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"Cheng, Ying"
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Matching visibility and performance : a standing challenge for world-class universities
World-class universities (WCU) are regarded as cornerstone institutions of any academic system and imperative to develop a nation?s competitiveness in the global knowledge economy. Visibility and performance are among the most watched concepts in relation to develop WCUs, but remain complicated in nature and with no agreed upon definitions. Existing literature have focused on how to raise universities? prestige, status, impact and rankings in the global and regional arena on the one hand, and how to enhance universities? quality, efficiency, effectiveness and academic output on the other. However, whether visibility is a legitimate indicator of performance, or vice versa, is yet to be answered. This book provides insights of developing academic excellence from global, national and institutional perspectives, and intends to stimulate discussion on how universities can be?globally visible and locally engaged? and how visibility and performance can be integrated and balanced in practice.
Book
Transient phenomena in ecology
Ecological systems can switch between alternative dynamic states. For example, the species composition of the community can change or nutrient dynamics can shift, even if there is little or no change in underlying environmental conditions. Such switches can be abrupt or more gradual, and a growing number of studies examine the transient dynamics between one state and another—particularly in the context of anthropogenic global change. Hastings et al. review current knowledge of transient dynamics, showing that hitherto idiosyncratic and individual patterns can be classified into a coherent framework, with important general lessons and directions for future study. Science , this issue p. eaat6412 The importance of transient dynamics in ecological systems and in the models that describe them has become increasingly recognized. However, previous work has typically treated each instance of these dynamics separately. We review both empirical examples and model systems, and outline a classification of transient dynamics based on ideas and concepts from dynamical systems theory. This classification provides ways to understand the likelihood of transients for particular systems, and to guide investigations to determine the timing of sudden switches in dynamics and other characteristics of transients. Implications for both management and underlying ecological theories emerge.
Journal Article
How world-class universities affect global higher education : influences and responses
World-class universities, commonly recognized as global research universities or flagship universities, are cornerstone institutions embedded in any academic system and play an important role in developing a nation?s competitiveness in the global knowledge economy. The development of world-class universities is high on the policy agenda of various stakeholders across the globe. In the past few years, an increasing number of nations, regions and higher education institutions in both developed and developing countries have joined the same race for academic excellence and have adopted a range of development strategies and implemented various reforms. From a comparative perspective, How World-Class Universities Affect Global Higher Education intends to provide an in-depth picture of excellence initiatives and relevant policies adopted in various nations and regions, and to reflect opportunities and challenges of developing excellence.
Book
Irrelevance of linear controllability to nonlinear dynamical networks
There has been tremendous development in linear controllability of complex networks. Real-world systems are fundamentally nonlinear. Is linear controllability relevant to nonlinear dynamical networks? We identify a common trait underlying both types of control: the nodal “importance”. For nonlinear and linear control, the importance is determined, respectively, by physical/biological considerations and the probability for a node to be in the minimum driver set. We study empirical mutualistic networks and a gene regulatory network, for which the nonlinear nodal importance can be quantified by the ability of individual nodes to restore the system from the aftermath of a tipping-point transition. We find that the nodal importance ranking for nonlinear and linear control exhibits opposite trends: for the former large-degree nodes are more important but for the latter, the importance scale is tilted towards the small-degree nodes, suggesting strongly the irrelevance of linear controllability to these systems. The recent claim of successful application of linear controllability to
Caenorhabditis
elegans
connectome is examined and discussed.
Linear controllability theories have stimulated research on control of complex networks. Here the authors investigate the concordance between linear and nonlinear approaches in ranking the importance of nodes in nonlinear networks, and conclude that linear controllability may not be applicable.
Journal Article
Current Development Status of MEK Inhibitors
The current development status of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, including the preclinical data and clinical study progress, has been summarized in this review. Different MEK inhibitors, possessing specific physicochemical properties and bioactivity characteristics, may provide different options for patients seeking treatment for cancer. Moreover, the combination of the MEK inhibitors with other therapies—such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy—may be a promising approach for clinical use.
Journal Article
Universal model of individual and population mobility on diverse spatial scales
Studies of human mobility in the past decade revealed a number of general scaling laws. However, to reproduce the scaling behaviors quantitatively at both the individual and population levels simultaneously remains to be an outstanding problem. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that spatial scales have a significant effect on human mobility, raising the need for formulating a universal model suited for human mobility at different levels and spatial scales. Here we develop a general model by combining memory effect and population-induced competition to enable accurate prediction of human mobility based on population distribution only. A variety of individual and collective mobility patterns such as scaling behaviors and trajectory motifs are accurately predicted for different countries and cities of diverse spatial scales. Our model establishes a universal underlying mechanism capable of explaining a variety of human mobility behaviors, and has significant applications for understanding many dynamical processes associated with human mobility.
Understanding and accurate prediction of human mobility is of increasing importance, but a universal framework is lacking. Here, the authors develop a unified model that accurately predicts both individual and population mobility and scaling behaviors on diverse spatial scales.
Journal Article
The gale
\"One morning, so early that the fog still clings to the surface of the river, a young boy accompanies his yeye seven miles to the grassy field behind their home in order to cut satintail to feed the livestock.-- Provided by publisher.
CHILDBOOK
The Association of Tau With Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction also has a recognized role in the pathophysiology of AD. In recent years, mitochondrial dysfunction has been strongly associated with tau pathology in AD. Overexpression of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau appears to damage the axonal transport, leading to abnormal mitochondrial distribution. In addition, pathological tau impairs mitochondrial dynamics by regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins, and further causes mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is also involved in promoting tau pathology in AD. In this article, we evaluate the relationship between phosphorylated tau and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
Journal Article