface. The UHMWPE/PCH composite has excellent transverse tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength, and the pull-out strength together with the outstanding interfacial bond property.

微咸水灌溉是缓解旱区农业用水危机的主要途径之一，而微咸水中的离子组成特征影响着土壤性质进而影响作物生长。【目的】探讨不同阳离子组成微咸水对土壤理化性质和作物生长的影响。【方法】于2021年4—9月，在内蒙古河套灌区，以膜下滴灌的模式种植春玉米，开展微咸水灌溉田间定位试验。以当地地下水为对照（CK），向地下水中分别添加相同物质的量浓度（20 mmol/L）、不同类型氯化盐（NaCl、KCl、CaCl2、MgCl2），形成相近的电导率（EC）、而不同阳离子组成微咸水处理（分别标记为T1、T2、T3、T4），研究土壤结构特性变化、水盐运移过程和作物生长响应。【结果】①与CK相比，添加Na+（T1处理）后0~20 cm土层小孔隙数量和储水量显著增加，尤其在灌水较多的拔节期；而T3处理和T4处理小孔隙度比T1处理分别降低147.73%和132.01%，有利于土壤孔隙结构的发育和水分的运移，降低了表层土壤储水量。②与CK相比，T1、T2、T3处理和T4处理分别提升了作物根区0~60 cm土壤中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+物质的量浓度，除T1处理外，T2、T3处理和T4处理对应的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+物质的量浓度均显著高于CK。T1处理在作物根区表层土壤有明显积盐现象，其他处理无明显变化，相反T3处理和T4处理土壤盐分整体向膜外运移，T4处理更为明显。受灌溉水EC影响，根区土壤饱和浸提液电导率（ECe）均在3~4 dS/m内。③作物地上部器官离子量中K+量最高，Na+量最低且显著低于K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-量。Na+、K+、Cl-量均表现为叶<茎，Ca2+和Mg2+离子量表现为叶>茎。T1—T4处理作物产量均有所增加，其中T4处理产量最大，较CK提升17.33%。【结论】含有较多Na+的微咸水灌溉提高了土壤表层小孔隙度，影响了土壤水分下渗，造成表层土壤盐分积累，而较多的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+则减少了土壤表层小孔隙度，有利于表层盐分淋洗。微咸水灌溉下，相对于较多的Na+带来显著负面效应，灌溉水中适当物质的量浓度的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+均有助于提高作物产量。研究结果可为河套灌区地下微咸水的安全利用提供理论依据。